O Nhiem Nuoc & PPXL

8/9/2019 O Nhiem Nuoc & PPXL

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Nhim Nc

Phng Php X L


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Nhim Nc

I. nh ngha nhim ncII.Phn loi nhimIII.Cc khi nim lin quan

IV. nhim nc mt:V. nhim nc ngm:VI.So snh nhim nc mt v nc ng

II.S trao i gia nc mt v nc ngmVIII.S xm nhp ca nc bin

IX.Cc ch tiu cht lng nc


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NhimNc =

Ho HcVt LSinh hc

+ +

S suy thoicht lng Nc

v cc ch tiu:

I. nh ngha nhim nc


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Cht gy

nhim

L khi lngCht vt qu

gii hn cho php

Gii hn gy hi

Ni lu tr nc lu hn sd v nhanh nhim hn


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II.Phn loi nhim1.Theo ngun gc

2.Theo bn cht

3.Theo tc nhn


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TheoNgun

Gc

T nhin:ma,ma acid,

tuyt,bo, lt,lm ratri cc cht b mt

Nhn to:cc loinc thi:Cng nghip +

Nng nghip +Sinh hot +

Giao thng +


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Theo

BnCht

Hu c: Cc cht dinh dng;

Cc loi vi sinh(to,vi khun)Lm gim O2,gy bnh dch

V c: Tc nhn vt l(to,mu,

c, mi, cht l lngTc nhn ho hc(kim loi,pH,dioxin,thuc bo v thc vt


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TheoTc

Nhn

Tc nhn sinh hc:Cc loi vikhun,to, nmgy bnh,

tiu hao O2Tc nhn ho hc: cc cht

v hu c, du trn

cc kim loi gy c hiTc nhn vt l:togy xc to

cc cht l lng:gim

chiu sng Tc nhn phng x gy hi

ln d lng nh


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3.Vit Nam: t l ngi nhim giun sn,giun a, giun mc...c xeml cao nhtth gii.Nhng kho st cho thygn100%

tr em t 4 - 14 tui nng thn nhim

giun a, t 50 - 80% nhim giun mc


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4.Nc nhi m kim loi nng:c n ng cao cc kl:Hg, Cd, Pb, As, Sb, Cr,Cu,

Zn, Mn... tch t trong c th gy hicho Ngi v cc loi sinh vt

5. nhim ph dng: do nc c d lngln N v P to iu kin cho thc vt phdu pht trin gy c nc v ngn cn

nh sng chiu xung.Phn ng ca mi phn t thc vt ph duCH2O116NH316HNO3+138O2106CO2

+ 122H2O + 16HNO3 + H3PO4.


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H in Tr ti Cn Minh, Vn Nam,h ln th th su ti Trung Quc chuyn sang

mu xanh v b to tn cng.


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6. nhim du trn: do cc hin tngm tu, xc ra tau, s c khai thc...

lm du loangtrn mt bin gy nhim rng trn h sinh thi

mt bin v vng b.


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I

V.

nhim nc mt:

Ngun im: tccming cng xthi l ngun d

Kim sot v x l

Ngun khuch tn:T nc ti nngnghip,t cc vng

khai thc m,machy trn l ngunkh kim sot v

x l .


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Xy ra nhanh Din ra chm hn

VI. So snh

nhim nc Mt nhim nc Ngm

Nhn trc tip t ngun Nhn gin tip

Gim nhim nhanh do

d c pha long, lngt v c cc k t lmsch ca mi trng

Gim nhim chm do

kh c pha long,lngt v t c cc k t lm

sch ca mi trng


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Nc mt nhim

II.S trao i gia nc m

v nc ngm:

nhim nc ngm

Lngng


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VIII.S xm nhp ca nc bin:

V nc ngt c mt t hn nc bin 1000 sovi 1025mg/cm3.Ct nc ngt cao 41cm

cn bng vi 40cm nc bin


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IX.Cc ch tiu cht lng nc

Tu mc ch s dng m ta racc ch tiu cht lng nc khc nhau:


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Phng Php X Lnc nhim:

PP vt l PP ho hc PP sinh hc+ +


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I. Quy trnh x l gm3 giai on chnh:

Tinx l

x lgiai on

3

X l

giai on2


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Tin x l:lc cc vt cht ln,cn.Giai onny loi c 30-40% cht gy nhim.Giai

on ny ch yu dng cc pp vt l.


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X l giai on 2:dng pp lc sinh hc cabn hot tnh:trc l phn hu hiu kh rik kh.Qu trnh ny li c 90% cht n

X l giai on 2: dng pp lc sinh hc cabn hot tnh:trc l phn hu hiu kh rio kh.Qu trnh ny loi c 90% cht n


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X l giai on 3: dng cc ho cht,ct lcthan lc loi ht cc cht cn li trong

nc dng vo cc mc ch khc nhauti cy,bm vo b bi,


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II. X l nc thi nn

l phc hi ti nguyn nc.


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l thng kh

h t hoi

bn cha

lp t lc

h rc t hoi


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n gin d lm v d dng 30% ngi dnM dng = trn 22triu h thng ang hot

ng v khong na triu c xy mi nm

Nhng c nhng hn ch: c ri ro, phthuc vo khn nng lc ca lp t di,

c th gy nhim cho lp nc ngm


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Lut v chnh sch v

nc thi.

Lut nc mt:

Lut nc ngm:

Lut nc Lin Bang:


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Lut rc thi nm 1899:Nm rc(ko ung ni)l hnh ng tri php lut

Lut qun l nc v nhim nm 1956:Mcch l kim sot chi tit cht lngnc

v ngn chn, iu tit, v gim i s nhim

Lut kt hp v c v ng vt hoang d nm1958: Mc tiu l bo v cc con p, h sinhthi hoang gi, cc khu bo tn v kim sot l

Chnh sch mi trng quc gia nm 1969:ch ti nhng tc n mi trng ca cc

bangv tm im l ti nguyn nc


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Lut ci thin cht lng nc nm 1970:Lut ny m rng thm lut c nm 1956,

qun l thm s nhim ca du v cc cht nhim nguy hi.

Lut qun l nhim nc lin bang s i

nm 1970. Mc ch l lm ngun nc schhn, n c ti tr 1t dollars cho cng ngh

Lut sa i 1984: Gim tim nng gy

nhim ca du m ti ngun nc ngm

Lut cht lng nc 1987: chnh sch qunl phi chnh tr ca quc gia v nhim nc


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Tng kt:

Thc trang nhim nc hin nayl rt bo ng, din ra nhiu ni.

Lut php l cch tt nht bo v

ngun nc, v gim thi nhim.V nh nc cn quan tm ng mci vi vic s dng nc.


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Cng ngh hin nay c th loib c 95% cht gy nhim.

V vy hy xem vic x l nc thi

l khi phc ngun ti nguyn.


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Cmn!

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