Government & WarGovernment & War

• Magna CartaMagna Carta– Written in 1215– King signed to guarantee King signed to guarantee

important rights to important rights to noblemennoblemen

• -Established elections-Established elections of representatives– Parliament: makes laws Parliament: makes laws

with a 2 house legislaturewith a 2 house legislature• House of Lords/Commons

English Bill of Rights – English Bill of Rights – document agreeing to respect document agreeing to respect the rights of English citizens & the rights of English citizens & Parliament Parliament

Move toward allowing the Move toward allowing the people more legal protectionpeople more legal protection

The colonial leaders shared powerEngland did not interfere England did not interfere with colonial affairswith colonial affairsParliament passed laws that were rarely enforced by governorsSelf-government grew in Self-government grew in the coloniesthe colonies

ROYAL GOVERNOR Appointed by King

Oversaw colonial tradeFinal approval on laws

Could dismiss colonial wishes

Appointed by governor Advisory board to governor Acted as high court in colonies

Elected by eligible colonists Made laws Had authority to tax Paid governor’s salary

Governor’s Council Colonial Assembly

• Colonies supply raw materials Colonies supply raw materials and serve as a market for and serve as a market for exportsexports-Favorable balance of trade for the mother country

England passed Navigation Acts England passed Navigation Acts to force colonists to sell raw to force colonists to sell raw materials to Englandmaterials to England-All items bought by other countries had to be taxed -Trade had to occur on English ships

Colonists began smugglingColonists began smuggling

French had little more than 80,000 people in New World (compared to 1,000,000 British colonists)

France established trade alliances with Indians

Rivals of England in Europe & wherever their empires met

France attacked English colonies due to the British invading the French controlled Ohio River Valley trading area

Albany Plan of UnionAlbany Plan of Union

• Ben Franklin’s ideaBen Franklin’s idea– Called to unite the colonies to unite the colonies

under a central gov’tunder a central gov’t

• Colonies REJECTED the plan Colonies REJECTED the plan to unite the colonies against the French

• Colonies did not want to Colonies did not want to give too much power to give too much power to 1 government1 government

– Colonies were jealous to share their power

• Especially to tax

• 1756 - Britain Britain declared war on declared war on France France – Over land claims in Over land claims in

North AmericaNorth America

• William PittWilliam Pitt– British Secretary of

State – Vowed to pay for & Vowed to pay for &

win war at all costswin war at all costs

Treaty of Paris (1763)Treaty of Paris (1763)Pre-War Pre-War Land ClaimLand Claim Post-War Post-War Land ClaimLand Claim

EnglandEngland

FranceFrance HaitiHaiti

SpainSpain

North America from Atlantic North America from Atlantic Coast to Appalachian MtnsCoast to Appalachian Mtns.Hudson Bay; NewfoundlandHudson Bay; Newfoundland

N. A. from Atlantic to N. A. from Atlantic to Mississippi; Canada, Mississippi; Canada, FloridaFlorida

Canada, St. Lawrence Canada, St. Lawrence River, Great Lakes, River, Great Lakes, Mississippi River, Ohio Mississippi River, Ohio River Valley, River Valley, HaitiHaiti

Florida, Mexico, CubaFlorida, Mexico, Cuba N.A. west of the Miss. River, N.A. west of the Miss. River, Mexico, CubaMexico, Cuba

After the WarAfter the War• British gov’t tightened control over British gov’t tightened control over

the colonies the colonies after the war– Contrary to salutary neglectContrary to salutary neglect

• Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763– Due to Pontiac’s War Due to Pontiac’s War & land-hungry

settlers – Stop all expansion west of the Stop all expansion west of the

Appalachian MtsAppalachian Mts..

• Britain keeps troops in the area to Britain keeps troops in the area to protect their interestsprotect their interests– Military is in chargeMilitary is in charge

• BritishBritish used soldiers to enforce used soldiers to enforce the lawthe law– People could People could only trade @ designated only trade @ designated

points under military supervisionpoints under military supervision