GCSEPE

RespiratorySystem

TASK…..

• EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS HOW THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM WORKS

• YOU MUST GIVE REFERENCE TO THE:• THE NOSE• THE LUNGS AND LUNG STRUCTURE• AIR PASSAGES• RIB MOVEMENT• DIAPHRAGM• PRESSURE IN THE LUNGS P130

• THE NOSE• THE CILIATED EPITHELIUM AND FILM OF MUCUS WHICH LINE THE

NASAL PASSAGES HELP TO TRAP DUST AND BACTERIA. THE AIR IS ALSO WARMED BEFORE IT ENTERS THE LUNGS. YOU CAN ALSO SMELL.

• THE LUNGS• TWO THIN-WALLED ELASTIC SACKS LYING IN THE THORAX. THEY CAN

EXPAND OR COMPRESS BY MOVEMENTS OF THE THORAX. THEY COMMUNICATE WITH THE ATMOSPHERE THROUGH THE WIND-PIPE OR TRACHEA. IN THE LUNGS GASEOUS EXCHANGE TAKES PLACE, SOME OF THE O2 IS ABSORBED AND CO2 FROM THE BLOOD IS RELEASED INTO THE LUNG CAVITIES.

• LUNG STRUCTURE – THE TRACHEA DIVIDES INTO 2 BRONCHI WHICH ENTER THE LUNGS AND DIVIDE INTO SMALLER BRANCHES CALLED BRONCHIOLES. THESE DIVIDE FURTHER AND TERMINATE IN A MASS OF THIN-WALLED, PUCH-LIKE AIR SACS OR ALVEOLI.

• AIR PASSAGES• RINGS OF CARTILAGE KEEP THE TRACHEA

AND BONCHI OPEN AND PREVENT THEM CLOSING UP WHEN THE PRESSURE INSIDE FALLS DURING INSPIRATION. THE LINING OF THE AIR PASSAGES IS COVERED WITH CILIA. THEY CONSTANTLY FLIC TO AND FRO. THEREFORE KEEPING THE AIRWAYS CLEAR.

• GAS JAR DEMO!

• EXTRA NOTES• WE BREATH ABOUT 16 TIMES PER MINUTE• IT IS CONTROLLED BY A REGION OF THE BRAIN WHICH IS

VERY SENSITIVE TO THE CO2 CONCENTRATION IN THE BLOOD. A RISE IN CO2 WILL INCREASE BREATHING RATE, FOR EXAMPLE DURING EXERCISE. THIS WILL ALSO INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF O2 IN THE BLOOD, SO MEETING THE DEMANDS OF INCREASED TISSUE RESPIRATION.

• THE AGE AS WELL AS THE LEVEL OF FITNESS OF THE INDIVIDUAL WILL DECIDE EXACTLY HOW WELL THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM CAN COPE WITH THE INCREASED DEMAND MADE BY THE MUSCLES.

• REGULAR EXERCISE INCREASES LUNG CAPACITY AND ENABLES MORE OXYGEN TO BE TAKEN IN WITH EACH BREATH.

What happens to the air you breath?

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Respiratory Video

RESPIRATORY: inspiration

• Breathing in• Intercostals &

diaphragm contract.• Ribs are pull

upwards & down to make chest cavity larger.

• Air is pushed into the lungs by the air pressure outside.

RESPIRATORY: expiration

• Breathing out.• Intercostals &

diaphragm relax to make chest cavity smaller.

• Lungs are squeezed & air is forced out.

RESPIRATORY: anaerobic

• Anaerobic energy= no oxygen.

• Actions that require a single max effort, over a short period of time.

• Demand for oxygen is so great that the body doesn’t have time to supply for the demand.

RESPIRATORY: anaerobic

• If the demand continues over a minute, LACTIC ACID is produced.

• This eventually will cause pain & stop the muscles from working.

RESPIRATORY: anaerobic

• Oxygen removes lactic acid.• After a short burst of energy, you need

extra oxygen to remove the lactic acid.• Extra oxygen is called “Oxygen Debt”• All available oxygen has been used up,

so you need to repay the body by breathing deeply.

• Following high intensity anaerobic exercise where the respiratory and circulatory systems are unable to keep muscles supplied with sufficient oxygen.

The levels of lactic acid rise rapidly and other waste products build up.

• Can cause pain in the muscles and rapid state of breathlessness.

Extra Oxygen is needed to oxidise the lactic acid and to restore the resting levels of Oxygen supplies within muscle cells.

• This is known as the ‘Oxygen Debt’.• The heavy breathing which continues after the completion of

exercise is a clear sign of an oxygen debt being paid back.– If the concentration of lactic acid reaches a certain level, it poisons

the cells and cramp occurs.

RESPIRATORY: anaerobic

• Oxygen turns lactic acid into carbon dioxide.• Which is breathed out by the lungs.

RESPIRATORY: aerobic• Sufficient supply of

oxygen is required.

• Activities that last over 1 minute.

• Eg; 1500m, marathon

• Muscles need oxygen to contract & this enters the body through breathing

RESPIRATORY: aerobic

In all invasion games a combination of aerobic & anaerobic respiration is required:

Example: football, lasts 90 minutes but there are also short bursts of energy required.

RESPIRATORY: how much do we breathe

• Tidal volume: amount you breathe in or out with each breath.

• Inspiratory capacity: most you can breath in, after breathing out normally.

• Expiratory reserve volume: most air you could force out after breathing out normally.

• Vital capacity: most air you could possibly breathe in or out in 1 breath.

• Residual volume: amount of air left in your lungs after you’ve breathed out as much as possible.

RESPIRATORY: short term effect of exercise.

Breathe fast & deeper

Gaseous exchange speeds up.

Level of CO² rises

More CO² passes out and more O² passes into the blood.

Cell respiration increases

RESPIRATORY: long term effects of exercise

You can move O² to the muscles faster and get rid of CO² faster = less tired during exercise

The rib muscles and diaphragm grow stronger

More alveloi are available for gaseous exchangeMore O² is picked

up at each breath & more CO² removed

Lungs expand further, taking in more air with each breath

More capillaries grow around the alveloi, so more blood gets carried around them

HOMEWORK