Cells Structure/Function, Active/Passive Transport, & Photosynthesis/Cell Respiration TEST REVIEW!

Test is on Tuesday, January 27th

What are the 3 parts to the cell theory?

• All living things are made of one or more cells.• The cell is the smallest unit of life.• All new cells come from pre-existing cells.• *The cell theory was developed by

observations from several scientists.

What scientists contributed to the cell theory?

• Robert Hooke• Matthias Schleiden• Theodor Schwann• Rudolf Virchow• Zacharias Jansen• Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Cell Functions

• Rigid, outermost structure that protects the plant cell: ______________

• Controls what goes in and out of the cell: _________

• Gel-like material that holds cell organelles: ________

• Brain of the cell, controls functions: ______________

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Cell Functions

• Found in the nucleus, produces ribosomes: ________

• Controls what goes in and out of the nucleus: ______

• In plant cells, used during photosynthesis: ________

• Receives, packages, and transports protein: _______

Nucleolus

Nuclear Membrane

Chloroplasts

Golgi body

Cell Functions

• Produces energy for the cell: _____________

• Contains DNA & carries genetic info: ________

• Produces proteins: ___________

• Pathways with ribosomes: _____________

Mitochondria

Chromatin

Ribosomes

Rough ER

Cell Functions

• Pathways without ribosomes: ____________

• Break down large food particles: __________

• Involved with cell division: _______________

• Storage area, holds water, wastes, food: _______

Smooth ER

Lysosomes

Centriole

Vacuole

Label the Plant Cell:

1

2 3 4

5

6

7

89

10

Label the Animal Cell:12

3

4

5 6

7

8

9

What are the differences between plant and animal cells?

• Plant cells: chloroplasts and cell wall• Animal cells: lysosomes and centrioles• Plant cells: square; Animal cells: round• Vacuole is bigger in the plant cell and the

animal cell has many smaller vacuoles.

What are the differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

• Eukaryotes = nucleus• Prokaryotes = no nucleus • (Hint: pro rhymes with no, so no nucleus in

prokaryotes)

What does it mean to be “selectively permeable”?

• Some substances can pass through, while others cannot pass through.

How do molecules move in passive transport?

• Passive transport: move from high to low concentration (no energy – going downhill)

How do molecules move in active transport?

• Active transport: move from low to high concentration (needs energy – going uphill)

What are three examples of passive transport?

• Diffusion• Osmosis• Facilitated Diffusion

What is Diffusion?

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration.

What is Osmosis?

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.

What is Facilitated Diffusion?

Facilitated Diffusion is a type of diffusion that uses special transport proteins (channel & carrier proteins).

What are two examples of Active Transport?

1. Endocytosis

2. Exocytosis

What is Endocytosis?

Endocytosis is the cell taking in a substance.

(Endo enter) Engulfing is an example of this.

What is Exocytosis?

Exocytosis is the process during which a cell’s vesicles release their contents outside the cell. (Exo exit)

Interpret active and passive transport diagrams:

Active Transport: low to high

concentration

Shows the substances moving

Equilibrium has been reached, an even

amount on each side

Interpret active and passive transport diagrams:

Passive Transport – high to low

concentration, going downhill, using no

energy.

Active Transport – low to high

concentration, going uphill, using energy.

Interpret active and passive transport diagrams:

This is an example of

endocytosis. An amoeba

is engulfing a white blood

cell.

Interpret active and passive transport diagrams:

This is an example of equilibrium. Over time, the molecules become evenly dispersed above and below the cell membrane.

Interpret active and passive transport diagrams:

This is an example of facilitated diffusion

because of the special transport proteins.

What is cellular respiration?

• A series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a useable form of energy called ATP.

What is photosynthesis?

• A series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into the food-energy molecule glucose and gives off oxygen.

What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

Write the equation for cellular respiration:

C6H12O6  + 6O2 -----> 6CO2  + 6H20 + energy (ATP) (sugar) (oxygen) (carbon dioxide) (water)

Reactants Products

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis:

Reactants Products

In what cell structure does photosynthesis occur?

• Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts.

In what cell structure does cellular respiration occur?

1st stage: Cytoplasm2nd stage: Mitochondria

What is Glycolysis?

Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is broken down into smaller molecules.

What is Fermentation?

Fermentation is a reaction cells can use to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low.

Different Types of Fermentation

• Lactic Acid Fermentation: C6H12O6 ATP + Lactic Acid

• Alcohol Fermentation:C6H12O6 ATP + CO2 + Alcohol

Reactants

Reactants

Products

Products

For more review…

• Complete the study guide handed out to you in class by Ms. Magan and/or complete the study guide on your Google Drive.

• Get your study guide checked by Ms. Magan or your RAS teacher.

• Hand your study guide in the day of the test to receive extra credit points!

• Play any of the review games on Ms. Magan’s or Mrs. Caiola’s webpage!

Good luck and come see Ms. Magan or Mrs. Caiola with any questions!!!