OLD HICKORY TAKES OVER!OLD HICKORY TAKES OVER!OLD HICKORY TAKES OVER!OLD HICKORY TAKES OVER!

JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY BEGINS

Essential Question:Essential Question:

Is Andrew Jackson a Is Andrew Jackson a ____________

Essential Question:Essential Question:

Is Andrew Jackson a Is Andrew Jackson a ____________

Champion of Champion of the the

“Common “Common Man”?Man”?

““King”King”Andrew?Andrew?

OROR

Jackson’s background• 1. Born Poor• 2. Self-made man• 3. Military commander• 4. Hero of NEW ORLEANS• War of 1812• 5. Fights the Spanish in Florida• 6. Becomes a lawyer and politician• 7. Slave owner• 8. Nicknamed: “Old Hickory” = Hickory wood is tough and difficult to

cut

VOTING IN THE 1800’s• PRE-JACKSON• ONLY Rich, White, LANDOWNERS could vote

• Then:• UNIVERSAL WHITE MALE SUFFRAGE =

• ALL WHITE MEN CAN VOTE WITH NO PROPERTY RESTRICTIONS

• GREAT FOR JACKSON SUPPORTERS

WHY IS UNIVERSAL WHITE MALE SUFFRAGE GREATFOR JACKSON?

Poor whites with no property can vote (there are lots of them)

. They love Jackson because he is a “common man”

•IMPACT OF UNIVERSAL WHITE MALE SUFFERAGE: IMPACT OF UNIVERSAL WHITE MALE SUFFERAGE:

•More common people voting = great for More common people voting = great for JacksonJackson

•IMPACT OF UNIVERSAL WHITE MALE SUFFERAGE: IMPACT OF UNIVERSAL WHITE MALE SUFFERAGE:

•More common people voting = great for More common people voting = great for JacksonJackson

Pre-Jackson

AGE OF JACKSON

•The Center of Population in theThe Center of Population in theCountry Moves WESTCountry Moves WEST

•More people live in “the country”More people live in “the country”

•GREAT FOR JACKSON!GREAT FOR JACKSON!

•The Center of Population in theThe Center of Population in theCountry Moves WESTCountry Moves WEST

•More people live in “the country”More people live in “the country”

•GREAT FOR JACKSON!GREAT FOR JACKSON!

Essential Question:

• Is GREATER DEMOCRACY a good

thing??

Election of 1824Election of 1824 - - The Corrupt BargainThe Corrupt BargainElection of 1824Election of 1824 - - The Corrupt BargainThe Corrupt Bargain

John Quincy John Quincy AdamsAdams[MA][MA]

William H. CrawfordWilliam H. Crawford[GA][GA]

Andrew Jackson

Kentucky

Henry ClayHenry ClayKentuckyKentucky

The “Common Man’s”The “Common Man’s”Presidential CandidatePresidential CandidateThe “Common Man’s”The “Common Man’s”Presidential CandidatePresidential Candidate

HICKORY TREE JACKSON’SSYMBOL OF STRENGTH

Jackson gets the most•Popular votes•Electoral votes•BUT HE DOES NOT GET THE MAJORITY OF EITHER SO THE

ELECTION GOES TO THE HOUSE OF

REPRESENTATIVES

1824The CORRUPT BARGAIN1. JACKSON wins the popular vote

but does not have a majority of electoral votes

2.The election goes to the HOUSE and HENRY CLAY uses his influence to get

3. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS elected president, Clay becomes Sec. of State

Election of 1828Election of 1828Election of 1828Election of 1828

Jackson comes back and crushes

John Quincy Adams in the

electionOf 1828

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

• Was the election of 1828 an example of the common man taking power???

Rachel JacksonRachel JacksonJackson’s wife Rachel was married once beforeJackson’s wife Rachel was married once before

She never was officially divorced, so she was technically married She never was officially divorced, so she was technically married to two men at once.to two men at once.

Jackson’s enemies made a big deal of this and humiliated her in Jackson’s enemies made a big deal of this and humiliated her in public.public.

Rachel JacksonRachel JacksonJackson’s wife Rachel was married once beforeJackson’s wife Rachel was married once before

She never was officially divorced, so she was technically married She never was officially divorced, so she was technically married to two men at once.to two men at once.

Jackson’s enemies made a big deal of this and humiliated her in Jackson’s enemies made a big deal of this and humiliated her in public.public.

Final Divorce DecreeFinal Divorce Decree

Rachel was so humiliated that Rachel was so humiliated that people say she died of shamepeople say she died of shameRachel was so humiliated that Rachel was so humiliated that people say she died of shamepeople say she died of shame

Jackson wearing

Mourning clothes

Jackson’s Inauguration: Riots asJackson’s Inauguration: Riots as

The ‘COMMON’ PEOPLE crash the The ‘COMMON’ PEOPLE crash the partyparty

Jackson’s Inauguration: Riots asJackson’s Inauguration: Riots as

The ‘COMMON’ PEOPLE crash the The ‘COMMON’ PEOPLE crash the partyparty

Andrew Jackson as Andrew Jackson as PresidentPresident

Jackson was:Jackson was:

-61 Years old-61 Years old

-Mourning the death of -Mourning the death of RachelRachel

-Still feisty and ready to -Still feisty and ready to fight for what he believes fight for what he believes

in (KING ANDREW????)in (KING ANDREW????)

His decisions were not His decisions were not always the best always the best

Andrew Jackson as Andrew Jackson as PresidentPresident

Jackson was:Jackson was:

-61 Years old-61 Years old

-Mourning the death of -Mourning the death of RachelRachel

-Still feisty and ready to -Still feisty and ready to fight for what he believes fight for what he believes

in (KING ANDREW????)in (KING ANDREW????)

His decisions were not His decisions were not always the best always the best

•Even though Jackson is a Western slave owner:Even though Jackson is a Western slave owner:

•He is a NATIONALIST: Believes the needs of He is a NATIONALIST: Believes the needs of the whole nation are more important than the whole nation are more important than

any one regionany one region

•At a State dinner Jackson proposed the At a State dinner Jackson proposed the following toast:following toast:

•Even though Jackson is a Western slave owner:Even though Jackson is a Western slave owner:

•He is a NATIONALIST: Believes the needs of He is a NATIONALIST: Believes the needs of the whole nation are more important than the whole nation are more important than

any one regionany one region

•At a State dinner Jackson proposed the At a State dinner Jackson proposed the following toast:following toast:

• JacksonJackson:: “ “Our Federal Union—it Our Federal Union—it

must bemust be preserved.” preserved.”

• Jackson puts the nation ahead of any one regionJackson puts the nation ahead of any one region

Essential Question• Does Jackson’s NATIONALISM make him

look more like a KING or a HERO TO THE COMMON MAN?

1832 Tariff Conflict1832 Tariff Conflict1832 Tariff Conflict1832 Tariff Conflict

South Carolina decides it does not South Carolina decides it does not want to pay the new tariff (import want to pay the new tariff (import tax)tax)

S.C. claim they have the right to S.C. claim they have the right to NULLIFY (Cancel) Federal laws they NULLIFY (Cancel) Federal laws they do not like!!!!!do not like!!!!!

Jackson disagrees He issues the Force Jackson disagrees He issues the Force Bill: He will use the Army to kill Bill: He will use the Army to kill everyone in South Carolinaeveryone in South Carolina

South Carolina decides to obey!South Carolina decides to obey!

Essential Question

• Jackson threatened to kill every South Carolinian. Did he make that threat

because he was like a KING or in the interests of the COMMON MAN?

Andrew Jackson and the Indians

Jackson wanted INDIANS MOVED to WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER (INDIAN

REMOVAL ACT)

The SUPREME COURT ruled that the states couldn’t just Kick them out

Jackson ignores theSUPREME COURT

“…Marshall has made hisDecision, let him enforce it”

Trail of Tears: Forced march of Trail of Tears: Forced march of the Indians to Oklahomathe Indians to Oklahoma

Trail of Tears: Forced march of Trail of Tears: Forced march of the Indians to Oklahomathe Indians to Oklahoma

25% of the Indians die

of disease or neglect

Trail of Tears (1838-1839)Trail of Tears (1838-1839)Trail of Tears (1838-1839)Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

ESSENTIAL QUESTION• By ignoring the SUPREME COURT was

Jackson acting like a KING or a hero to the COMMON MAN?

The National Bank The National Bank DebateDebate

The National Bank The National Bank DebateDebate

NicholasNicholasBiddleBiddle

PresidentPresidentJacksonJackson

JACKSON HATES THE BANK AND HE HATESTHE BANK DIRECTOR NICHOLAS BIDDLE

Jackson vs. The BankJackson hates the bank

-Too powerful-Too political-Favors the Rich / Hurts the Farmer

Jackson destroys the Bank-Pulls out all govt. money-Puts it in LOCAL banks

BAD DECISION!!!Jackson weakened the entireFinancial system leading to A MAJOR DEPRESSION

The Downfall of “Mother The Downfall of “Mother Bank”Bank”

The Downfall of “Mother The Downfall of “Mother Bank”Bank”

ESSENTIAL QUESTION• JACKSON’S destruction of the NATIONAL

BANK lead to an economic collapse. Did JACKSON destroy the bank because he was like a KING or a hero to the COMMON MAN?

Jackson’s POWERFUL PRESIDENCYmore examples….

• SPOILS SYSTEM: Jackson replaced many federal office-holders with his supporters, even if they were not qualified (generally not a good idea)

• KING VETO: Jackson vetoed more legislation than all of the presidents before COMBINED!! He was not afraid to tell Congress NO!

An 1832 Cartoon:An 1832 Cartoon:

““KingKingAndrew”Andrew”??

An 1832 Cartoon:An 1832 Cartoon:

““KingKingAndrew”Andrew”??

Big Issues of the Age of Jackson:

-Tariff Crisis in S.C.

-The Destruction of the Bank

-Indian Policy: The Trail of Tears

-The use of Presidential Power: King Veto / Spoils System

-The Rise of Democracy: Universal White Male Suffrage

ESSENTIAL QUESTION:

Was the Age of Jackson a triumphOf the COMMON MAN or was

Andrew Jackson no better than KING ANDREW a man who used the presidency to carry out his own will?

The 1836 Election ResultsThe 1836 Election ResultsThe 1836 Election ResultsThe 1836 Election ResultsMartin Van Buren

WINS

Jackson’s Vice-President

Van Buren wins the election!

Economy collapses because Jackson destroyed the

bank

Everyone blames VAN BUREN!

Photo of Photo of Andrew Andrew Jackson Jackson in 1844in 1844

(one year (one year before his before his

death)death)

Photo of Photo of Andrew Andrew Jackson Jackson in 1844in 1844

(one year (one year before his before his

death)death)1767 - 18451767 - 1845