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Editor's prefaceMax G. Manwaring aa Professor of Military Strategy , US Army WarCollegePublished online: 26 Nov 2007.

To cite this article: Max G. Manwaring (2000) Editor's preface, Small Wars &Insurgencies, 11:2, 5-7, DOI: 10.1080/09592310008423271

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592310008423271

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Editor's Preface

MAX G. MANWARING

This special edition of Small Wars & Insurgencies stems from a symposiumconducted in December 1999 by the Center for Strategic Leadership at theUS Army War College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. The symposium addressed'Deterrence in the 21st Century,' and provided a practitioner's overview ofdeterrence policy and strategy, and the contemporary challenges they face.Although this volume is based on the symposium, it is not a comprehensiverecord of the proceedings. Rather, it is organized as an anthology of the'best of the best' presentations - revised in the light of the discussions thattook place at the symposium - and complemented by two chapters that fillimportant gaps in the limited dialogue. The primary conclusions of thesymposium, and the driving concepts behind this compendium, are that it isimperative to reopen and broaden the deterrence debate, and to - hopefully- provide an impetus for policy change.

Since the ending of the Cold War, strategic concerns have played littlepart in the debate as to what to do with the billions of dollars allocated tonational and global security. The general result, in the United States, hasbeen the ad hoc and piecemeal crisis management of security affairs. Thatapproach, in turn, has lead to ad hoc, piecemeal, and less-than-desirableresults - and high personnel, monetary, and political costs. It must beremembered that, if one wants to optimize efficiency or effectiveness, onemust precede reform, structure, and budget considerations with clear policydirection - and a strategy and organizational structure that defines how toachieve it.

Panelists, discussants, and participants sketched the problems andthreats of the post-Cold War strategic environment, and argued thatdeterring the complex and diverse threats in that environment requires anew policy and strategy. The intent was to establish that contemporarydeterrence demands replacing the old 'nuclear theology' with broad,integrated, and long-term culturally-oriented approaches. These approacheswould confront better the myriad state and non-state, nuclear and non-nuclear, conventional and non-conventional, military and non-military, andasymmetric threats that have heretofore been ignored or wished away.

Separately and collectively, the contributors to this anthology focus onthat challenge. At the same time, they do essentially what 'Mr X' did in his

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1947 Foreign Affairs article entitled 'The Sources of Soviet Conduct'.1

They examine the threat situation in the contemporary global security arena.They analyze specific problems of deterrence and strategy. They outlinecogent issues. They implicitly and explicitly come to grips with the lessonsthat should have been learned over the past several years. They establish thebeginning underpinnings of a deterrence theory of engagement to managethe contemporary environment and associated threats. And, lastly, they takethe discussion of deterrence out of the 'TOP SECRET' realm and begin topublicly educate decision-makers, policy-makers, opinion-makers, and thecitizenry regarding the realistic requirements for contemporary national andglobal security.

As a consequence, decision-makers, policy-makers, opinion-makers,and their staffs should be able to develop a national security blueprint toconfront more effectively the diverse threats of the 21st century. That is tosay, leaders with this kind of information should be able to do what wasdone after the publication of 'Sources of Soviet Conduct.' Over a period oftime, debate, symposia and conferences, and gaming elaborated and refinedthe conceptual, organizational, and operational elements that were proposedby Mr X (George F. Kennan) and promulgated in NSC-68, and that laid thefoundations for the US Cold War policy of 'containment'.

This anthology, then, commends itself to the reader to provoke thoughtabout what governments and international organizations ought to do whenfaced with the 'new world disorder'. In these terms, it suggests whatcitizens in the global community ought to demand of their governments andthat community. Thus, we commend this volume to you - the reader - withthe hope that you will make effective use of the insights of the contributors.

For the most part, the contributors are not scholars. The individualcontributors are, as former US National Security Advisor Brent Scowcroft,has observed, 'Knowledgeable and experienced, and have proven trackrecords in the only arena that counts - actually dealing with the problemsthey discuss.'2 Thus, we wish to thank the contributors whose knowledge,experience, analytical powers, wisdom, and many hours of work made thisbook possible. We also wish to respectfully dedicate this volume to GeneralJohn R. Galvin, US Army (Ret.). This anthology is part of a continuingeffort to revitalize strategic thinking as it pertains to 'uncomfortable'contemporary conflicts. It evolved from General Galvin's call for a newparadigm to fight the most prevalent and most likely forms of conflict in theworld today.3

Finally, neither this compendium nor the individual studies in it shouldbe construed as reflecting the official positions of the US government, theDepartment of Defense, or the Department of State. Contributors, alone areresponsible for any errors of fact or judgment.

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NOTES

1. X (George F. Kennan), 'The Sources of Soviet Conduct', Foreign Affairs (July 1947)pp. 566-82.

2. Interviews.3. General John R. Galvin, 'Uncomfortable Wars: Toward a New Paradigm', Parameters (Dec.

1986) pp. 2-8.

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