Mikroişlemciler - Uludağ Üniversitesi - Konu Anlatımı

8/10/2019 Mikroilemciler - Uluda niversitesi - Konu Anlatm

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MN@UN >

Alirjldoakl

MN@LXNCSADOS

BS/LILB/L/J

Vrjbrna Ijednr vo vorlglg snidnge cda

Indk Mn`znSJA

VSJA

OVSJA

OOVSJA

@DN[M

__K_[SNA

ESNA

ESSNA

...

Alirjldoakl EL Jrtna nrnsgenil

nrnclrla

[nysnd lnrot jiuan/rotao (VJSUL/J)

Ngndjb lnrot jiuan/rotao(NEK/ENK)

[nykdnr, znangdnykdnrBlrl/i inrdntrkdnrMncordoao Nrnclrladorl (S[3;3,[VL, URL, KNG, ...)

ND_

[nidnykdnr

Ije zkdor

...

Alirjldoaklldo clrdlito ndngmor ovroclrlalglg autdni clr nerosyjdu, jugduidnclr vorl yjdu vnrer.

Nerosdoao ldoal, osnsgen clr ovro clrlal soao ldoalelr.Bogoddlido alirjldoakl, mormngbl clr ng llg toi clr odoangdnndanitner. Alirjldoakl, alirjldoakldl ta slstoador llgautdni soogelr. Ejdnysydn neros yjdu toi tnrn`d voalirjldoakleogenrejrueur.

Porlyjdu lso, alirjldoakl ldo ovro clrladorl nrnsgen vorlndvorllglg sndngansg sndnyng mnt brupdnrgn vorldog lslaelr.Cldbldor cu mnt brupdnrnrnsgenl`tygdmnroiot otaoitoelr.

Porlyjdu, cldbl tne llg mormngbl clr ngen yndgzkn lstogogodoang/(gnelrog odoangdnr) j mncordoaoyo enmld jdander.Mncordoaoglgiogelslgl ldbldogelraoell taodoangdnr, j ng llgeovro egen indander. Eovro e indan ldoalglg ne euruaduduitur. euruadu ta odoangdnr, boroidl euruaen,iogeldorlgl clr nieovro mndlgo ovlraoitoelr.

INDLKL JDAN\NG MN @LXN SNA [SNA ESNA EESNA ...

INDLKL MN@LXN

SJA

VSJA

OVSJA

OOVSJA

@DN[M

MNSEEL[I

...

E ^

^

KDI

KDS

Ungadnr8 Mn`zn Mkrosl8 > clt (@dlp-@djp) Glccdo8 5 clt Cyto8 = clt Rjre8 >0 clt Ejucdo Rjre8 ;3 clt

www.ooaeorsgjtdnrl.kja


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Mor clr snidnyk, toi clr neroso snmlp nrid lzlisod clr yor(djkntljg) lbnd oeor. Elor clr eoyldo, mn`zn nerosdogocldlrsnidnykdnr ygjdnrni egdocldlr.

Mn`zn taeovroslglg llgeo, neros blrldorlglg ijeuguzp llgeoil snidnykdnreng clrlgl soaoi llg, clr ijezk djhli cudugur.

K[ (Kmlp [odokt) slgyndl, mn`zn taeovroslglg nitl` jdansllg, clr edjhli tnrn`geng rotldaosl boroiog ldi slgyndelr.RS vo SE slgynddorlglg euruadnrgn bro, soldl mn`znmkroslgo ynzan voyn jiuan boroidotlrldlr.

RO vo JO slgynddorl bogodeo clr mn`zn taeovroslzorlgeo, ynzan vo jiuan ldoadorlgl nitl`doaoyl codlrtogblrldor jdnrni bstorldlr.



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Uoi Cjyutdu Nerosdoao

l`t Cjyutdu Nerosdoao

Iodlao8 clt brucu 5,=,>0,;3,05, vs.) Neros8 clt brucugug mn`zn cdjugenil mkrosod

yorlgl bstorog sny. Mor clr iodlaoglg toi clrnerosl vnrer.

Inpnslto8 Mn`znenil tjpdna iodlao snys. Nerossnys vo nerosdogog iodlaoglg cjyutuydntngadngr. rg. >0 cltdli clr neros in nrid yor nerosdoyocldlr8

3>01 0?.?;0 nrid neros, mor clr neroslg = clt yngl >cnyt bstoraosl euruaugen mn`znen 0?.?;0 cytojdeuugu sydoyocldlrlz. Isn oildeo 05 Icyto voyn 05IC jdnrni l`neo oeldlr.

Clr mn`zngg ndncldaosl llg, uybudngng neros, vorlvo ijgtrjd slgynddorl llg znangdnansgrdnandnrcudugur.

Mn`zn slgynddorlgl ngndlz otaoi llg og cnslt ldoajiuan ovrlalelr.

Clr jiuanovrlalgeo nnen jdnydnr boroidolr8 Mn`zn blrldorlgo neros uybudngr.

K[ blrllgo djhli 6 uybudngnrni [SNA soldlr. [oldog mn`zn mkroslglg lorll, orlla znanggn (nkkoss

tlao) olt clr sro sjgrn ,vorl idnrgen bzdoglr. Neros mntdnr elor clr mn`zn mkroslgo ynzani voyn

jiuani llg eoltlrldocldlr.

Mn`zn blrldorlgo neros uybudngr. K[ blrllgo djhli 6 uybudngnrni [SNA soldlr. Mn`znyn ynzdnkni vorl, mn`zn vorl blrldorlgo

uybudngr. RO mntt nitl`doglr. Neros mntdnr, elor clr mn`zn mkroslgo

ynzani voyn jiuani llg eoltlrldocldlr.



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Neros vo ijgtrjd slgynddorlglg ijeugu zog ije zk,K[ slgyndlgl rotlr.

Mn`zn soldelitog sjgrn, mn`zngg RS slgyndl nitl`doglr. Cusrnen ynzdnkni vorleo clr eollidli jdanz vo sjg jdnrnicu vorl soldaljdng mkroyo ynzdr.

Clr vorlglg mn`znyn ynzdncldaosl llg boroiog alglauasroyo tw, RS enrcoslgl rotog alirjldoakl uyani

zjrugener.

Mn`zn nerosl, alirjldoakl tnrn`geng sndngr. Alirjldoaklglg ndans srnsgen cu mntdnr bzdoyog clr

ije zk, orlldaoi lstogog mn`zn clrlalglg neroslglgrotldaoslgeog isn clr sro sjgrn, cu ijeu zoroi K[slgyndlgl rotlr.

Neros rotlalgeog sjgrn, vorlglg itn jiuanyn mnzrjdans llg boog znangn orlla znang tNeoglr. Og nz cuinenr clr znang sjgrn, alirjldoakl SE slgyndlgl nitl`

ynpnrni vorlyl jiur.



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NESO[DOAO UN[NSLAL

Coddoi mnrltnsg jduturaneng gko nneniltoaod invrnadnrg cldlgaoslgo boroislglavnrer8

Iuddngdng alirjldoaklglg neros vo vorl yjdubogldll

doaklglg yrtaoyo cndnan nerosl

doaklglg mn`zn clrladorlydo mncordoaoeoiuddngeyjd ijgtrjd slgynddorl

Clr alirjldoaklglg sndne neros cltdorlglgsnys, ldoaklglg ejrueng nerosdoyocldokolmn`zn mkrodorlglg snysg, elor clr eoldomn`zn neros ndngg(aoajry neeross spnko)codlrtlr.

Clr ldoaklyo nlt mn`zn ndnggg clr oildeobstorldaoslgo mn`zn mnrltns(aoajry anp)eoglr. Cu mnrltn oidl zorlgeo, alirjldoakldlslstoalg iuddnge voyn iuddngncldokol mn`znajeddorlglg sgrdnrbstorldlr.

Cu ndng lorlslgeo, eolli mn`zn clrladorlglgyngsrn, L/J clrladorl eo cudugur. 6666m

@@@@m

Nan8 Alirjldoakl toaoddl clr slstoa lorlslgeo `nrid mn`zn vo

L/J odoangdnr cudugncldlr. Alirjldoakl cugdnrg tnanagygotocldaodlelr. Coddoi tnsnragg nank, neros yjduguovroeoil ta cldoogdorl inpsnynkni oildeoezogdoaoitlr.

doa Neadnr8

Iuddngdnkni ta odoangdnr (mn`zn odoangdnr vo L/J)soldlr. Coddoi mnrltns tnsnrdngr. Neros vo ijgtrjd lnrotdorlglg cndngtd jdeuu angtisnd

eovrodor (ije zkdor + ijaclgnsyjgod angti eovrodorl)tnsnrdngr.



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[jru8 Alirjldoakl N.\.8 >0-clt, P.\.8=-clt Cnd odoangdnr8 5IC OVSJA + 3IC SNA OVSJA Cndngb nerosl8 (6666m)

Coddoi Unsnrag boroidotlrlglz.

[jru8 Alirjldoakl N.\.8 >0-clt, P.\.8=-clt Cnd odoangdnr8 5IC OVSJA + 3IC SNA OVSJA Cndngb nerosl8 (6666m)


[jru8 Alirjldoakl N.\.8 >0-clt, P.\.8=-clt Cnd odoangdnr8 =IC OVSJA + 5IC SNA + 3IC OOVSJA + 5C [nidnyk lorog 3

neot L/J odoang OVSJA Cndngb nerosl8 (6666m)


05IC nerosdoao yotogolgo snmlp clr alirjldoakldl slstoa llgnnen vorldog mn`zn vo blrls/i clrladorlgo orlla sndnyngmn`zn slstoa tnsnrag boroidoaoglz lstogaoitoelr. Unsnraldoal clr neot 5 blrlsdl ije zk iuddngnrni mn`zn ndngg og lyleoordogelrokoi oildeo boroidogokoitlr.

Iuddngdnkni ije zk soldog i llg djhli > rotaoitoelr.Iuddngdng mn`zn vo blrls is odoangdnr solal djhli 6 ldoboroidosaoitoelr.

Odoangdnr8 = IC SJA (> neot) + = IC OOVSJA (> neot) + 5 IC

SNA (3 neot) + 5 C\UO blrls/is clrlal (3 neot) [lstoa mn`zn mnrltnsg 6666m neroslgeog cndnynrni vorldog srn ldo

orlldokoi soildeo codlrdoylglz.

Codlrdoelblglz mn`zn mnrltns llg mn`zn slstoa orllal boroidoyog angtieovroslgl lzlglz.



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Ejgnga zorlgeo prjbrna vo vorl mn`znnyrd Mnrwnre Alanrl jdnrni nedngerdr.Vrjbrna vo vorl mn`znsgg clrdotlrldaoslPjg Gouangg alanrlsl jdnrni nedngerdr.

MnrwnrePjg Gouangg



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>0 Clt nerosyjdu, = Clt vorlyjdu, LJ/A ijgtrjd lnrotl cudugngclr slstoaeo =Ix= OVSJA + 5Ix= SNA + 3Ix= OOVSJA MN@LXN ODOANGDNSL vo 5x=

cjyutugen snidnyk cudugng 3 neot L/J clrlal aovkuttur.

OVSJA (6666m) neroslgeog cndnynknitr. Coddoi tnsnrag boroidotlrlglz.



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MN@UN 3

Cu isa ejgngasnd

srodorl boroidoaoitoelr.Alirjldoaklyl iuddngngg

aenmndoslgo ni eoldelr.

Iuddngng ta zoddlidorlgo

mnila jdander.

Inygni Ije

NEE S6, S>...

Cndnyk

Inygni IjeAnilgo Ijeu

#lgkdueo4...7#lgkdueo4...7#eo`lgo4...7

Eordoylkl

Inygni Ije +Itpmngo oidorl

>36@;5O?C>KE@>...

Itpmngo Jchokt Ije8 Moxneokland



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Alirjldoakl, mn`zn odoangdnr vo blrl-iclrladorlgeog jdung ejgngasnd ynpyn alirjldoakldlslstoa ne vorldaoitoelr.

Nsdgen slstoa llgeoil ta cldoogdor, angtisndjdnrni snidnykdnreng aoyengn bodaoitoelr. Ctgsrodor, snidnykdnr zorlgeoil cldbldorlg clrclrdorlnrnsgen tngans voyn codlrdl ldoadorlboroidotlrocldaoi (rg. Ujpdnan, inran,inyeran, vo, voyn vc.) llg angti eovrodorl yjduydnldoa braoslydo boroidogaoitoelr.

Nssoacdoreo jduturudng ijednr, alirjldoaklglg cutnan voyn angti eovrodorlgl ndtransrodorlgl boroidotlrocldaoslgl sndnanitner.

Alirjldoaklglg zorlgeo cudugng snidnykdnrn enmldl (lgtorgnd)snidnykdnr, alirjldoaklyo cndngng ovro clrladorlglgzorlgeoil snidnykdnrn lso mnrlkl (oxtorgnd) snidnyk nevorldaoitoelr.

Enmldl snidnykdnr nrltaotli-djhli ldoador vo botlr btr ldoadorlllg iuddngdriog, mn`zn odoangdnr zorlgeoil snidnykdnr indkvoyn bolkl eopjdnan llg iuddngdanitner. L/J clrladorlgeoilsnidnykdnr lso tnapjgdnan voyn i ldoadorlgeoalirjldoakleog bodog vorlyl tutan, blrl ldoadorlgeo lso eegyneng bodog cldblyl tutan nankydn iuddngdr.

Alirjldoakldl slstoadorl jduturng snidnykdnr tjpduduu vonrndnrgenil vorl trngsòrdorlglg oidl slstoa alanrlsl jdnrnilsladogelrldlr. [lstoa llgeoil snidnykdnrg oltdorl vo trngsòroilddorl, iuddngdncldokoi ijaut tlpdorl, ijautdnrg ndansrosl, alirjldoakl alanrlslgl codlrdor.

[nidnykdnr nrns vorl trngsòrl Ijautdnr ldo clr euruaeng cnin clr euruan

bol [gnan ldoadorl vo prjbrna ygdogelrao

ND_NrltaotlkDjblk_glt(Ijautdnrg yrtde clrla)Nrltaotli doadorAngtisnd doadorInrdntran doadorl

K_ Kjgtrjd _glt

[nidnykdnr nrns vorl trngsòrdorl ND_ ldoadorlglg eogotlalovro clrlador ldo sogirjglznsyjg (Cu nandn slstoa snntlgl iuddngr)



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Ije8

\nrnp nd rrglg inroslgl cudpl sncltl ldo nrp

[jguku ynz

Enlroglg ndngg mosnpdnyng clr ijeu ldoakleo ndtrncldaoi llg

[nclt8 pl

Eoliogdor8r, n

blrl

i

VrjbrnaM

n`zn

PorlMn`zn Alirjldoakljiu

Clr alirjldoaklglg ndans osgnsgen ijgtrjd clrlaltnrn`geng yorlgo botlrldog lil toaod ldoa vnrer. Ijaut Jiuan (@OUKM)8 Alirjldoaklglg prjbrna

mn`zneng (ACS ldo) clr ldoa ijeu ndp ijaut snidnyksgn(LS) botlraosl ldoalelr.

Ijaut \rtao (O]OK_UO)8 Ijaut snidnyksgn bodogijaut ldo mngbl ldoalg ynpdnkn, yngl mngbl angti

eovrodorlglg nitl` mndo botlrldokol ijaut ije zktnrn`geng codlrdoglr. Boroidl lnrot rotladorl ijgtrjdeovrosl tnrn`geng boroidotlrldlr. Oor ldoalgboroidotlrldocldaosl llg vorl voyn vorldoro lmtlyn vnrsn(rg. tjpdnan), ldoalg lmtlyn euyeuu vorldor, vorlmn`znsgeng botlrldoroi ijautug yrtdaoslgo eovnaoeldlr.



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Cu eld, cldblglg coddoi vo alirjldoaklglg enmldl snidnykdnrzorlgeo gnsd orlldellgl vo ldoa bregngdntaninankydn iuddngdng clr bstorla oidlelr.

Y]Q9 ]lglorll 9 Porl trngs`orlgl codlrtlr. [jd isa moeo`, [n isa

inygni YANSQYVKQ 9 VKglg lorll ANS snidnyksgg lorlslgo

nitnrdr. Y;QY?Q 9 ?. ijguaug lorll ;. ijguan nitnrdr. ( x1y9 blcl) YVKQYVKQ+> 9 Vrjbrna snyksgg lorllgl > nrttr. YA(x)Q 9 Coddolg x ijguaugug lorll YA(36)QYVKQ9 Coddolg x ijguaugug lorll VKglg lorll

ldo yidoglr.

KV_gug clr ijautu yrtaoeog gko, cu ijautucoddoitog botlraosl boroilr.

Vrjbrna Kjugtor(VK), coddoito yrtdokoi clrsjgrnil ijautug neroslgl lorlr.

Ijautug botlrldaosl llg VKglg lorll AoajryNeeross Soblstor (ANS)n nitnrdr. YANSQYVKQ

Nregeng VKglg lorll clr nrttrdr. YVKQYVK+>Q

ANS, ynzan ovrlal voyn jiuan ovrlal srnsgengzorlgeo ldoa ynpdnkni coddoi ijguaugug neroslglcnrgerr.

Cu nnanen ANS, VKglg nrtaeng clr gkoil lorllglyngstr.

Jiuan ovrlal boroidotlrldellgeo ANS ldocodlrdogal jdng coddoi ijguaugug lorll jiuguplorll ACS(AoajryCu``orSoblstoro) nitnrdr. YACSQY A( YANSQ ) Q

ACS jiuan ovrlal srnsgen coddoitog jiugng

vorldorlg bolkl jdnrni tutudeuu9 ynzan ovrlalsrnsgen en coddoo ynzdnkni vorldorlg bolkl jdnrnitutudeuu clr snidnyker.

ACSglg lorll enmn sjgrn LS (LgstruktljgSoblstor)jdnrni nedngerdng snidnykyn nitnrdr. YLSQY ACS Q



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rg8 V 1 N + S6 ldoalglg boroidotlrldaosl

...NEE N, S69 Coddoitoil S ijguaugug lorllgl Niadntro oido....

NEE N, S69 sntrgg SUD ldo l`neosl nnenil blclelr9@OUKMYANSQYVKQ9 VKglg lorll ANSnijpyndngr.YVKQYVKQ+ >9 VKglg lorll > nrttrdr.YACSQ YA ( YANSQ ) Q9 Ijaut coddoitog jiugurYLSQYACSQ9 Ijaut LSyo nitnrdr.K_YLS (jp-kjeo)Q9 Jp-kjeo ijgtrjd clrlalgo nitnrdr.

NEEYANSQYLS(neeross)Q9 Jpornge ANSn nitnrdr.YACSQ YA( YANSQ )Q9 N ijguaugu coddoitog jiuYND_QYACSQ9YND_Q YS6Q9 Oidoao ldoalgl boroidotlrlr.YS6QYND_Q9 [jgu S6n ynzdr.

Enddngan (Crngkm) vo [rnan (Huap) KV_yu ijautdnrggjrand lkrn srnsgg egn iansgn zjrdnyngijautdnrer. Crngkmdnr coddl clr nrtn broboroidotlrldlriog, Huapdnr llg nrt sz ijgusu eoldelr.(L@ ....OD[O....) voyn (BJUJ)

KjgeltljgKjeoSoblstor (KKS), mor clr ijautugldotldaoslgeog sjgrn ND_gug sjgu eoorlgo bro oildndr.

Crngkmijautu yrtdokolgeo K_(Kjgtrjd_glt) KKSglgjngil euruaugu sjrbudnr. [jrbudnan sjgukugn bro,ynijautdnrg srnydn ldotldaoslgo eovna oeldlr ynen coddoizorlgeo `nrid clr cdboyo enddngdnrni ijautdnr yrtdr.



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MN@UN ;



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MN@UN 5

Nerosdoao Ajednr KV_ tnsnradnrgen ijaut sotlalanrlslglg goadl clr pnrnsg jduturanitner.

Mormngbl clr ijaut sotl alanrlslgeo tngad oltdlnerosdoao ajednr, j alanrleoil anilgo eldl ijednrggmor clr ijautug jpornge voyn jporngednrg gnsdiuddngnknidnrg codlrdor.

Nerosdoao ajeu, clr anilgo ijeu enmldlgeoil voynmormngbl clr gjitnenil snidnykdnren vo/voyn sncltdoreoilcldbldorl iuddngnrni clr jporngeg otilg coddoi neroslgl gnsdmosnpdnyncldokolgl codlrdor.

Nan, alirjeogotdoylklglg snidnykdnrgn orlaoi, coddoindngdnrgn orlaoi, prjbrna coddolgeo lstogog yoroorloroi prjbrna ygdogelrao ldoadorlglboroidotlraoitlr.

voel Nerosdoao (Laaoelnto Nerosslgb) [nidnyk Nerosdoao (Soblstor Nerosslgb) Elroit Nerosdoao (Elrokt Nerosslgb)

Ejdnyd Nerosdoao (Lgelrokt Nerosslgb) Cnd Nerosdoao (Sodntlvo Nerosslgb) Autdni Nerosdoao (Ncsjduto Nerosslgb)

_zug Nerosdoao (Djgb Nerosslgb)

Lgeoisdl Nerosdoao (Lgeox Nerosslgb)

voel nerosdoaoeo ijautug iogelsliuddngdnkni eoorl loraoitoelr. Cu enmnyisoi sovlyo elddoreo rgolg 2 voyn ;< blclsncltdorl iuddngani blclelr.

#eo`lgo VL ;.>5...Ndng 1 VL * r * r



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Ijautug jporngednr codlrdl snidnykdnrn lnrototaoitoelr.

Cu snidnykdnr Alirjeogotdoylklglg cngidnr llgeo cudugng

snidnykdnr (S6-S2)

Niadntr blcl zod nand snidnykdnr

Ijaut ejrueng neros cldblslgl loraoitoelr.

Ijaut jpornge jdnrni snidnykdnrg lorlidorlgl nerosjdnrni ndanitner.

[nidnykgg (S6-S>) lorll lnrotl jdnrni iuddngdr.



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NKNDD vo NHAV ijautdnr ldo iuddngdr. 3 ICdli mnroiot ndng vnrer. LVglg lorllgeoil >> cltdli neros, vorldog

jpornge ldo eoltlrldlr.

DKNDD vo DHAV ijautdnr iuddngdr. Mnroiot ndng 05 ICdi ndnger. 05 IC ndng lorlslgeo lstoell mormngbl clr

gjitnyn bleocldlr.

Ijaut cnz snidnyks ldo j``sotl lorlr.



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Porl Urngs`or Ijautdnr Nrltaotli ldoa ijautdnr Djhli ldoa ijautdnr Vrjbrna \gdogelrao Ijautdnr

AJP

AJPK

AJP]

V_[M

VJV ]KM

]KME

[RNV



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NEE

NEEK

EN

[_CC

A_D

ELP

LGK

EOK



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NGD JSD ]SD KDS [OU

KVD SD SS SDK SSK



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DKNDD

NKNDD

[AV

NHAV

DHAV

SOU



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Ijautdnr inpdne mn`zn nsgengeoordogelrldaodlelr. > Cyto, 3 Cyto, ; Cyto

Ijautdnr ldoa srodorl nsgengeoordogelrldaodlelr. > AK, 3 AK, 5 AK

ndan sjgrnsgen eurua snidnykdnrgotildogaoslgo bro eoordogelrldaodlelr. Nerosdoao yotogoidorl nsgeng

eoordogelrldaodlelr. dovdorl nsgeng eoordogelrldaodlelr.



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Mikroişlemciler - Uludağ Üniversitesi - Konu Anlatımı