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REDD+ Readiness and Implementation in Lao PDR
IGES Country Seminar Series No.1: Lao PDR on Rise in the Lower Mekong,
30 May 2016, IGES Hayama
Jintana KAWASAKIForest Conservation Group
Natural Resources and Ecosystem Services Area
Outline
• REDD+ readiness and implementation update• JCM REDD+ implementation
Overview of Forest in Lao PDR
17,31416,532 16,142 15,751
01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,00010,00011,00012,00013,00014,00015,00016,00017,00018,00019,000
Areas (1,000 ha)
1990 2000 2005 2010
Sources: UN Statistics, 2015
Forest areas of Lao PDR • Lao PDR has total land area of 23,680,000 ha
• 67% of total land area is covered in forests
• The forestry sector contributed USD 164.2 million to the economy in 2011, which is about 2.1% of the GDP
• Proportion of forestland declined by 6.6% from 1990 to 2010
What are main causes of deforestation and forest degradation in Lao PDR?
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from forest loss
• The deforestation and forest degradation from 2000‐2010 contributed around 59 million tonnes of CO2 emissions.
REDD+ Result based payment and phased approach
emission reduction= RESULT
Emission from
deforestatio
n(CO2t/year)
Reference level(baseline emission)
Actual emissionafter
implementing activities
Phase approachConsidering capacity of D‐ing county
phase1Readiness
Phase 2test
Phase 3Full implementation
Setting strategyCapacity building
Test policy and Activities at sub‐national level
Implementing at national level
Fund for readiness preparationResult based payment
Financial supportAccording to the
phase
What is REDD+? Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks
What are the UNFCCC requirement
for REDD+?
Conditions for D‐ing country to receive result based payment
• To ensure the transparency, REDD+ related information is open public on Info Hub
REDD plus in Lao PRD• Lao PDR has been participating in the international REDD+ negotiation process under the UNFCCC since 2007
• REDD + development in Laos is supported by multilateral financial institutions, bilateral agencies and international NGOs
REDD+ project in Lao PDR
Source: JICA (2014)
Organisational framework for REDD + in Lao PRD
Source: Department of Forestry (2012) Annual Review of REDD+ Activities in Lao PDR
REDD+ readiness and implementation updateI. National Level:REDD+strategy National REDD+ strategy is still under discussion. In 2016, Lao PDR has received up to USD
650,000 from World Bank (FCPF) to support the development of Lao PDR’s Emission Reduction Program Idea Note (ER‐PIN) into an ER Programme Document (ER‐PD) which include work relevant to REDD+ strategy, coordination and consultation mechanism, safeguard information system, national forest monitoring system, and construction of REL/FRL for the ER program
REL The Reference Emission Level (REL) is still in the process of development by the TWGs.
NFMS The Government of Lao PDR is developing methods to monitor carbon emissions and removals from forests using a combination of remote sensing and ground‐based forest carbon inventory. The forest cover has been assessed in 1982, 1992, 2002 and 2010 mainly using LANDSAT imagery. The LULUCF maps for 2000, 2005 and 2010 have been made available, and are underway for 2015.
SIS SIS is still in the process of development. GOL plans to establish a Technical Working Group (TWG) for the SIS system.
II. Sub‐National and Provincial Levels:Development of REL/ NFMS and SIS at both sub‐national and provincial levels are under development.
JCM REDD+ Implementation
• The Government of Laos signed the bilateral document for the JCM with the Government of Japan in 2013
JCM REDD+ feasibility project in Luang Prabang
• In Luang Prabang Province, the Waseda University developed the feasibility study of the JCM REDD+ project in the former PAREDD project (JICA) area at project level in JFY 2015.
JC Members from Lao PDRMinistry of Natural Resources and EnvironmentMinistry of Agriculture and ForestryMinistry of Energy and MinesMinistry of Public Works and TransportMinistry of Industry and CommerceMinistry of Public HealthMinistry of Education and Sports
JC Members from JapanEmbassy of Japan in LaosMinistry of Economy, Trade and IndustryMinistry of EnvironmentMinistry of Foreign AffairsForestry Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
What is JCM? Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) as new initiative of the Government of Japan to facilitate the diffusion of leading low‐carbon technologies and systems in developing countries
• The organization framework and activities for REDD+ JCM must be in line with the existing framework and the on‐going REDD+ projects, but criteria/elements for the REDD+ JCM can be acceptable if they are more practical;
• JCM REDD+ must support the full range of REDD+ requirements such as RL, MRV, SIS and carbon trading;
• GOL believes that JCM REDD+ activities will be an opportunity to get the private sector involved in contributing to GHG emissions reduction in the country. However, the main stakeholders and local people have limited understanding of JCM REDD+ process, and need information;
• Currently, there is uncertainty about the system of carbon trading in the country. Carbon trading by 2020 must be the strategic priority for development of JCM REDD+ activity in Laos;
Key points for moving JCM REDD+ forward in the country
• GOL will want UNFCCC methodological guidance as well as methodologies used by on‐going REDD+ projects in the country to be reflected in the development of JCM guidelines for developing proposed methodologies for REDD+;
• The definitions of some terms used in the JCM REDD+ guidelines to follow those used in the national REDD+ system. These include deforestation, land use, leakage, rights of use, etc.;
• The implementation of the land allocation process, and village forest boundaries and user rights have not yet been fully defined and recognized by the government. JCM REDD+ projects will need to give priority to issues related to rights to lands and resources in their project zones in both their feasibility studies and project designs; and etc.
Those information needs to be considered for development of JCM REDD+ guidelines in Lao PDR