Cold War Review Cold War Review

TRUMAN & EISENHOWERTRUMAN & EISENHOWER

Recognize the fear of communism in the late Recognize the fear of communism in the late 40’s and early 50’s, and the lengths that 40’s and early 50’s, and the lengths that people went to in order to “protect” the people went to in order to “protect” the country from them:country from them:

HUAC HUAC - House Un-American Activities - House Un-American Activities Committee was created to look for Committee was created to look for Communists both inside and outside the Communists both inside and outside the government. government.

Rosenberg’s – Rosenberg’s – Husband and wife that Husband and wife that were members of the American were members of the American Communist Party and were both executed Communist Party and were both executed for espionage. for espionage.

McCarthyism- McCarthyism- Named for a Named for a Republican Senator who claimed that Republican Senator who claimed that Communists were taking over the Communists were taking over the federal government. federal government.

1.1. How did post WWII mechanization How did post WWII mechanization impact the work force?impact the work force?

As technology increased, more As technology increased, more Americans began to work in white-Americans began to work in white-collar jobs versus blue-collar. Less collar jobs versus blue-collar. Less people are needed to work in the people are needed to work in the factories or on the farms. There is factories or on the farms. There is a shift to the service sector. (jobs a shift to the service sector. (jobs that provide a service)that provide a service)

2. Recognize the attempts that the Soviets 2. Recognize the attempts that the Soviets used to push the U.S. out of West Berlin, used to push the U.S. out of West Berlin, and U.S. response to the Soviets actions.and U.S. response to the Soviets actions.

The Soviets cut off all transportation to West The Soviets cut off all transportation to West Berlin in the hopes that the Allies will Berlin in the hopes that the Allies will give up the idea of German reunification. give up the idea of German reunification. For 327 days, planes brought food and For 327 days, planes brought food and supplies to West Berlin. Finally, the supplies to West Berlin. Finally, the Soviets gave up the blockade.Soviets gave up the blockade.

3. What were/are the goals of the United 3. What were/are the goals of the United Nations? NATO? Warsaw Pact?Nations? NATO? Warsaw Pact?

United Nations - United Nations - Peacekeeping body of Peacekeeping body of nationsnations

NATO – NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a defense military alliance of the United is a defense military alliance of the United States, Canada and 10 European nations.States, Canada and 10 European nations.

Warsaw Pact – Warsaw Pact – Military alliance of the Military alliance of the Soviet Union and its satellite nations. Soviet Union and its satellite nations. Established in response to the formation Established in response to the formation on NATO.on NATO.

4. What is meant by 4. What is meant by mutually assured mutually assured destructiondestruction? brinkmanship? ? brinkmanship?

MMutually utually aassured ssured ddestruction is the estruction is the concept that since more than one concept that since more than one country has the ability to destroy country has the ability to destroy the other with a few stokes of a the other with a few stokes of a keypad, this assures peace.keypad, this assures peace.

Brinkmanship is the willingness to Brinkmanship is the willingness to go to the edge, or brink of war. go to the edge, or brink of war.

5. What were real fears of the American 5. What were real fears of the American people post WWII? What were real people post WWII? What were real fears of the government? Which one fears of the government? Which one proved to be true? proved to be true?

Collectively, Americans felt threatened Collectively, Americans felt threatened by the rise of Communism in Europe by the rise of Communism in Europe and Asia, but for many the REAL fear and Asia, but for many the REAL fear was how the post WWII economy was was how the post WWII economy was going to impact them. A real fear of going to impact them. A real fear of the government globally was the the government globally was the spread of communism…which the spread of communism…which the government then applied to the U.S., government then applied to the U.S., which made it easier to increase which made it easier to increase military spending, etc.military spending, etc.

6. What preparations did the U.S. 6. What preparations did the U.S. government put in place to address government put in place to address the millions of returning soldiers the millions of returning soldiers post WWII?post WWII?

The G.I. Bill of Rights provided The G.I. Bill of Rights provided financial and educational benefits financial and educational benefits for WWII veterans.for WWII veterans.

7. How did the Soviets successful 7. How did the Soviets successful testing of the atomic bomb change testing of the atomic bomb change foreign policy and the nature of foreign policy and the nature of war?war?

MAD (mutually assured distruction)! MAD (mutually assured distruction)! So what do you do?So what do you do?

8. How did the launching of Sputnik 8. How did the launching of Sputnik impact the United States?impact the United States?

U.S. began to work frantically to U.S. began to work frantically to catch up to the Soviets. Funding for catch up to the Soviets. Funding for math and science programs also math and science programs also increased.increased.

9. What factors motivated the creation 9. What factors motivated the creation of the Dixiecrats in 1948? of the Dixiecrats in 1948?

Southern Democrats formed their Southern Democrats formed their own political party under the own political party under the leadership of Strom Thurmond (SC) leadership of Strom Thurmond (SC) because President Truman because President Truman supported civil rights.supported civil rights.

10. Be able to cite advantages of the 10. Be able to cite advantages of the Interstate Highway Act. Interstate Highway Act.

New suburbs were developedNew suburbs were developed High-speed, long- haul trucking High-speed, long- haul trucking

became possible (decline in RR’s)became possible (decline in RR’s) Towns near the new highways Towns near the new highways

prospered.prospered. The system of highways helped to The system of highways helped to

unify and homogenize the nationunify and homogenize the nation

11. What policy did the United States 11. What policy did the United States take to address post WWII communist take to address post WWII communist expansion? How was this policy expansion? How was this policy used in: Europe; the Middle East.used in: Europe; the Middle East.

A policy of containment was enacted. A policy of containment was enacted. In Europe, some examples are the In Europe, some examples are the Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine (Greece and Turkey) and the Berlin (Greece and Turkey) and the Berlin Airlift. In the Middle East, the U.S. Airlift. In the Middle East, the U.S. stated that it would defend against a stated that it would defend against a communist attack (Eisenhower communist attack (Eisenhower Doctrine).Doctrine).

12. What were major features of 12. What were major features of Truman’s Fair Deal policy? Why was it Truman’s Fair Deal policy? Why was it not embraced by the American people?not embraced by the American people?

The Fair Deal was Truman’s domestic The Fair Deal was Truman’s domestic policy. This program included economic policy. This program included economic and social reforms, such as national and social reforms, such as national health insurance and subsidies for health insurance and subsidies for farmers. These were defeated by farmers. These were defeated by Congress. Many Americans felt that Congress. Many Americans felt that there was not a need for social there was not a need for social programs following the boom of WWII.programs following the boom of WWII.

13. What factors allowed for the shift to the 13. What factors allowed for the shift to the suburbs? What did the move to the suburbs suburbs? What did the move to the suburbs represent? Did everybody have the option represent? Did everybody have the option of moving out of the inner-cities? of moving out of the inner-cities?

Suburbia allowed for affordable housing, Suburbia allowed for affordable housing, fresh air, low crime and good schools. The fresh air, low crime and good schools. The closeness to major cities for jobs and culture closeness to major cities for jobs and culture promoted this movement. Having the ability promoted this movement. Having the ability to move was seen as a step up. Not to move was seen as a step up. Not everyone could afford this move out of the everyone could afford this move out of the cities and the inner cities began to decline.cities and the inner cities began to decline.

14. The Korean War was a proxy war. 14. The Korean War was a proxy war. What does this mean?What does this mean?

Even though the war was being Even though the war was being fought by North and South Korea, fought by North and South Korea, the bigger issue was between the the bigger issue was between the U.S. and Soviet Union.U.S. and Soviet Union.

15. Did Truman embrace the Taft 15. Did Truman embrace the Taft Hartley Act? Be able to explain.Hartley Act? Be able to explain.

Truman vetoed the Taft-Hartley bill Truman vetoed the Taft-Hartley bill and it was passed with a 2/3 and it was passed with a 2/3 majority in Congress. This bill majority in Congress. This bill overturned many rights won by the overturned many rights won by the unions under the New Deal.unions under the New Deal.

16. How did the Chinese Civil War shake up 16. How did the Chinese Civil War shake up the permanent Security Council of the the permanent Security Council of the United Nations?United Nations?

The United Nations refused to recognize The United Nations refused to recognize Mao’s government as the true government Mao’s government as the true government of China. As a result, the Soviet Union of China. As a result, the Soviet Union walked out in protest and was unable to walked out in protest and was unable to veto the vote that allowed Chiang Kai-Shek veto the vote that allowed Chiang Kai-Shek and his government on the island of and his government on the island of Taiwan the seat on the Security Council.Taiwan the seat on the Security Council.