Chapter 4 - FEG4-5 Using since and for
4-6 Present perfect progressive
4-9 Past perfect
Jenna’s grandfather ____ Max to her. Her
grandfather _____ him at an animal shelter.
Jenna _____ very good care her dog.
He __ a great dog.
*
*
*
*
(a) I have worked very hard this year.
(b) The students have worked hard.
(c) Alex has worked very hard.
STATEMENT: have/has + past participle
(d) I’ve/You’ve/We’ve/They’ve gone home.
(e) She’s/He’s gone home.
(f) It’s been hot all week.
CONTRACTION : pronoun + have = ’ve
pronoun + has =k’s
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(g) I have not gone home yet.
(h) Fatima has not gone home.
*
*
NEGATIVE CONTRACTION:
(g) I haven’t gone home yet.
(h) Fatima hasn’t gone home.
*
*
*
*
(j) Has Marcy gone home?
(k) How long have you worked there?
QUESTION :
(l)
Have you read all of this article?
*
*
(m)
Has Kyung finished her homework?
*
*
4-2 LET’S PRACTICE
Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.
*
*
MEANING #1: SOMETHING HAPPENED
PRESENT PERFECT
(a) Tyler has already taken his first steps.
(b) Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.
(c) Have you ever seen Zoe crawl?
occurred before now or
sometime in the past
(a) Tyler has already taken his first steps.
(b) Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.
(c) Have you ever seen Zoe crawl?
now
time?
X
(d) Mary has painted portraits many times.
(e) Her students have painted portraits twice.
activity repeated
MEANING #1
(d) Mary has painted portraits many times.
(e) Her students have painted portraits twice.
now
X
PRESENT PERFECT
IN THE PAST AND CONTINUES TO THE
PRESENT.
(f) We’ve been working since 8 o’clock.
(g) I have played the violin for six years.
I learned to play six years ago, and I still
play it.
present perfect +
MEANING #2:
*
*
MEANING #1: Something happened before now at an unspecified time.
MEANING #2: A situation began in the
past and continues to the present.
Kyung has already taken the test.
OR ?
MEANING #2: A situation began in the
past and continues to the present
I’ve been studying since 8 AM.
OR ?
MEANING #2: A situation began in the
past and continues to the present
Rosa has been to Italy three times.
OR ?
I had an angel fish
when I was a child.
I have had many other
fish since then.
SIMPLE PAST
PRESENT PERFECT
specific time
unspecified time
SIMPLE PAST
(c) I was in Nigeria when I was five years old.
PRESENT PERFECT
specific time
unspecified time
SIMPLE PAST
PRESENT PERFECT
for activity began & ended in past
for / since activity began & continues
*
*
many times.
OR
UNSPECIFIED
PRESENT
PERFECT
I have been here since 6:00 AM.
*
*
since noon.
since Wednesday.
since April.
since 2006.
(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
(c) INCORRECT: I am studying English since 2007.
present perfect + since
(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
(d) INCORRECT: I study English since 2007.
present perfect + since
(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
(e) INCORRECT: I studied English since 2007.
present perfect + since
*
*
(f) I have known her since I was fifteen.
MAIN CLAUSE
(present perfect)
(g) Jim has played many sports since he tried soccer.
Since
for fifty minutes.
for five hours.
for ten days.
(i) I have worked here for twelve years.
I got a job here twelve years ago, and I still have it.
(j) I played sports for fifteen years. I am too busy now.
present perfect + for + length of time
past present
simple past
past present
since ___________.
for ___________.
for
since
since
for
6 o’clock.
ten hours.
QUESTION FORM:
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
Mary has been playing the piano right now.
*
*
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
began in past
(f) Mary has been playing for an hour.
*
*
(h) INCORRECT: It is belonging to Amy.
(i) CORRECT: She has owned it
for one month.
it for one month.
non-action verbs progressive tenses
*
*
dance
I ______________ to the beach
*
*
PRESENT PERFECT
*
*
PRESENT PERFECT
They have been hiking for several days.
repeated activities
PRESENT PERFECT
duration of present activities,
PRESENT PERFECT
many mountains.
*
*
PRESENT PERFECT
each other for ten years.
(d) The guys have known each other for
ten years.
OR
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
same meaning
was a child.
Rolf has run every day since he was a child.
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
visited Mexico.
4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
live
lived
live
I already fed the dog.
*
*
ALREADY
I already fed the dog.
happened before now
YET
(b) I usually feed the dog, but I haven’t fed him yet.
did not happen before now
Position: end of sentence
(c) I fed the dog thirty minutes ago. He is
still hungry. He still wants to eat.
(d) I liked classical movies when I was
in college. I still like them.
(e) It hasn’t rained all week. It still isn’t
raining.
STILL
(c) I fed the dog thirty minutes ago. He is
still hungry. He still wants to eat.
(d) I liked classical movies when I was
in college. I still like them.
(e) It hasn’t rained all week. It still isn’t
raining.
STILL
ANYMORE
(f) I used to be a teacher, but I retired.
I don’t work anymore.
does not continue
ALREADY
affirmative
sentences
YET
negative
sentences
ANYMORE
(c) He is still hungry.
(e) It still isn’t raining.
STILL
affirmative
She _______ spent it all.
______ have more to do.
already
yet
still
anymore
We used to be friends, but we had an argument. We don’t like each other ________.
anymore
already closed.
already closed.
1st event - Past Perfect
2nd event – Simple Past
they arrived.
*
*
I’ve already ordered
I had already ordered
*
*
the pizza arrived.
when he came home.
time in the past
he came
when it started snowing.
a. it started snowing ____
1st
2nd
store had closed.
a. store closed ____
1st
2nd
She had seen it last Friday.
a. the friend saw the movie ____
b. the friend called ____
Shutterstock, Inc.
PHOTO CREDITS