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Mr. Nelson – APHG – Chapter 10 (Agriculture) Test

1.)Production of agricultural products destined primarily for direct consumption by the producer rather than for market is called:A.) Plantation farmingB.) Hunting and gatheringC.) Subsistence agricultureD.) Sedentary cultivationE.) Shifting-field agriculture

2.)Von Thunen’s emphasized which of the following factors in his model of agricultural land use?A.) Labor costB.) Transportation costC.) Fertilizer costD.) Machinery costE.) Seasonal fluctuations in prices of farm products

3.) Dramatic increases in global grain production since 1950 have been made possible by:A.)Substantial decreases in the amount of land under cultivationB.) Global warmingC.) An increase in the urban workforceD.) An increase in the agricultural workforceE.) An increase in the use of energy and technology

4.) Which of the following statements best describes the impact of improvements in transportation systems on agriculture?A.) Local markets have become more important for dairy farmersB.) Individual farms have become more diversifiedC.) Corporate farms have gained a greater advantage over family farmsD.) Subsistence farmers are given great advantagesE.) Cuisines have become more regionalized

5.) During the first half of the twentieth century, which of the following facilitated the transportation of beef over long distances to global markets?A.) Commercial canningB.) Irradiation of foodC.) Refrigerated shipsD.) AirplanesE.) High-speed railroads

6.) In which of the following countries is terracing LEAST likely to be used by farming groups to create additional space and minimize erosion on steep slopes?A.) NepalB.) PeruC.) The PhilippinesD.) NigerE.) Greece

7) Agriculture practiced in California differs from forms practiced in other Mediterranean agricultural regions because in California:A.) Grapes are grown for wine productionB.) Farms use more irrigationC.) Farms are smallerD.) Farms rely on local labor

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E.) Wheat is grown in the winter as a cover crop

8.) Which of the following is a characteristic of shifting cultivation?A.) Dependency on irrigationB.) SharecroppingC.) Production of cash crops for exportD.) Demand for wage laborersE.) Multicropping

9.) Why is the traditional classification of agriculture as a primary economic activity a problem when considering the geography of agriculture?A.) Modern farmers are engaged in production, research, marketing, and some manufacturing of their productsB.) Agricultural employment is such a small fraction of the labor force in the industrialized countries that agriculture can no longer be thought of as a primary economic activity.C.) Unlike mining, forestry, and other primary activities, agriculture has not been affected by industrializationD.) Traditional patterns of farming are disappearingE.) Modern farmers use machinery

10.) Production of agricultural products destined primarily for direct consumption by the producer rather than for market is called:a.) plantation farming, b.) hunting/gathering, c.) subsistence agriculture, d.) sedentary cultivation, e.) shifting-field agriculture

11.) Agriculture practiced in California differs from forms practiced in other Mediterranean agricultural regions because in California:a.) grapes are grown for wine production, b.) farms use more irrigation, c.) farms are smaller, d.) farms rely on local labor, e.) wheat is grown in the winter as a cover crop

12.) Which of the following profiles characterizes the population group that is most likely to migrate?a.) Married, 25 years old, b.) Single, 25 years old, c.) Married, 50 years old, d.) Single, 50 years old, e.) Married, 65 years old

13.) The world's three major monotheistic religions originated in which of the following regions?a.) East Asia, b.) Southwest Asia, c.) Eastern Europe, d.) Western Europe, e.) Africa

14.) A clustering of doctor's offices and pharmacies near hospitals is BEST explained by the benefits? a.) decentralization, b.) agglomeration, c.) intervening opportunity, d.) balkanization, e.) enfranchisement

15.) The Internet is reshaping traditional economic arrangements by:a.) reinforcing the dominance of the central business district for retail sales, b.) expanding the importance of express package delivery systems, c.) increasing the importance of rail transportation as compared to truck transportation, d.) bringing consumers and producers into face-to-face contact, e.) creating more enclosed shopping malls

16.) In terms of total tonnage, which of the following is currently the leading export crop in the world? a.) Cofee, b.) Sugar can, c.) Wheat, d.) Corn, e.) Rice

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17.) In which of the following world regions has the Green Revolution had the least impact on agriculture?A.)East AsiaB.) South AsiaC.) Southeast AsiaD.) Central AmericaE.) Sub-Saharan Africa

18.) Which of the following is an example of an ethnic religion?a.) Islam, b.) Mormonism, c.) Buddhism, d.) Judaism, e.) Roman Catholicism

19.) Von Thunen emphasized which of the following factors in his model of agricultural land use?a.) Labor cost, b.) Transportation costs, c.) Fertilizer cost, d.) Machinery costs, e.) Seasonal fluctuations in prices of farm products

20.) Which of the following is a characteristic of shifting cultivation?a.) Dependency on irrigation, b.) sharecropping, c.) Production of cash crops for export, d.) Demand for wage laborers, e.) multicropping

21.) Which of the following areas has the greatest linguistic fragmentation?a.) Korea, b.) Scandinavia, c.) Caucasus, d.) Argentina, e.) Quebec

22.) Rostow’s modernization model is concerned with which of the following concepts?a.) Dependency, b.) Structuralism, c.) Core-periphery relations, d.) Economic development, e.) Neocoonialism

23.) All of the following twentieth century migration streams were propelled by persecution or open conflict EXCEPT:a.) Asians leaving Uganda, b.) Kosovars leaving Rwanda, c.) Tutsis leaving Rwanda, d.) Hindus leaving Pakistan, e.) Mexicans leaving Mexico

24.) Which of the following countries consumes the most fossil fuels per capita?a.) China, b.) India, c.) Japan, d.) England, e) The United States

25.) Green Revolution technology has resulted in which of the following in modern agriculture? A.) the development of high-yield grains and the expansion of cultivated areasB.) The construction of new irrigation systems and a reduction in the use of fertilizersC.) An increase in the circulation of investment capital to help the poorest farmersD.) The loss of prime agricultural land and smaller yields from grain cropsE.) The end of famine in the world

26.) Genetic engineering of agricultural crops has primarily increased the productivity of modern farming by:A.) converting annual plants to perennials, which do not require replantingB.) increasing the size of fruits and grainsC.) increasing plants’ drought resistance and resistance to pestsD.) cutting the cost of bulk seeds during planting seasonsE.) changing vegetable and fruit colors to suit consumer demands

27.) Which of the following is the most often cited environmental benefit of the eat-local movement?

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A.) Less fossil fuel is used in transporting food to marketB.) Fewer pesticides are used by farmersC.) Less topsoil is lost to wind and water erosionD.) There is less demand for chemical fertilizersE.) It helps local and regional economies

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30. All the following have been considered new industrial countries EXCEPT(A) Hong Kong (D) China(B) South Korea (E) Indonesia(C) Brazil

31. Which of the following is an example of a quinary-sector economic activity?(A) Working at a cash register at McDonald’s (B) Serving as a researcher for human genetic cloning (C) Serving on the U.S. president’s cabinet (D) Converting crude oil into gasoline(E) Plowing land in preparation for planting a crop

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32. The second agricultural revolution developed at the same time as(A) growing urban markets were demanding increased food production(B) improved genetic modification of food allowed for increased harvests in developing countries(C) humans were forming communes and practicing open-field farming(D) vast shortages in laborers existed because of communicable diseases(E) large streams of migrants moved from core to peripheral countries

33. All the following are true of truck farming EXCEPT:(A) Among the most common truck crops are tomatoes, strawberries, and lettuce.(B) Most often it is characterized by the use of mechanized farming tools.(C) Labor costs are often relatively high on these large-scale farming operations.(D) It is the predominant agricultural practice found in the southeastern United States.(E) Truck farmers’ harvests are usually intended for distant markets.

34. The United Nations Human Development Index is based on the assumption that a country’s development(A) is directly related to its position in the core or periphery(B) is a function of social, demographic, and economic factors(C) can improve if countries liberalize trade policies(D) is indicated most accurately by its gross domestic product(E) is a reflection of its population count

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. The photograph above shows a farm most likely located in which of the following regions?(A) Sub-Saharan Africa (B) North Africa(C) Southwest Asia (D) Southeast Asia(E) Eastern Europe

36. The informal sector in a developing country exists for all the following reasons EXCEPT:(A) Tertiary economies in the formal sector are not developed well enough to absorb all the economies of the informal sector.(B) The demand for informal-sector goods and services keeps prices low.

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(C) Informal-sector workers and businesses cannot afford permanent business sites.(D) The government benefits from taxing informal-sector workers and their small businesses.(E) The quality of products and the quality of work in the informal sector are low.

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38. In von Thünen’s theory, the key variable in an agricultural location decision is(A) labor cost(B) value of agglomeration benefits(C) climate type(D) cost of irrigation(E) transportation cost

39. Which of the following best describes shifting cultivation?(A) Primarily a subsistence practice, it involves a farmer using a plot and then abandoning it for return at a later time.(B) Usually a commercial agriculture endeavor, it involves rotating one crop type on a plot for another in a sequential pattern.(C) I t is t h e movement of pastoral nomads from one food source to another.(D) Only used in wetlands, it is the use of pyramid-style farms for rice farming.(E) It involves the intensive, commercial integration of crops and livestock into a farming system.

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40. Where would you most likely find the greatest concentration of feedlots in America?(A) Chicago (B) South Dakota(C) California (D) Kentucky(E) Florida

41. The seasonal migration of animal livestock from lowland pastures to mountainous regions is termed(A) intensive subsistence agriculture(B) mixed crop and livestock farming(C) double cropping(D) transhumance(E) swidden agriculture

42. Which of the following strategies was identified by the 2004 United Nations International Conference on Population and Development as the most powerful approach for reducing the global population growth rate?(A) Increasing the amount of exports to less-developed countries(B) Retracting anticontraception laws throughout conservative countries(C) Reducing hunger throughout the world(D) Empowering the socioeconomic status of women in less-developed countries(E) Enforcing demographic growth rate targets in specific countries through coalition building

43. In Rostow’s economic development model, the stage in which workers become more skilled and modern technology spreads to industries beyond the innovating “takeoff” industry is called the(A) traditional society(B) preconditions for takeoff(C) takeoff(D) drive to maturity(E) age of high mass consumption

44. The focus of the Green Revolution was(A) improving crop yields in commercial agribusiness corporations(B) reducing starvation in less-developed countries(C) inventing new forms of food to add variety to the human diet(D) saving undeveloped land from urban sprawl(E) encouraging the use of fertilizers less damaging to the environment

45. Structural adjustment programs often encourage all the following EXCEPT(A) selling off public resources to private corporations(B) higher taxation rates(C) closing of export-processing zones(D) reducing government expenditures(E) charging citizens more for government services

46.) Which of the following is true of hunting and gathering as an activity?A.) It has led to the depletion of natural resourcesB.) It is prevalent where resources are rich and climate conditions are not extremeC.) It is pursued by less than 1% of the contemporary human populationD.) It is limited in tropical areas

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E.) It does not have a gender-based division of labor

47.) Which of the following includes the world’s earliest centers of plant domestication?A.) British Isles, Scandinavia, United StatesB.) Northeast Asia, Eastern Europe, South AfricaC.) Australia, New Zealand, ChinaD.) Southeast Asia, Mesoamerica, Middle EastE.) Russia

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