Is.9668.1990 Firefighting

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IS 9668 (1990, Reaffirmed 2010): Provision and Maintenanceof Water Supplies for Fire Fighting--Code of Practice(First Revision). UDC 614.842.62.004.5 : 006.76


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( Reaffirmed 2002 )

Indian StandardPROVISION AND MAINTENANCE OF W ArTERSUPPLIES FOR FIRE FIGHTING - CODE OF

PRACTICE

September 1990

( First Revision)l { T ~ T t tJ f T y t ~

atTll i f ~ t ~itl f ~ q\ j f ~" t ~ T t~ ~ ' ~ TaqT a r . t ~ l f { V f Cfl) ~ ) f a~ ~ ( l ( T

( q ~ ~ l~ i { ~ T ~ 1 l T)

UDC 614'842'62'004'5: 006'76

@ BIS 1990B U R E A U

O FI N D I A N S T A N D A R D S

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARGNEW DELHI IIOOO?

Price Group 3


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Fire Fighting Sectional Committee, CED 22

FOREWORD

'Ihis Indian Standard was adopted by th e Bureau of Indian Standards on 24 January 1990, afterthe draft finalized by th e Fire Fighting Sectional Committee had been approved by th e CivilEngineering Division Council.

Water has been the main fire extinguisher media used to contain an d extinguish fires from timesimmemorial. Water and foam in which water is used in large quantities also continue to be mostcommonly used extinguish media. For adequate fire fighting appliances are normally used withthe water. Water is also used for the internal hydrants system, sprinkler systems and externalhydrants therefore suitable guidelines for the provision of water supply so .as to cover various firerisk areas are being covered in this standard. Th e requirements in this code have been keptminimum possible level in view of the shortage o f water ( -as in some areas water fo r drinking isalso not sufficiently available) however where circumstances need considering th e safety aspectsth e requirements may be suitably increased.

This standard covering provision an d maintenance of water supply an d external hydrant systems,( covering installation inspection an d maintenance) issued in year 1980. In this revision th eprovision of external hydrant system etc, have been separated an d are being covered in detail in aseparate new Indian Standard aligning with the provision of internal type fire hydrant systemscovered in IS 3844 : 1989 'Code of practice for installation an d internal hydrants an d hose-reel onpremises ( f i rs t revision )' on the experience gained in the use of this standard, the requirements inrespect of the provision of water supply has been up-dated keeping in line with th e T AC requirements. Th e provision in respect of water supply requirements fo r sprinkler systems ar e beingcovered in a separate Indian Standard.


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IS 9668 : 1990

Indian Standard

PROVISION AND MAINTENANCE OF WATERSUPPLIES FOR FIRE FIGHTING - CODE OF

PRACTICE

( First Revision)1 SCOPE

1.1 This standard covers guidelines fo r theprovision an d maintenance of water supply fo rfire fighting.

2 GENERAL

2.1 Water supply requirements for fire fightingwill depend on various factors like type of construction, nature of occupancy, type an d quantities of Inaterials handled or stored, processrisks involved, neighbouring fire risks, firedetection and alarm arrangements, time likelyto be taken for the fire brigade(s) to come intooperation and so on. All these factors Inaydiffer very widely an d so will be the requirementof water supplies. Requirement fo r each areamay therefore vary an d has to be worked outjointly by water supply engineers and fire expertsafter considering these factors.

3 SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY

3.1 Th e essential requirements for any sourceof water for fire fighting ar e as follows:

a) Ready availability of th e supply at al ltimes,

b) Sources easily approachable and workableby the normal fire appliances, and

c) Sources located within a workable distancewhich should in no case be more than1 km from th e risk to be protected.

3:2 NornlaUy such requirements are met with

tw o types o f water supply namely piped watersupply ( hydrant system) and static water tanks.However, on some occasions natural and manmade sources i f available could be utilised forfire fighting in emergencies. The commonlyfound natural sources ar e r i v e r s ~canals, streams,ponds, lakes, pools, spring wells, etc, and manmade sources ar e reservoirs, pooling waterbasins etc. Therefore, while planning an y systemfo r water supply requirements such sources ma yalso be considered an d suitable arrangementsmade fo r their effective and quick use by th efire services like all weather approach routes,hard standing platforms, provision of suitables u m p s ~portable pumps in deep wells etc. Incase of overhead reservoirs suitable number of100 mm round thread or 63 mm instantaneousoutlets may be provided on th e main, outletsbeing controlled by separate control valves.

1

4 WATER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS

4.1 For Towni/Cities

4.1.1 Th e fire risk in an y town/city is seldomuniform throughout and it may vary widely indifferent areas. I t ma y be the lowest in well laidou t predominently residential locality, withsmall shopping centres and go on increasing inthickly populated congested areas, commercialcentrcs, warehouses and industrial complexes.In addition to normal peace time requirements,some vulnerable towns/cities may require verylarge extra q'Jantities to deal with special situations that may arise in wa r time or other emergencies to which th e towns/cities ma y be exposed.These ar e generally termed as 'civil defence'towns. With so may variants, it Inay be desirable to work ou t th e water supply requirementsa r e a - o n locality-wise after considering variousfactors, but, this ma y not be possible in eachan d every case.

Th e overall requirements may, therefore. beworked ou t on population basis. But, whileworking ou t th e detailed distribution system.th e peculiar requirements for each area shaHbe examined an d extraptovis ion made whererequired.

4.1.2 I t is recommended that generally fo rtowns/cities, water for fire fighting shall be provided at the scale of 1800-1/min for every 50000population or part thereof for towns up to3 lacs popUlation an d an additiDnal 1800-lIminfor every 1 lac popUlation of lnore than 3 lacs.The requirement should be on the basis of

2 hours duration.

In'addition to the population criteria, it shouldbe ensured that sufficient water at th e abovescale is made available within every I k m ~areaof th e city/town and it should be ensured thati t is equitably distributed. In th e C:lse of smatlertowns with population of 1 lac an d bdow th etotal requirements should be doubled.

4.1.3 For high risk areas like bazars, cOlnmerciaicentres, high rise buildings warehouses, industrial complexes, etc, extra provision shall bemade considering each risk area separately. Fo r

extra high ho1zard risk like petrochemical chemical complexes extra provisions, on th e externalperiphery shg,ll b ~ provided on. Th e provisionin r\!sp;ct of highrise building ar e given inIS 3884: 1989, there should be at least on e


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IS 9668 : 1990

static -tank of 220 000 litres capacity for every1 km2 area.

4.1.4 For civil defence towns/cities, t b ~ scaleas prescribed under 4.1.2 may be doubled, bothin respect of per minute and total requirements.The extra provision on this account shall bemade in the form of static sources as far as

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4.2.8 Administrative buildings in factories etc.shall be considered as light hazard, and thewater quantity and number of hydrants cateredaccordingly.

4.2.9 Storage Risks

For storage risks engineering stores shall beclassified as light hazard category. Generalstores as ordinary hazard and combustible orflammable stores as high or extra high hazardcategory. In case o f such combined risk, -therisk category will be decided by it s predominentrisk.

5 STATIC WATER TANKS

5.1 Static water tanks ar e very useful sources ofwater supplies for major fire :fJghting. They canbe provided to supplement the first hydrantsystem or independently where provision of firehydrants is no t feasible economically or due tovarious other reasons. Static water system has

many advantages over the hydrant system. Thissystem is much more economkal, more reliable,less prone to damage or defects and helps tobuild huge reserve to meet an y eventualities.While planning any water supply system fo r fire

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IS 9668 : 1990

fighting in towns, cities an d industries, suitableprovision of static water tanks shall always bekept in view. For civil defence towns/cities andal l type of industrial establishment, at least50 percent of the total water supply requirementsfo r fire fighting shall always be in th e form o fstatic water tanks.

S.2 Static water tanks fo r fire fighting should beunderground with water at ground level. Theyca n be of an y shape and dimensions, bu t thedepth shall normally no t exceed 2'S m. Formultistorey buildings terrace tank may beprovided.

NOTE - In case of deeper tanks, submersiblepumps be provided.

5.3 For towns/cities an d other locations wherethey ar e accessible to public, th e static tankshould be completely covered and provided withsuitable manholes fo r lowering of th e suctionhoses.

5.4 Inside industrial establishmen ts th e staticwater tanks can be of open type having smallparapet walls of height not exceeding 50 cmabove ground level. Such tanks may, as fa ras possible, conform to Fig. 1. Where extra

STEPS

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900

SEerI'DN AA

AlI dimensions in miJlimetres unless otherwise speCified.FIG. 1 A TYPICAL STATIC WATER TANK

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IS 9668 : 1990

protection is required, barbed wire fencing.etc, may be provided with suitable openings, forlowering of the suction hose.

5. 5 All static water tanks for fire fighting shallnorma1ly be located within 100 m o f th e risk tobe protected.

5. 6 The static water tanks shall be easily appro achabJe by all types o f til e appliances hdd at th efire statio n(s) providing fire cover in th e area.Al l weather approach road o f adequate size shallbe provided. Provision of suitable number oflnanholes shi.tll be made available for inspection,repairs an d inspection of static tanks, etc.

5. 7 Cement concrete platforms (ha rd standings)shaH be provided at suitable locations around -the static water tanks for prolonged operationsby th e fire pumps.

5. 8 Each static water tank should be provided

with sump(s) to allow th e us e of the total quantity o f water for fire fighting an d also to facilitatemaintenance an d repair of tanks. Th e sump(s)ma y be o f th e size 1 m X 1 m x 45 em ( depth ).The sumps should be located on th e side(s}from where th e nre pumps ar e to come intooperation.

5. 9 U-shaped steel bar steps or an y other suitable arrangement shall be provided for mento enter the static water tanks as and whenrequired.

5.10 An static water tanks shaH be providedwith suitable filling arrangements to make upth e evaporat ion losses, refilling after cleaning!repairs an d fo r replenishing water supplies during.fire fighting operations. The fining arrangements shall be of th e maximum capacity possibleand th e tanks shaH be connected by th e biggestsize of mains available in their vicinity at therate of not less than I 00 0 1 (minute.

5.1t Suitable indicating plates shall be fixed tothe nearest wall or a suitable posts erected fo rth e purpose ncar each static water tank. Th eindicating plates can be made of vitreous enamelled mild steel, cast iron, alulninium n.lloyor pbstic. The plates shall be yellow in colourwith letter 'S 'T ' and th e c2.pacity in Iitresmarked in black.

6 INSPECTIONS, CHECKS AND MAINTENANCE

6.1 Periodical checking an d proper maintenanceo f water supplies is liS important as their provision. Since special waler ~ , u p p l ysystems forfire fighting ;:tre not in daily usc, many times,dcfcds developing over a cc;-tain period ma ynot be observed unless oeriodiclll checks ar eexercised. Th e system t ; ; ~ i l i n gto come intooperat icn at th e time of an y firc ca n defeat th every purpose fo r which th e system ha s been provided and also result in very embarrassing situations to th e fire and other administrative authorities of th e area. Such situations ar e to beavoided a t all cost an d this ca n be ensured only

when all parts of systems are constantly checkedand maintained in perfect working order al lth e time.

6.2 Reservoirs

6.2.1 Required level o f water shall always bemaintained an d this shall be checked daily byth e pump operators and incharge water worksin each shift before assuming charge.

6.2.2 A monthly inspection of th e reservoirsshall be carried ou t by a responsible officer o fth e water works to ensure that the reservoirsare constructionally sound and there is no seepage or leakage from any port ion. At this tilue,note ma y be taken of an y accumulation of mud,sand, weeds an d other undergrowth which canreduce th e capacity of th e reservoir an d obstructfree flow o f water. The requ ired remedial actionma y be taken.

6.2.3 All reservoirs shall be periodically cleaned,periodicity for such cleaning to be determinedan d laid considering th e local conditions. Beforeemptyin g any reservoir fo r cleaning and/orrepairs, the other compartment/reservoirs shallbe kept full and duly connected to th e SystCll l .

6.3 Static Water Tanks and Natural Sources

6.3.1 Static water tanks and other natural sourcesfo r fire fighting shall be inspected as often aspossible. The periodicity for such inspectionsshall be d e t e r m i n ~ dand laid down dependingon the local conditions. However, for ci t iesan d towns, each static or natural source shall beinspected at intervals no t exceeding on e monthand fo r industrial establi shments once everyweek. The record of al l such inspections shallbe main tained and remedial action for anydefects observed taken immediately or prioritybasis.

6.3.2 Th e following action shall be taken duringthe monthly/weekly inspection:

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a) Level of the water supply shall be checkedand noted.

b) Causes for an y unusual drop in th e levelmay be investigated an d reported to higherauthorities fo r further investigations an dremedial a\.:tion.

c) In th e case of static water tanks drop oflevel due to evaporation and other J1c}rmalcauses, it shall be made good by openIngth e liEing v a l v c ~ , .,I n the;; c a ~ : co f Gpenstatic water ta n ks . some \vatcr shall heallowed to overi1uw ta avoid breeding c fmosquitos, etc.

d) St2.tic tanks, sum ps ~ 1nd jack weBs ~ h a l lbe cXQmined fo r an y signs of cracks orother construct ional l l : t mages. Ac e 1111l1J b -t ion or mud, s lnu , WCCLb ~ U i d .other L1!ldcr-arowth ~ h a l lbe noted and action takentor their removal.


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e) Condition of approach roads, hard stand-in g platform, parapet walls, fencing,manhole covers, indicating plates, etc,shall be examined an d recorded.

f) Any obstruction in th e approach of th e

fire appliance to th e sources of supplyshaH be removed.

6.3.3 All static water tanks, sumps an d jackwell shall be emptied, cleaned, repairedand whitewashed at p e r j o d i c ~ lintervals. Openstatic water tanks shall be so cleaned once every6 months For the covered static water tanks,periodicity may be determined according to 'h e

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IS 9668 : 1990

local conditions, but they shall be thoroughlycleaned at least once every 2 years.

6.3.4 While emptying any static water tank forcleaning or repairs, it shall be ensured that th eother neighbouring tanks ar e full an d in service-

able condition. As fa r as possible, only onetank shall be taken for repairs and maintenanceat a time.

6.3.5 The use of static water tanks an d othernatural sources shaH be made in drills an dpractices as often as possible. An y difficultiesobserved in approach and working of the fireappliances recorded an d remedial action taken.


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Amendments Issued Since Publication

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Is.9668.1990 Firefighting