SECESSION AND THE CIVIL WARSouth Carolina and…?

Secession of the South Reasons for secession (First State, Leaders,

Constitution) Emotional-North wants to establish black rule in the South.

Goal was not equality, but the reversal of roles for the races.

Economic-policies of a Republican president-protective tariffs, free homesteads in the west, etc.--will prevent the South from prospering.

Northern reaction to secession Most opposed forcing the South to return to the Union Buchanan refused to act when a federal supply ship was

attacked in Charleston Harbor in January 1861 Crittenden Compromise

proposed the prohibition of slavery north of the Missouri Compromise line (36 30), but allowing it south of the line in addition to compensation to owners for runaway slaves

Secession of the South Lincoln’s reaction Inaugural Address

Protect Federal Property Nation indissolvable Would retaliate if forcedFort Sumter employed force because the South was

denying the democratic principle that formed the basis of the Union.

sent supplies to Ft. Sumter in Charleston Harbor (April 12, 1861)

Confederates opened fire on the fort, starting the war

Lincoln Declares War Union Generals

Winfield Scott, George McClellan, Ambrose Burnside, Joseph Hooker, George Meade, Ulysses S. Grant

Confederate Generals Robert E. Lee

North vs. SouthNorth's advantages over the South Potential fighting and working force: 20

million citizens Population: 2.5:1 Free male population (ages 18-60): 4.4:1

Wealth produced: 3:1 Factory production: 10:1 Iron production: 15:1 Coal production: 38:1

Transportation--superior in every respect Railroad mileage: 7:1 Naval tonnage: 25:1 Merchant ship tonnage: 9:1

North vs. SouthSouth's advantages over the North Fighting a defensive war

Local support familiarity with terrain

Positive goal: seeking independence Short communication lines and friendly

population United public in contrast to the North

Non-slaveholders eager to volunteer to fight Experienced officer corps

many veterans of the Mexican-American War joined the Confederacy

Cotton (24:1 advantage over North) necessary for textile factories of England and France

Union Home frontMobilization and Finance Conscription

-poor fight, rich get out of it-Draft riots (NYC 1863)

http://youtu.be/x5kil3Pfkng

Money-Increase tariffs, income tax, “greenbacks”

War Profiteers-Manufacturers and industrialists made

lots of

money, many through corrupt means.

Union Home front

What Civil Liberties? Save the Union

Blockade Increase size of Army

Keep the Border states Suspends habeus corpus Supervised voting Newspapers/editors influenced/pressured

Not in the Constitution

Southern Home front

Declared martial law Suspended habeus corpus Confederate Constitution

Strong Constitution vs. states rights Mobilization and Finance

Conscription Conflict, Rich vs. Poor

Confederate currency Not currency, bills of credit

Leading to Emancipation

Lee’s first mistake decision to invade the North Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg, MD) Gain support from border states and England. Decrease morale of North

Lee’s second mistake Lost plans for battle Found by North Decisive/Important victory for North No British support Set platform for Emancipation

Emancipation Proclamation

Moral Cause for the War Emancipated slaves in the South, not

border states. Must win the war to have impact Prelude to the 13th Amendment Gave slaves a reason to rebel and join

Union army.

Gettysburg The beginning of

the end 3 days of battle South won first two North won the third Pushed Lee out of

the North and put South back on the defensive.

Turning point of the war.

War in the South Grant becomes Northern

commander Captures Vicksburg, MS Coincides with Gettysburg

Sherman’s “March to the Sea” Total War Scorches Atlanta to

Savannah Grant outlasts Lee

Willing to continue the fight

Knew North had more troops and supplies

Takes Richmond

Sherman’s “March to the Sea”

Southern Surrender? Appomattox Court

House Lee surrenders to

Grant in April 1865 (VA)

Lincoln assassinated April 14, 1865 Ford’s Theatre John Wilkes Booth

Lincoln Martyred Radical Republicans

use death to support their cause.

Outcome of Civil War

Costs 600,000 lives $15 million Animosity b/t North and South

Benefits US resilience Abolished slavery US now major player in the world