16.2War in the East

Eric Badillo, Vince Bobbitt, Joe Martens, Joe Nelson

The First Battle of Bull Run

Joe Nelson & Vince Bobbitt

Facts• People came to watch battle in a holiday mood, happy and cheery, they thought the Union was going to pull off a quick win• Union had 35,000 barely trained soldiers led by Brigade Gen. Irvin McDowell • Confederate had 22,000 troops• For 2 days, Union troops tried to avoid Confederate troops and cross the creek Bull Run, and Confederates got reinforcements at the time• July 21, 1861- battle began•   “There is Jackson standing like a stone wall!” cried one southern officer, and General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson earned his famous nickname.

Facts Continued• The Confederates let out their “rebel yell” • It was really terrifying and many Union soldiers fled• Union soldiers tried to retreat orderly, but road was clogged

with spectators• The First Battle of Bull Run was the first major battle of the

Civil War, and the Confederates’ victory. • The battle is also known as the First Battle of Manassas• Shattered the North’s hopes of winning the war quickly

The Result•The loss at Bull Run persuaded Lincoln to get a better army, so he put hopes in General George B. McClellan•McClellan assembled an army of 100,000 men and trained them•The army was called the Army of the Potomac

The Seven Days’ Battles

Joe Martens

Peninsular Campaign• Peninsular Campaign – General George B. McClellan’s

plan to capture Richmond, the Confederate capitol• Moved slowly in the peninsula between the James &

York Rivers• South feared reinforcements – sent Stonewall Jackson

to attack Washington• Attack stopped, but prevented Union

reinforcements

Seven Days’ Battles• Robert E. Lee became commander of the Confederate

Army in Virginia in 1862• Attacked the Union Army near Richmond – Seven Days’ Battles• Forced Union Army to retreat • Lee saved Richmond• Not all attacks won by Confederates: General D. H.

Hill said of one failed attack, “It was not war—it was murder”

The Second Battle of Bull Run

Joe Nelson

Second Battle Of Bull Run• After the Seven Days’ Battles, Lincoln told General John

Pope to march on Richmond• Pope told his soldiers, “Let us look before us and not

behind. Success and glory are in the advance.”• Stonewall Jackson wanted to stop Pope from reaching

the Army of the Potomac • They met up and fought the Second Battle of Bull Run

The Second Battle Of Bull Run Continued• First Day-Captain George Fairfield recalled, “What a

slaughter! No one appeared to know the object of the fight, and there we stood for one hour, the men falling all around.”• Second day-Pope tried to crush Confederates, but failed,

heavy casualties occurred on both sides• Third Day- Union got crushed very hard

Result • Confederates won a great victory• Robert E. Lee decided to take the war to the North• Tried to get victory on Northern soil• BAM!• Antietam happened!

Battle of AntietamJoe Martens

Robert E. Lee• Born in 1807 in Virginia• Fought in Mexican-American War

• After start of Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln asked him if he would like to lead the Union Army• Lee declined and, after resigning from the Union

Army, became general for Confederate Army

Battle Plan • Confederate General Robert E. Lee wanted victory in

North• On September 4, 1862, 40,000 Confederate troops came

into Maryland, a Union state• Lee divided army: about 20,000 troops went to Harpers

Ferry, Virginia under Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, defeated the Union force and captured the town• Lee and his half of the army went to Fredrick, Maryland

and Lee issued a Proclamation to the People of Maryland; to try to get the townspeople to join the Confederates• However, the people stayed with the Union

• Union troops found a copy of Lee’s plan, left at an abandoned camp

Meeting Up• General George B. McClellan’s Union forces met Lee’s

Confederate troops along Antietam Creek in Maryland on September 17, 1862• Battle lasted for a day• Union lost 12,000 soldiers• Confederacy lost 13,000 men

• The Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest single-day battle in United States history• Also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg• More soldiers killed or wounded than combined deaths of

Americans in the American Revolution, the War of 1812, and the Mexican-American War • Important Union victory - stopped Lee’s northern

advance

Breaking the Union’s Blockade

Eric Badillo

• Fought for control of the land • The Union navy controlled the sea

• North had most of the U.S. Navy’s small fleet• Naval officers remained loyal to Union• Had enough industry to build more ships• Navy quickly mobilized to set up a blockade of southern ports• Prevented South from selling or receiving goods• Hard to maintain - Union navy patrolled thousands of miles

of coastline from Virginia to Texas• South used small, fast ships to out-run the larger Union

warships• Naval fleet traveled to the Bahamas or Nassau

• Reduced number of ships entering southern ports (6,000 to 800 per year)

Breaking the Union’s Blockade

Clash of the Ironclads• Confederacy turned to ironclads • ships made with iron

• Confederates captured Union steamship• The Merrimack (Union steamship) turned into an ironclad and

renamed the Virginia • sank two Union wooden warships

• The Union navy built its own ironclad called the Monitor • Built by John Ericsson with unusual and new features • Powerful weapons and thick plating

• The Virginia and the Monitor fought and the Monitor forced the Virginia to retreat• Victory saved Union fleet - continued the blockade • The ironclads made a revolution of iron naval warfare

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