THE CIVIL WAR THE CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 Adapted from Mr. Long’s Presentation

THETHE

CIVIL WARCIVIL WAR1861-1865

Adapted from Mr. Long’s Adapted from Mr. Long’s PresentationPresentation

http://apushppt.wikispaces.com/http://apushppt.wikispaces.com/

GUIDING QUESTIONSGUIDING QUESTIONS•How did the Union win the How did the Union win the

war?war?

•How did the Civil War How did the Civil War change the United States change the United States politically, socially and politically, socially and economically?economically?

THE SECESSION

CRISIS

1860Presidential

Election

1860Presidential

Election

Abraham LincolnRepublican

Abraham LincolnRepublican

John BellConstitutional Union

John BellConstitutional Union

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern DemocratStephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

John C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat

John C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat

1860

Election

Results

1860

Election

Results

Election of 1860: Popular Vote Percentages

Secession: The Lower South

• secession• “fire-eaters”

• Confederate States of America• Jefferson Davis

Crittenden CompromiseCrittenden Compromise

Senator John J. Crittenden

Senator John J. Crittenden

Lincoln’s Inauguration, March 4, 1861

•Lincoln’s position on Lincoln’s position on secessionsecession

Lincoln’s Inauguration, Lincoln’s Inauguration, March 4, March 4, 18611861

Lincoln’s inaugural address in

front of

the Capitol

U.S. Capitol, 1860U.S. Capitol, 1860U.S. Capitol, 1860

Fort Sumter: April 12,

1861

Fort Sumter: April 12,

1861

Secession & the Upper South

Slavery & Secession% Whites in % Whites in Slave-owning Slave-owning FamiliesFamilies

% Slaves in % Slaves in PopulationPopulation

Original Confederate States 38% 47%

Upper South States that Later Joined the Confederacy

24% 32%

Border States Remaining in Union 14% 15%

Source: Henretta, et al., America’s History, 5th ed.

TWO SOCIETIES AT WAR

The Divided Nation

United States Flag in 1863

Lincoln

Feb. 23, 1861

(Library of Congress)

Lincoln by Alexander Gardner, 1861

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Confederate States of AmericaOfficial Flags

1865

1861-1863 1863-1865

Confederate Battle Flags

Eastern Army Battle Flag

Navy flag

Jefferson Davis,

President, CSA

Comparing the North & the SouthComparing the North & the South

Men Men Present Present for Duty for Duty

in the in the Civil WarCivil War

Men Men Present Present for Duty for Duty

in the in the Civil WarCivil War

Resources: North vs.

South

Resources: North vs.

South

Railroad Lines, 1860

Railroad Lines, 1860

Overviewof

Civil WarStrategy“Anaconda”

Plan

v

Aggressive Defense/Attri

tion

Overviewof

Civil WarStrategy“Anaconda”

Plan

v

Aggressive Defense/Attri

tion

•Confederacy–War of Attrition–Foreign Intervention–Influence Northern Public Opinion/Politics

–Blockade Runners–The “Trent Affair”–Cotton Embargo

Characteristics of War

•Old Methods/New Tech•Rifled Weapons•Repeating Carbines•Trench Warfare?

THE WAR IN

THE EAST

1861-1862

Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas), July, 1861

Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas), July, 1861

Thomas Jonathan

“Stonewall” Jackson

The Battle of the Ironclads, The Battle of the Ironclads, MMarch, 1862arch, 1862The Battle of the Ironclads, The Battle of the Ironclads, MMarch, 1862arch, 1862

The Monitor

vs.the

Merrimac

The Monitor

vs.the

Merrimac

USS Monitor Deck and Turret

The War in the East: 1861-1862

Union General George B. McClellan

Robert E. LeeGeneral, CSA

The War in the East: 1861-1862

The Battle of Antietam September 1862

Bloody Lane (Library of Congress)

Bloodiest single day of the war:

Union: 12,410 casualties, double those of D-Day (June 6, 1944)

Lee lost 10,700 men, 25% of his Army.

Tactical draw, strategic victory – McClellan halted Lee’s invasion. Enabled Lincoln to an- nounce his Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation 5 days later. Along with the Emancipa- tion Proclamation, caused Great Britain to rethink recognizing the C.S.A.

After AntietamLincoln Meets with McClellan and Staff

Union General Ambrose Burnside

DOMESTIC DEVELOPMENTS

Opposition and Lincoln’s Response

Peace Democrats “copperheads” Clement L. VallandighamRepublicans: moderate vs. “radical”

Lincoln’s use of executive power habeas corpus martial law Ex parte Milligan (1866)

Significant Legislation Passed in Congress

Significant Legislation Passed in Congress Morrill Tariff Act (1861)

Income tax Legal Tender Act (1862)

“greenbacks” - $430+ million

National Banking Acts (1863 & 1864) Pacific Railway Acts (1862 & 1864)

Union Pacific Railroad Co. Central Pacific Railroad Co.

Homestead Act (1862) Morrill Land Grant Act (1862) Emancipation Proclamation (1862)

Morrill Tariff Act (1861) Income tax Legal Tender Act (1862)

“greenbacks” - $430+ million

National Banking Acts (1863 & 1864) Pacific Railway Acts (1862 & 1864)

Union Pacific Railroad Co. Central Pacific Railroad Co.

Homestead Act (1862) Morrill Land Grant Act (1862) Emancipation Proclamation (1862)

New York Draft Riots -

Battle in Second Avenue(Collection of Picture Research Consultants & Archives)

Mobilizing Armies & Social Unrest

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Conscription Act(March 1863)

New York City Draft Riots (July 1863)

Recruiting station, New York Recruiting station, New York CityCity

Role of Women and Health

U.S. Sanitary Commission Dorothea Dix Nurses – Clara Barton women at home

Election of 1864

Abraham Lincoln and son Tad, February 1864(Library of Congress)

George B. McClellan

Union Party Andrew Johnson George B. McClellan

Presidential

Election of 1864

Presidential

Election of 1864

Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address March 4, 1865

A NEW BIRTH OF FREEDOM

The Civil War and African-Americans

Civil War and African-Americans Conservative Republican view Radical Republicans

Thaddeus Stevens – Rep PA Charles Sumner – Senator Mass Benjamin Wade – Senator OH

Confiscation Act “contraband of war”

Civil War and African-Americans Emancipation

Proclamation Did Lincoln “free

the slaves”? “a high crime

against the Constitution”

Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863

The Southern View of EmancipationThe Southern View of Emancipation

Civil War and African-Americans 54th Massachusetts Infantry Thirteenth Amendment

African American recruiting

poster

FROM FROM GETTYSBURG TO GETTYSBURG TO

APPOMATTOXAPPOMATTOX1863-1865

Civil War in the West

General Ulysses S. General Ulysses S. GrantGrant

• Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant• ShilohShiloh • New OrleansNew Orleans• AdmiralAdmiral David David FarragutFarragut• VicksburgVicksburg (May 19-July 4, 1863)

The War in

the West, 1863:

Vicksburg

The War in

the West, 1863:

Vicksburg

The Road to

Gettysburg 1863

The Road to

Gettysburg 1863

Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863

Decisive Battle of the War Largest Battle ever in U.S.- 172,000 troops (97,000 in Union Army of the Potomac; 75,000 Conf. Army of N. Va.) Most casualties of any battle (51,000 combined) 569 tons of ammunition Over 5,000 dead horses

GettysburgLittle Round Top, July 1863

"A Harvest of Death“: Gettysburg After the Battle

Dedication of Gettysburg National Cemetery, Nov. 1863

Gettysburg: Dedication of National Cemetery, Nov. 1863

Lincoln at Gettysburg

Lincoln’s Gettysburg AddressNovember 1863

The War in the South, 1863-1865• Chattanooga • Lookout Mountain

& Missionary Ridge (Nov. 1863)

• William T. Sherman• Atlanta (Sept. 1864)

• “March to the Sea”

Union General William T. Sherman

Ruined railway near Atlanta, destroyed by Sherman’s troops

The Progress of War: 1861-1865

The Progress of War: 1861-1865

War in the East, 1864-1865

• Wilderness Campaign (May-June 1864)

• Seige of Petersburg (June 1864-Apr 2, 1865)

• Fall of Richmond

Ulysses S. Grant at Cold Harbor Virginia, June 1864

RichmondApril 1865

After Burning by Union Forces

Richmond

April 1865

Richmond, April 1865

Surrender• Lee’s Surrender, Appomattox Court House (April 9, 1865)

McClain House, Appomattox C.H., April 1865

Surrender at Appomattox

Capture of Jefferson Davis, May 10, 1865

War Deaths

Casualties on Both SidesCasualties on Both Sides

Civil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other Wars

Civil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other Wars

GUIDING QUESTIONSGUIDING QUESTIONS•How did the Union win the How did the Union win the

war?war?

•How did the Civil War How did the Civil War change the United States change the United States politically, socially and politically, socially and economically?economically?

While the Cats are Away…

• Republicans ram through:– Homestead Act –’62– Pacific RR Act (Transcontinental) – ‘62– Morrill Tariff Act – ‘62– Freedmen’s Bureau – ’65

• Final victory of the Federalists?

IMPORTANT RESULTS OF THE CIVIL WAR

POLITICALPOLITICAL ECONOMICECONOMIC SOCIALSOCIAL

IMPORTANT RESULTS OF THE CIVIL WAR

POLITICALPOLITICAL ECONOMICECONOMIC SOCIALSOCIAL

Sources• Library of Congress – Prints and Photographs Division Online Catalog -

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pp/pphome.html

• Africans in America – PBS - http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/rb_index_hd.html

• Civil War – Ken Burns, PBS• American Civil War.com - http://americancivilwar.com/index.html• Smithsonian Institution, Online Collections -

http://civilwar.si.edu/collections.html

• Library of Congress – Online Exhibits – Gettysburg Address -http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/gadd/

• Susan Pojer, “Civil War Through Maps and Charts” www.historyteacher.net