AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS ERITREAERITREA

ContentsContentsCountry BackgroundCountry BackgroundAgricultural Statistics in EritreaAgricultural Statistics in EritreaFarming SystemsFarming Systems

Country BackgroundCountry Background

Eritrea is an East-African countryEritrea is an East-African countryTotal area of 124,000 km2 Total area of 124,000 km2 Population estimate of 3.8 millionPopulation estimate of 3.8 millionBordered by:-Bordered by:-– The Red sea:- Northeast and EastThe Red sea:- Northeast and East– Djibouti:- SoutheastDjibouti:- Southeast– Ethiopia:- SouthEthiopia:- South– Sudan:- West and NorthwestSudan:- West and Northwest

Main Agro-Ecological ZonesMain Agro-Ecological ZonesCentral Highland (>1,500 m.a.s.l)Central Highland (>1,500 m.a.s.l)Western Escarpment (600-1,500 m.a.s.l)Western Escarpment (600-1,500 m.a.s.l)Southwestern Lowland (600-750 m.a.s.l)Southwestern Lowland (600-750 m.a.s.l)Northwestern Lowland (400-1,500 Northwestern Lowland (400-1,500 m.a.s.lm.a.s.l))Green Belt (750-2,000 m.a.s.l)Green Belt (750-2,000 m.a.s.l)Costal Plain (0-600 m.a.s.l)Costal Plain (0-600 m.a.s.l)

Agro-ecological MapAgro-ecological Map

NRS

DebubDebub

Administrative Regions (Zobas)NRS Anseba

SRS Gash-BarkaDebub Maekel

Mixed Cereal/Pulse SystemMixed Cereal/Pulse System

In the Green Belt zoneIn the Green Belt zoneMixed system including permanent Mixed system including permanent tree cropstree cropsThis zone used as seasonal This zone used as seasonal transhumance for agro-pastoraliststranshumance for agro-pastoralistsAverage annual rainfall 700-1000mmAverage annual rainfall 700-1000mmDense coniferous dorestDense coniferous dorest

RainfallRainfall

Two PrecipitationsTwo Precipitations June – SeptemberJune – September

Western Lowlands and HighlandsWestern Lowlands and Highlands October –MarchOctober –March

Eastern LowlandsEastern Lowlands

Range varies Range varies – 200 mm in the Coastal plains200 mm in the Coastal plains– 1000 mm in the Eastern Escarpment1000 mm in the Eastern Escarpment

Generally rainfall in Eritrea is torrential Generally rainfall in Eritrea is torrential and erraticand erratic

Agricultural Statistics Agricultural Statistics Agricultural data collection is weakAgricultural data collection is weakInadequate technical expertiseInadequate technical expertise absence of Sampling Frameabsence of Sampling Frame Shortage of financial resourcesShortage of financial resourcesInadequate trained manpower for Inadequate trained manpower for

collection, analysis and interpretationcollection, analysis and interpretation

Currently agri-data are organized by Currently agri-data are organized by the MOA and Zobasthe MOA and Zobas

Crop DataCrop DataCrop Assessment Survey (main source)Crop Assessment Survey (main source)Conducted every year starting 1992Conducted every year starting 1992 Quantitative forecast of crop productionQuantitative forecast of crop production tentative and not very accuratetentative and not very accurate

Crop in the fieldCrop in the field Rapid and subjective methodsRapid and subjective methods Based on interview of sample of farmersBased on interview of sample of farmers No objective measurement usedNo objective measurement used

According the crop assessment survey According the crop assessment survey Eritrea is a “food deficit” countryEritrea is a “food deficit” country

Crop Production 1992 - 2006Crop Production 1992 - 2006YearYear Area Area

(ha)(ha) Prod Prod (ton)(ton) Yield Yield

(ton/ha)(ton/ha) Mean Mean (mm)(mm)

19921992 327,200327,200 262,400262,400 0.800.80 42342319931993 395,600395,600 98,05098,050 0.250.25 35035019941994 362,960362,960 266,570266,570 0.730.73 48748719951995 349,430349,430 141,626141,626 0.410.41 44444419961996 371,364371,364 96,91696,916 0.260.26 38738719971997 393,403393,403 102,913102,913 0.260.26 52352319981998 500,162500,162 472,193472,193 0.940.94 45345319991999 472,428472,428 340,845340,845 0.720.72 39439420002000 358,696358,696 133,211133,211 0.370.37 31231220012001 386,696386,696 237,991237,991 0.620.62 37337320022002 393,267393,267 64,29064,290 0.160.16 25725720032003 468,093468,093 115,330115,330 0.250.25 28828820042004 421,969421,969 89,25489,254 0.210.21 23723720052005 521,889521,889 386,535386,535 0.740.74 32932920062006 532,969532,969 431,549431,549 0.800.80

6%

8%

6%6% 1%

47%

14%

12%

Sorghum Barley Wheat Taff P/millet F/millet Maize Hanfes

Main crop coverage (Average of 1992-06)Main crop coverage (Average of 1992-06)

Livestock DataLivestock Data Most livestock producers –SubsistenceMost livestock producers –Subsistence

50% of cattle herd found in Gash-Barka 50% of cattle herd found in Gash-Barka RegionRegion

Livestock Census conducted – 1997Livestock Census conducted – 1997

Livestock Population Livestock Population (MOA Livestock Population Census 1997)(MOA Livestock Population Census 1997)

Description Maekel Debub Anseba G/Barka S.K.B D.K.B Total

Cattle 40,505 490,093 217,923 917,344 178,532 82,060 1,926,457

Sheep 149,927 614,069 124,300 675,268 462,333 103,047 2,128,944

Goats 23,556 706,409 620,023 1,745,784 994,596 571,417 4,661,785

Camels   19,382 25,266 113,263 107,032 53,971 318,914

Horses 1,188 3,392   493     5,073

Donkeys 23,432 162,987 60,580 174,725 61,140 21,198 504,062

Mules 56 7,324 1,023 921     9,324

Poultry 86,425 512,776 78,247 423,898 26,867 6,052 1,134,265

Bees 1,370 19,553 1,327 3,439 723   26,412

Market DataMarket DataMarket prices are collected by Market prices are collected by different institutionsdifferent institutions

Agricultural Marketing Can be Agricultural Marketing Can be Classified asClassified as Livestock MarketingLivestock Marketing Dairy MarketingDairy Marketing Poultry and Egg MarketingPoultry and Egg Marketing Horticulture MarketingHorticulture Marketing Field Crop MarketingField Crop Marketing

Livestock MarketingLivestock Marketing

Long and complex channelsLong and complex channelsPoor trekking routesPoor trekking routesMOA promoting transport by vehiclesMOA promoting transport by vehiclesPoor market facilitiesPoor market facilitiesPoor Handling of Hides & SkinsPoor Handling of Hides & SkinsInaccuracy in price collectionInaccuracy in price collection– Animal qualityAnimal quality– TimeTime

Dairy MarketingDairy Marketing

About 10,000 dairiesAbout 10,000 dairiesRise steadily be/n 1991 and 1997 but Rise steadily be/n 1991 and 1997 but fallen backfallen backHigh demand for milk & milk productsHigh demand for milk & milk productsHigh price of milkHigh price of milkAsmara dairy factoryAsmara dairy factory

Poultry and Egg MarketingPoultry and Egg MarketingDivided into two sectorsDivided into two sectors– BackyardBackyard– CommercialCommercialMarketed through urban retail Marketed through urban retail marketsmarkets– FarmersFarmers– TradersTradersChickens are sold liveChickens are sold liveNo grading for eggsNo grading for eggs

Horticulture MarketingHorticulture MarketingMarketing channels vary according to Marketing channels vary according to crop and Regioncrop and RegionMostly delivered directly to markets by Mostly delivered directly to markets by farmersfarmers37% of banana products sold to traders 37% of banana products sold to traders at farm gateat farm gateFruit trade is dominated by wholesalersFruit trade is dominated by wholesalersGood market facilitiesGood market facilities

Field Crop MarketingField Crop MarketingSubsistence farmersSubsistence farmersMarketing channelsMarketing channels– Farmer to consumerFarmer to consumer– Farmer to trader/village collectorsFarmer to trader/village collectors– Farmer to Eritrean Grain BoardFarmer to Eritrean Grain BoardImport of field crops is commonImport of field crops is commonPrices rises from time to timePrices rises from time to time

Main Farming SystemsMain Farming Systems

Sedentary rain fed cereal/pulses Sedentary rain fed cereal/pulses systemsystemMixed cereal/pulse systemMixed cereal/pulse systemAgro-pastoralismAgro-pastoralismNomadic pastoralist systemNomadic pastoralist systemSpate irrigation farming systemSpate irrigation farming systemCommercial farming systemCommercial farming system

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