North America in 1750: Who would fight for land? Both French and English keep expanding their boundaries French moved into the Mississippi Valley English moved into the Ohio Valley Conflict Ahead! French Small but effective army Strong forts in Quebec Indian support Had unity under the King British Larger population Controlled the Atlantic Ocean More supplies **BUT Lacked unity Advantages of: Goals: 1. Unite the colonies! colonies! 2. Be friendly with the Natives! the Natives! Powers: 1.Collect taxes 2.Regulate Indian affairs 3.Raise army 4.Pass laws-that would apply to all colonies FAILED: Colonists did NOT want to give up their individual powers! 1754, Ben Franklins Albany Plan First Political Cartoon! Propaganda- information used to promote a political cause or point of view Often biased! How could THIS cartoon influence the point of view of colonists?? Native American tribes exploited both sides! Britain France 1756 War Is Formally Declared! British March in formation or bayonet charge. British officers wanted control of colonists. Self-important British officers wanted servants & tea. Drills & tough discipline. Colonists should pay for their own defense. Indian-style guerilla tactics. Colonial militias served under own captains. No strict military rules observed. Resistance to rising taxes. Casual, non-professionals. Methods of Fighting: Military Organization: Military Discipline: Finances: Attitude: War creates tension between Britain & colonies! Colonists He understood colonial concerns, so he offered them a compromise. He understood colonial concerns, so he offered them a compromise. If the colonists are loyal & support the military, Britain would: If the colonists are loyal & support the military, Britain would: Reimburse the colonies for their costs Reimburse the colonies for their costs Send the best of the British military Send the best of the British military RESULTS? 1.Colonial morale increased by LOTS of money spent on the colonies! 1757 William Pitt Becomes British Prime Minister 1759 England wins Quebec and the tide turns. WHY??? 1759 England wins Quebec and the tide turns. WHY??? Spain becomes a secret ally of France against British Spain becomes a secret ally of France against British The Tide Turns for England! France --> Lost her Canadian possessions to the British. Lost lands east of the Mississippi River to Spain. Spain --> Got all lands west of the Mississippi River and New Orleans from France, but lost Florida to England. England --> Got all French lands in Canada, Florida from Spain, and exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade Treaty of Paris North America in 1763 1. It increased her colonial empire in the Americas. 2. It greatly enlarged Englands debt. 3. Britains contempt for the colonists created bitter feelings. Effects of the War on Britain 1. It united them against a common enemy for the first time. 2. It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated. 3. It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify. Effects of the War on the American Colonists 1763 Pontiacs Rebellion: -Natives angry that the British keep building on more land! -Natives angry about prices of trade goods! -British dont have MORE money to spend on protecting their colonies! The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Frontier Pontiacs Rebellion (1763) British Proclamation Line of Goal: End fighting with the Natives! Proclamation of 1763 1.Drew an imaginary line along the Appalachian Mountains 2.Colonists not allowed to settle west of this line! If you already settled in this area, you must leave! 3.British sent 10,000 troops to enforce this law! Proclamation of 1763 Results: Colonists very angry! This rule hurt trade! AND they had to help pay for the troops that Britain sent! British get a new Prime Minister, George Grenville He wants colonies to pay for the French and Indian War since the land is in North America NOT what previous Prime Minister, Pitt, had promised! Proclamation of 1763