Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
THETHE
CIVIL WARCIVIL WAR1861-1865
Adapted from Mr. Long’s Adapted from Mr. Long’s PresentationPresentation
http://apushppt.wikispaces.com/http://apushppt.wikispaces.com/
GUIDING QUESTIONSGUIDING QUESTIONS•How did the Union win the How did the Union win the
war?war?
•How did the Civil War How did the Civil War change the United States change the United States politically, socially and politically, socially and economically?economically?
THE SECESSION
CRISIS
1860Presidential
Election
1860Presidential
Election
Abraham LincolnRepublican
Abraham LincolnRepublican
John BellConstitutional Union
John BellConstitutional Union
Stephen A. DouglasNorthern DemocratStephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat
John C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat
John C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat
1860
Election
Results
1860
Election
Results
Election of 1860: Popular Vote Percentages
Secession: The Lower South
• secession• “fire-eaters”
• Confederate States of America• Jefferson Davis
Crittenden CompromiseCrittenden Compromise
Senator John J. Crittenden
Senator John J. Crittenden
Lincoln’s Inauguration, March 4, 1861
•Lincoln’s position on Lincoln’s position on secessionsecession
Lincoln’s Inauguration, Lincoln’s Inauguration, March 4, March 4, 18611861
Lincoln’s inaugural address in
front of
the Capitol
U.S. Capitol, 1860U.S. Capitol, 1860U.S. Capitol, 1860
Fort Sumter: April 12,
1861
Fort Sumter: April 12,
1861
Secession & the Upper South
Slavery & Secession% Whites in % Whites in Slave-owning Slave-owning FamiliesFamilies
% Slaves in % Slaves in PopulationPopulation
Original Confederate States 38% 47%
Upper South States that Later Joined the Confederacy
24% 32%
Border States Remaining in Union 14% 15%
Source: Henretta, et al., America’s History, 5th ed.
TWO SOCIETIES AT WAR
The Divided Nation
United States Flag in 1863
Lincoln
Feb. 23, 1861
(Library of Congress)
Lincoln by Alexander Gardner, 1861
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Confederate States of AmericaOfficial Flags
1865
1861-1863 1863-1865
Confederate Battle Flags
Eastern Army Battle Flag
Navy flag
Jefferson Davis,
President, CSA
Comparing the North & the SouthComparing the North & the South
Men Men Present Present for Duty for Duty
in the in the Civil WarCivil War
Men Men Present Present for Duty for Duty
in the in the Civil WarCivil War
Resources: North vs.
South
Resources: North vs.
South
Railroad Lines, 1860
Railroad Lines, 1860
Overviewof
Civil WarStrategy“Anaconda”
Plan
v
Aggressive Defense/Attri
tion
Overviewof
Civil WarStrategy“Anaconda”
Plan
v
Aggressive Defense/Attri
tion
•Confederacy–War of Attrition–Foreign Intervention–Influence Northern Public Opinion/Politics
–Blockade Runners–The “Trent Affair”–Cotton Embargo
Characteristics of War
•Old Methods/New Tech•Rifled Weapons•Repeating Carbines•Trench Warfare?
THE WAR IN
THE EAST
1861-1862
Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas), July, 1861
Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas), July, 1861
The Battle of the Ironclads, The Battle of the Ironclads, MMarch, 1862arch, 1862The Battle of the Ironclads, The Battle of the Ironclads, MMarch, 1862arch, 1862
The Monitor
vs.the
Merrimac
The Monitor
vs.the
Merrimac
USS Monitor Deck and Turret
The War in the East: 1861-1862
Union General George B. McClellan
Robert E. LeeGeneral, CSA
The War in the East: 1861-1862
The Battle of Antietam September 1862
Bloody Lane (Library of Congress)
Bloodiest single day of the war:
Union: 12,410 casualties, double those of D-Day (June 6, 1944)
Lee lost 10,700 men, 25% of his Army.
Tactical draw, strategic victory – McClellan halted Lee’s invasion. Enabled Lincoln to an- nounce his Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation 5 days later. Along with the Emancipa- tion Proclamation, caused Great Britain to rethink recognizing the C.S.A.
After AntietamLincoln Meets with McClellan and Staff
Union General Ambrose Burnside
DOMESTIC DEVELOPMENTS
Opposition and Lincoln’s Response
Peace Democrats “copperheads” Clement L. VallandighamRepublicans: moderate vs. “radical”
Lincoln’s use of executive power habeas corpus martial law Ex parte Milligan (1866)
Significant Legislation Passed in Congress
Significant Legislation Passed in Congress Morrill Tariff Act (1861)
Income tax Legal Tender Act (1862)
“greenbacks” - $430+ million
National Banking Acts (1863 & 1864) Pacific Railway Acts (1862 & 1864)
Union Pacific Railroad Co. Central Pacific Railroad Co.
Homestead Act (1862) Morrill Land Grant Act (1862) Emancipation Proclamation (1862)
Morrill Tariff Act (1861) Income tax Legal Tender Act (1862)
“greenbacks” - $430+ million
National Banking Acts (1863 & 1864) Pacific Railway Acts (1862 & 1864)
Union Pacific Railroad Co. Central Pacific Railroad Co.
Homestead Act (1862) Morrill Land Grant Act (1862) Emancipation Proclamation (1862)
New York Draft Riots -
Battle in Second Avenue(Collection of Picture Research Consultants & Archives)
Mobilizing Armies & Social Unrest
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Conscription Act(March 1863)
New York City Draft Riots (July 1863)
Recruiting station, New York Recruiting station, New York CityCity
Role of Women and Health
U.S. Sanitary Commission Dorothea Dix Nurses – Clara Barton women at home
Election of 1864
Abraham Lincoln and son Tad, February 1864(Library of Congress)
George B. McClellan
Union Party Andrew Johnson George B. McClellan
Presidential
Election of 1864
Presidential
Election of 1864
Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address March 4, 1865
A NEW BIRTH OF FREEDOM
The Civil War and African-Americans
Civil War and African-Americans Conservative Republican view Radical Republicans
Thaddeus Stevens – Rep PA Charles Sumner – Senator Mass Benjamin Wade – Senator OH
Confiscation Act “contraband of war”
Civil War and African-Americans Emancipation
Proclamation Did Lincoln “free
the slaves”? “a high crime
against the Constitution”
Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863
The Southern View of EmancipationThe Southern View of Emancipation
Civil War and African-Americans 54th Massachusetts Infantry Thirteenth Amendment
African American recruiting
poster
FROM FROM GETTYSBURG TO GETTYSBURG TO
APPOMATTOXAPPOMATTOX1863-1865
Civil War in the West
General Ulysses S. General Ulysses S. GrantGrant
• Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant• ShilohShiloh • New OrleansNew Orleans• AdmiralAdmiral David David FarragutFarragut• VicksburgVicksburg (May 19-July 4, 1863)
The War in
the West, 1863:
Vicksburg
The War in
the West, 1863:
Vicksburg
The Road to
Gettysburg 1863
The Road to
Gettysburg 1863
Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863
Decisive Battle of the War Largest Battle ever in U.S.- 172,000 troops (97,000 in Union Army of the Potomac; 75,000 Conf. Army of N. Va.) Most casualties of any battle (51,000 combined) 569 tons of ammunition Over 5,000 dead horses
GettysburgLittle Round Top, July 1863
"A Harvest of Death“: Gettysburg After the Battle
Dedication of Gettysburg National Cemetery, Nov. 1863
Gettysburg: Dedication of National Cemetery, Nov. 1863
Lincoln at Gettysburg
Lincoln’s Gettysburg AddressNovember 1863
The War in the South, 1863-1865• Chattanooga • Lookout Mountain
& Missionary Ridge (Nov. 1863)
• William T. Sherman• Atlanta (Sept. 1864)
• “March to the Sea”
Union General William T. Sherman
Ruined railway near Atlanta, destroyed by Sherman’s troops
The Progress of War: 1861-1865
The Progress of War: 1861-1865
War in the East, 1864-1865
• Wilderness Campaign (May-June 1864)
• Seige of Petersburg (June 1864-Apr 2, 1865)
• Fall of Richmond
Ulysses S. Grant at Cold Harbor Virginia, June 1864
RichmondApril 1865
After Burning by Union Forces
Richmond
April 1865
Richmond, April 1865
Surrender• Lee’s Surrender, Appomattox Court House (April 9, 1865)
McClain House, Appomattox C.H., April 1865
Surrender at Appomattox
Capture of Jefferson Davis, May 10, 1865
War Deaths
Casualties on Both SidesCasualties on Both Sides
Civil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other Wars
Civil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other Wars
GUIDING QUESTIONSGUIDING QUESTIONS•How did the Union win the How did the Union win the
war?war?
•How did the Civil War How did the Civil War change the United States change the United States politically, socially and politically, socially and economically?economically?
While the Cats are Away…
• Republicans ram through:– Homestead Act –’62– Pacific RR Act (Transcontinental) – ‘62– Morrill Tariff Act – ‘62– Freedmen’s Bureau – ’65
• Final victory of the Federalists?
IMPORTANT RESULTS OF THE CIVIL WAR
POLITICALPOLITICAL ECONOMICECONOMIC SOCIALSOCIAL
IMPORTANT RESULTS OF THE CIVIL WAR
POLITICALPOLITICAL ECONOMICECONOMIC SOCIALSOCIAL
Sources• Library of Congress – Prints and Photographs Division Online Catalog -
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pp/pphome.html
• Africans in America – PBS - http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/rb_index_hd.html
• Civil War – Ken Burns, PBS• American Civil War.com - http://americancivilwar.com/index.html• Smithsonian Institution, Online Collections -
http://civilwar.si.edu/collections.html
• Library of Congress – Online Exhibits – Gettysburg Address -http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/gadd/
• Susan Pojer, “Civil War Through Maps and Charts” www.historyteacher.net
