Chapter 11Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact

500-1500

Section 1 – The Byzantine Empire

The New Rome Empire was divided in

395 In 527, Justinian took

over the Easto Sought to make the West

great againo Took Rome back from the

Germanic tribes (changed hands 6 times in 16 years)

Even though they took back Italy, the East had become the “New Rome”

Justinian Code One of Justinian’s first acts will

be to update the laws of the Byzantine Empireo Used a panel of experts to

compile the 4 parts Final product had 4 parts

o Code – 5000 Roman laws that were carried over

o Digest – Summarized the opinions of top thinkers about laws

o Institutes – law textbook for how to use the law

o Novellae – the new laws The new code would provide a

model for international law

Empress Theodora Worked her way up

from poverty to marry Justinian in 525

Extremely influentialo Met with foreign

leaderso Helped write laws that

greatly improved the status of women

After her death, Justinian never passed another major law

Changing the Capital Justinian sought to

rebuild Constantinople

Focused on Church buildingo Hagia Sophia was his

greatest achievement Most significantly,

Byzantine culture preserved Greco-Roman culture because of their interest in learning/arts

Byzantine Culture The Byzantine Empire

embraced Greco-Roman cultureo They will preserve

traditions, language, religion, and literature

The art from the Byzantine Empire will focus on religion

As a result, the East will keep Christianity alive when the West couldn’t

The East Falls Justinian’s death

triggered the slow collapse of the Empireo Bubonic plague was

killing 10,000/day Location put them under

constant attackso Used diplomacy to try to

keep the empire together After centuries of

struggling to stay alive, Constantinople fell in 1453

Division of the Church The cultural differences

between East/West also affected religion

Arguments over things like whether icons could be used led to the East/West religious leaders excommunicating each other in 1054o Orthodox in the Byzantine

Empire (the East)– led by emperor

o Catholic in the Roman Empire (West) – led by the pope

And Now…

Chapter 11 Crossword Byzantine Timeline Worksheet

Midterm Study Guide Midterm Review Games

Warm-up #7.1 (11.1)1. ______ ____, created by the

Byzantine Empire, became a model for international law.

2. Christianity survived when the Roman Empire collapsed because of what new empire?

3. In 1054, the Roman pope and Byzantine patriarch __________ each other over the issue of _______.

4. Empress ________ will be extremely influential during Justinian’s rule for her contribution to female equality.

1. Justinian’s Code

2. Byzantine3. Excommunicat

ed; icons

4. Theodora

Section 2 – The Russian Empire

Russia’s Birth Because of the crossroads

of trade networks, the Slavs in Northern Europe embraced Greek Byzantine cultureo This will affect their religion,

language, and architecture Originally went from the

Urals to the Baltic and south to the Black Sea

Originally inhabited by tribes who spoke the same language but were not united

Growth Originally the Slavs were

controlled by the Vikings Eventually, Kiev became

the capital because it offered quick access to trade routeso Trade linked northern

Europe with the Byzantine Empire

Vladimir will be responsible for converting Russia to Christianity (Eastern Orthodox)

Kiev’s Power Kiev will be the center

of growth for Russia Vladimir initially

expands to Poland 1019 – Yaroslav the

Wise takes Kiev to greater heightso diplomacy and

marriages to achieve peace and power

o Legal Code to make trading more secure (like Justinian)

Fall of Kiev Started with the death

of Yaroslav in 1054 Crucial error

o Divided the realm among his sons• Sons go to war with

each other

In addition, the Crusades disrupted trade

Just when things couldn’t get worse…

Mongol Invasions 1200s, Mongols, led by

Genghis Khan, left Asia for Europeo Savage brutality

At their peak, they controlled China, Mongolia, and Russia all the way to the Baltic Sea

1240, Genghis’ grandson demolished Kievo “No eye remained to

weep”

Mongol Rule over Russia

200 years of Mongol control over Russia became known as the “Khanate of the Golden Horde”

Left Russian customs (religion) alone as long as:o Absolute obedienceo Pay tribute

Result of Mongol control: isolation from the West

Russian Revolution The Russian

princes gathered respect and power from the Mongol controllers slowly but steadily

Ivan I moved the capital to Moscow where they slowly grew in wealth and power

An Empire Begins Ivan III will introduce the

Russian Empire Took power and

immediately challenged Mongol controlo Named himself Czar

(Russian Caesar)o Refused to pay tributeo Raised an army to fight

Mongols Both armies will square

off but refuse to fight and return homeo Russia counts this as their

moment of liberation

And now… Review Vocabulary Terms (Chapt

er 11) Take Chapter 11 Vocabulary Quiz Finish Chapter 11 Worksheet

o You will need the book to get some of the details (starts on page 307)