Upload
amriteshwarsingh
View
78
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The Early Middle Ages
7th to the 10th Century
Roman Empire DeclineGerman Invasions Affecting Artistic
Development and Other
Radical Changes in Social &Political Organizations
In addition to the German invasions were those from Islam.
Islamic Art
Idolatry forbidden Consisted mainly of abstracts, floral patterns,
or other geometric objects Sculpture almost nonexistent Abundance of monumental architecture &
architectural decorations
Islamic Art Expressions
Mosque: A place to pray and face
towards Mecca Sahn: enclosed
courtyard that all mosques have.
Qibla: prayer wall Mihrab: small nitche to
indicate the direction of Mecca.
Exterior: Tall minarets Large and elaborate
Hagia Sophia changed into a mosque
Islam
Islam means “submission to God’s will” Founded by the prophet Muhammed Message is “brotherhood of Man” & equality before
God (Allah) Differs from Christianity
No priesthood, no religious hierarchy, sacraments or requirements of literagy
Does include rulers and leaders in prayer
Islamic Instruction
Faithfully conduct their daily lives Circumcise male infants Pray to Allah five times a day facing Mecca. Worship in the mosque on Fridays Give to the poor, Fast and practice
abstinence in the daylight during Ramaden Allowed multiple wives
The Great Mosque, Cordoba
Mosque built in capital city Striking example of Islamic art Double arches first used here
were duplicated in additions. (11.1,11.2, 11.3 & 11.4)
Christians later turned this into a cathedral but it still conveys the original orientation of Islam.
Northern European Art
Influenced by the Germanic tribes New focus on artistic and political activities No monumental structure, paintings or
sculpture was done to the constant invasions Invaders stimulated a new craft. . .
Metalwork designs and techniques
Anglo-Saxon Metalwork
Purse cover from the 17th century.
Found among a pagan ship wreckage treasures suggesting royalty
Is of gold decoration; cloisonne enamel originally on ivory or bone & dark red garnets.
Early Christian intelace designs and Near Eastern motifs
SuttonHoo purse cover from East Anglia, England, 630 AD
Merging animal forms suggest invasion
Beowulf
Earliest surviving European epic
German folklore with strong Christian morality.
A strange king child found adrift Denmark “Scyld Scefing”
Famed was this Beowulf: far flew the boast of him,
son of Scyld, in the Scandian lands.So becomes it a youth
to quit him wellwith his father's friends,
by fee and gift,that to aid him, aged, in after days,
come warriors willing, should war draw nigh,
liegemen loyal: by lauded deedsshall an earl have honor
in every clan.
Hiberno-Saxon Art
Ireland escaped invasions at this time St. Patrick spread Christianity throughout
Ireland and for years later it became a haven for scholars, missionaries, monasteries, . .
Christian art also prevailed across Ireland. Style has been called Insular and Hiberno-Saxon
(Hiberno is Latin for “Ireland”)
Manuscript Illumination
Illuminated manuscripts produced by monks in monasteries.
Illustrated the Word of God; Visual pleasures
Used a strict unity of color and form.
Crisp, clear sometines contrasting colors; flat surfaces; patterning
Lion Symbol of St. John, from the Book of Durrow, After AD650. Represents St. John, Evangelist as a lion . . . .later an eagle.
Carolingian Period
Book of Kells Corresponds with the crowning of
Charles the Great-Roman empr.
Charlemagne ruled over the Holy Roman Empire and surrounding territories and revived culture.
Network of learning was created Latin manuscript texts. . .7LibArts
11.7 Tunc Crucifixerant XPI, from the Book of Kells (Matthew 27:38) Then they crucified Christ & with him two thieves
Manuscripts
Charlemagne’s rule involved the Roman revival of culture with manuscripts
Manuscripts worked towards development of a practical form of portable artistic and educational communication
They continued after Charlemagne’s death but more apocalyptic approach Flatter space, figures connected by geometric design
rather than landscapes.
Revelation & the Four Symbols of Evangelsits
Revelation-last book of the New Testament
Written by St. John John’s account of Christ’s word
in his appearance to him. Visionary work with scripture,
literary tradition and symbols: lion, bull, man, eagle.
Lion: St. Mark; Bull: St. Luke; Man: St. Matthew, Eagle: St. John.
11.8 Four Evangelists, from a Carolingian Gospel Book
Monasteries
Each monastery: School Network for artists and
scholars to communicate.
Religious and Administrative Center for economic functions
Communal living quarters for Monks
Plans for monstery of St.Gall, Switzerland; plan placed church in the center; building around in order of importance of education
Ottonian Period
Charlemagne’s grandsons were ineffective rulers of the European reign & fell to invaders.
After the Vikings takeover, the Saxons crowned Otto I as Otto the Great, emperor.
Ottonian refers to rulers named Otto who worked to continue Charlemagne’s revival of Classical antiquity.
Major Works of the Ottonian Period
Architectural work: Benedictine abbey
church of St. Michael’s
Metalwork at Hildesheim