Expenditures, Employment, Wages, Tax Revenue

Direct, Indirect, Induced Effects Social and Cultural Benefits

Arts Historic Preservation Multiculturalism Environmental Quality Traditional Ways of Life Sense of Place

Impact Research

Knowledge-Based PlatformRock of Cashel

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

719

60

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

Mill

ions

International Arrivals Holiday Visits

International Visitors to Ireland

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1969

1974

1979

1984

1989

1994

1999

2004

Tho

usan

dsRock of Cashel Visitors

Cashel Business Structure

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1930

1935

1940

1945

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

Nu

mb

er o

f B

usi

nes

ses

Total Businesses

Tra

de W

ar w

/Eng

land

“Fru

gal C

omfo

rt”

Lem

ass

Eco

nom

ic R

efor

m

EU

Acc

essi

on

CA

P R

efor

m

“Cel

tic

Tig

er

Tourism Businesses

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1930

1935

1940

1945

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

Nu

mb

er o

f B

usi

nes

ses

Total Businesses Tourism Businesses

3% 15%

12%

Tourism Growth and Business Structure

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1930

1935

1940

1945

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

Nu

mb

er o

f B

usi

nes

ses

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Th

ousa

nd

s of

Vis

itor

s

Total Businesses Rock of Cashel Visitors

26% Decline

117% Increase

Still a Market Town?

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1930

1935

1940

1945

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

Nu

mb

er o

f B

usi

nes

ses

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Ind

ex

Total Businesses Agricultural Price Index

Why Hasn’t Tourism Worked?

Still a Viable Agriculture Sector

• Golden Vale• Cashel Cattle Mart• Horse Farms

Tourism Infrastructure

• Small Bed Base• Dense Downtown• Day Visitation

Community Cooperation

• Lack of Cooperation• Community Factionalism?• Community Capital

Diversity of Adaptive Strategies

• In Addition to Agriculture:• Health Care Sector• Pharmaceutical Industries

Entitlement?

• Health Care• Industrial Development Authority• State and EU Money for Tourism

“The communities did not become civic simply because they were rich. The historical record strongly suggests precisely the opposite: They have become rich because they were civic. The social capital embodied in norms and networks of civic engagement seems to be a precondition for economic development, as well as for effective government.” (Putnam, 1993)