The Second World War and the Cold War

H/OPre-war attitudes

IsolationismNeutrality Act (1935)

Gradual shift toward involvement

Cash and Carry

Destroyer Deal

Lend-Lease Act (repealed Neutrality Act)

Relations with JapanJapanese fears

concerning resources, etc.

Pearl HarborU.S. Enters War

The Home Front

Some important wartime agencies

War Production BoardOrganized and coordinated industries to make quick, efficient transition to production of war materials.

No consumer autos were built during war.

Office of War InformationResponsible for maintaining morale – positive propaganda

Office of Price Administration

Set prices, rationed goods, fought inflation and black market – assured military

needs were met

War Labor Board

Settled disputes between business and labor Avoided strikes and maintained morale

Fair Employment Practices Committee

Prevented employer discrimination against workersFoundation for the civil rights movement of the 1950s

H/O

Conduct of warTwo front war for the U.S.

Europe first(See War Strategy H/O)

World War II Allies

Included Great Britain, Free France, the USSR, and nationalist China.

ConferencesCasablanca, Cairo, Teheran: Planned war strategy

Yalta: (1945) planned post-war strategies

Postwar PeriodService men’s readjustment act of 1944 (GI Bill)

The United NationsOrganization favored big winners

H/OPost-War

The Cold War

The Truman DoctrinePledged aid to Greece and TurkeyContainment policyIntended to keep communism within its original borders

Marshall PlanOffered recovery assistance to all European countries

Communist countries declined

Berlin BlockadeSoviets block land access U.S. responds by air

NATODesigned to block or contain Communists, especially Soviet, expansion

Ignored George Washington’s advice against permanent alliances

H/OCold War

Communist victory in China

Nationalists flee to Taiwan

Government there recognized as China by the United States and the U.N. until Nixon

Korean War

Communist North Korea attacks South Korea, the U.N. responds

Armistice terms restore status quo

SEATOSoutheast Asia Treaty Organization is the Pacific equivalent to NATO

France, Dien Bien Phu, and our involvement in Vietnam

Antiwar demonstrations and Jane Fonda

Hungarian Revolt

Soviets crush Hungarian revolution

Aswan DamSoviets assist Egypt in building the dam

U.S. and Britain offered first but withdrew the offer

Suez Canal seizureEgypt takes control, France, Britain and Israel invade, U.S. and Soviets stop them

Superpower “diplomacy” at work

Eisenhower Doctrine

Offers aid to Middle Eastern countries who feel threatened by communism

U-2 incidentU.S. spy plane shot down

over Soviet territory

Independence of African nations

Civil Wars break out all over

Cuban Revolution

Castro takes over, announces communist regime, relations with the U.S. deteriorate

Bay of PigsCuban refugees, backed by the United States fail to overthrow Castro

Berlin WallSoviets seal off East Berlin with physical Wall

Cuban Missile CrisisSoviets attempt to place missiles in Cuba. The U.S. blockades

The “Hotline”Direct link between U.S. and USSR intended to divert nuclear disasterFirst used during six day war

Nuclear test ban treaty

Allowed only underground testing

Outer Space treaty

Banned the military bases weapons and weapons tests in outer space

Nuclear nonproliferation treaty

Banned the spread of nuclear weapons among signatory nations

1969. Nixon’s visit to China

Communist China had already become the U.N. member, now President Nixon’s visit opened new friendly relations with this huge nation

Detente1972-President Nixon visited Moscow and signed several agreements including the anti-ballistic missile treaty

The Cold War eased

The Reagan RevolutionThe West wins the Cold War

The Gorbachev influenceThe I.N.F. Treaty

H/O

1980 ElectionIssues

DebatesHostage crisis

Reagan and Communism

Evil Empire

Nicaragua

Latin America

Granada

1988 ElectionCandidates and issues

Bush policiesDesert Storm and Middle East policy

economicscivil rights