Conferencia Dieta Mediterranea

8/10/2019 Conferencia Dieta Mediterranea

1/50

Psychological Well Being

and Health:

Lessons from MIDUS

Carol Ryff

University of Wisconsin Madison

Mediterranean Lifestyle, Well-Being, and Health Symposium

School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catlica

Santiago, Chile, Tuesday, April 9, 2012


2/50

Ode to the:

the tablethe chair

the dog

the gillyflower

a bar of soap

a pair of socks

the dictionarybread

the artichoke

the onion

the tomato


3/50

Outline of Presentation

What is psychological well-being? Approaches: Hedonic & Eudaimonic

How does well-being matter for health?

Biological risk factors, morbidity, mortality(under conditions of challenge)

Can well-being be promoted?


4/50

Philosophical Foundations

of Well-Being

Aristotle eudaimonia realization of true potential know thyself and become who you are

Epicurus hedonia pleasure, happiness, contentment

J. S. Mill utilitarianism

happiness will not achieved if made an end in itselfby-product of other more noble deeds


5/50

Western preoccupations


6/50

(2010)

Current preoccupations

with happiness:

advent of banality

felicity and vacuity go

hand in hand

(Voltaires Candide)

amiable twaddle of theDalai Lama

it is better to lead a rich

life with tears than a happy

one without meaningthe defeat of an illusion

always opens the door to

miracles


7/50

purpose in life personal growth

positive relations with others

environmental mastery

self-acceptance

autonomy

happiness/pos affect

life satisfaction

Defining Psychological Well-Being

Eudaimonic(Ryff, 1989,J. of

Pers. & Soc. Psych)

Hedonic(Diener et al., 1999,

Psych. Bulletin)


8/50


9/50

www.midus.wisc.edu
http://www.midus.wisc.edu/http://www.midus.wisc.edu/


10/50


11/50


12/50

www.midus.wisc.edu

MIDUS

Data are

publicly

available,

nopermissions

required.

Please use

them!
http://www.midus.wisc.edu/http://www.midus.wisc.edu/


13/50

Aging and Well-Being(evidence of vulnerabilities

butsome individuals are resilient)


14/50

Source: MIDUS I

25-39

14.5

15.0

15.5

16.0

16.5

17.0

17.5

18.0

18.5

Young Midlife Older40-59 60-74

Purpose in Life

Env. Mastery

Positive Relations

Autonomy

Females

Self-Acceptance

Per. Growth


15/50

Purpose in Life

Env. Mastery

Positive Relations

Autonomy

Males

Self-Acceptance

Per. Growth

14.5

15.0

15.5

16.016.5

17.0

17.5

18.0

18.5

Young Midlife Older25-39 40-59 60-74

Source: MIDUS I


16/50

Longitudinal Decline (9-10 years)

in Purpose in Life

14

15

16

17

18

T1 T2 T1 T2 T1 T2 T1 T2 T1 T2

35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84

Averaged

summedscore

Age at Time 2


17/50

Butsome older persons

maintain high well-being.

And, those who do show:reduced morbidity/mortality

better sleep

lower inflammatory factors


18/50

Purpose in life is protective against Alzheimers

and mild cognitive impairment.

(Boyle et al., Archives Gen Psychiatry, 2010)


19/50

Those with higher purpose in life live longer.

(Boyle et al., Psychosom Med, 2009)


20/50

Purpose in life modifies association between Alzheimers

disease pathology and cognitive function

(Boyle et al.,Arch Gen Psych, 2012)


21/50

Those with higher purpose in life have reduced risk of stroke.

(Kim et al.,J Psychosomatic Res, 2013)


22/50

High purpose in life reduces risk of myocardial infarction among

adults with coronary heart disease

(Kim et al.,J Behav Med, 2013)


23/50

Aging brings increased risk for poor sleep

But older women

with higher PWB

have reducedrisk of disrupted

sleep.

Phelan et al., Psych and Aging, 2010


24/50

Aging bring increased risk for chronic conditions

*such comorbidity fuels inflammation

(Friedman & Ryff,J of Geront, 2012)

But higher

PWB

protectsagainst such

effects


25/50

As chronic conditions increase, higher well-being

protects against elevated IL-6 and CRP.

Friedman & Ryff,J of Ger, 2012


26/50

Educational Attainment

and Well-Being


27/50

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20


28/50

Self-Acceptance

Purpose in Life

Environ. Mastery

Positive Relations

Personal Growth

Autonomy

Men

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20


29/50

N=

Psychological Well-Being and Education

Five Number Summary

Educational Level


30/50

Lower educational status higher levels of IL-6

BUT effect is buffered by high psychological well-being

Morozink et al., 2010

Health Psychology


31/50

Lower educational attainment predicts

higher levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6)

Interleukin-6

marker of inflammationinvolved in etiology of

numerous diseases

(cardiovascular, cancer,

rheumatological,

osteoporosis, Alzheimers)


32/50

BUT educational gradient

in IL-6 is moderated by

levels of psychological

well-being :purpose in life

positive relations

environmental mastery

self-acceptance

positive affect

(protective buffers)


33/50

High School, GED, or Less Education Some College Education Bachelors Degree or Higher

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46

SerumI

L-6

(pg/mL)

Environmental Mastery

* p < .05

*


Health Psychology


34/50

High School, GED, or Less Education Some College Education Bachelors Degree or Higher

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

14 19 24 29 34 39 44 49

SerumIL

-6(pg/mL)

Purpose in Life

* p < .05

*


Health Psychology


35/50

Resiliencecapacity to maintain or regain health

and well-being in the face of

challenge/adversity

Ryff et al., (2012). Varieties of Resilience in MIDUS.

Social and Personality Psychology Compass.


36/50

O ti i b tt li id fil


37/50

Optimism better lipid profiles

Boehm et al., (2013),Am J of Cardiology


38/50

Optimism higher levels of antioxidants

Boehm et al. (2013), Psychosomatic Medicine


39/50

Neuroscience of

Well-Being

F t l f i f


40/50

Van Reekum et al., 2007,J of Cognitive Neuroscience

Faster eval of neg info:

greater amyg activ

However, higher PWB:

slower eval neg info

lower amyg activ

increased activation of

anterior cingulate cortex

Neuroimaging study


41/50

These findings suggest that people high in PWBeffectively recruit the ventral ACC when confronted

with potentially aversive stimuli, manifest reduced

activity in subcortical regions such as the

amygdala, and appraise such information as lesssalient as reflected in slower evaluative speed.

Van Reekum et al., 2007,

J of Cognitive Neuroscience


42/50

Eudaimonic well-being is positively associated with

insular cortex volume (Lewis et al., 2013)

Higher well-being linked with sustained ventral striatal

activity and lower cortisol output (Heller et al., 2013)Those who show repeated engagement of reward circuitry

when responding to multi-valenced stimuli have higher PWB

and better regulation of HPA activity

New Neuroscience Findings


43/50

among those who most need it(those suffering from depression)

well-being therapyFava et al. (1998)

Archives of General Psychiatry

importance of well-being in recovery

process

Promoting Well-Being


44/50


45/50


46/50

From Treatment to Prevention

Teaching well-being therapy tochildren and adolescents

Ruini et al. (2006)

Psychother & Psychosom

Ruini et al. (2009)

J of Behav TherapyTombe et al. (2010)

J of Anxiety


47/50


48/50

Conclusions Prior health research

has been blind tohuman resilience (HR)

HR is a hugely

important, empirically

tractable topic HR appears to be

consequential for health

HR can be promoted


49/50

Thanks!

My email: [email protected]

http://midus.wisc.edu
http://midus.wisc.edu/http://midus.wisc.edu/


50/50

Documents

Conferencia Dieta Mediterranea