The Cold War:1945-1991

The Cold War:1945-1991

The freeze begins between the The freeze begins between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R…U.S. and the U.S.S.R…

The freeze begins between the The freeze begins between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R…U.S. and the U.S.S.R…

COLD WAR

THE STATE OF HOSTILITY WITHOUT __________ CONFLICT, THAT DEVELOPED BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE __________ AFTER WORLD WAR II.

The Ideological StruggleThe Ideological Struggle

Soviet & Eastern Bloc

Nations[“Iron

Curtain”]-

____________

US & the Western Europe-

DEMOCRATIC & ______________

The The ““Iron CurtainIron Curtain””

From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an the Adriatic, an iron curtainiron curtain has descended has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.Europe. -- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946

TERMS

_______ ___________-EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES TAKEN OVER BY THE SOVIET UNION AS PART OF TREATY AGREEMENT

____________ COUNTRIES-COUNTRIES GOVERNED BY THE USSR.

U.S.S.R -UNION OF ___________ SOCIALIST REPUBLICS

***CIA AND KGB

CIA-FORMED 1947-U.S.SECRET SPY ORGANIZATION IN WORLD AND DOMESTIC AFFAIRS

KGB-SECRET SOVIET SPY ORGANIZATION -STARTED IN LENIN’S ERA

GERMANY

GERMANY WAS PARTITIONED INTO EAST AND WEST GERMANY

_____ GERMANY REMAINED UNDER SOVIET DOMINANCE AND BECAME COMMUNIST

________ GERMANY BECAME DEMOCRATIC AND RESUMED SELF-GOV’T WHILE BEING OCCUPIED BY U.S,BRITAIN, AND ________

U.N. IS FINALLY FORMED

FORMED NEAR THE END OF WWIICREATE A BODY FOR THE NATIONS OF THE WORLD TO TRY AND PREVENT FUTURE ________ ________.

Truman Doctrine [1947]Truman Doctrine [1947]

1.1. ““__________________”” OF COMMUNISM OF COMMUNISM

2.2. ASSIST COUNTRIES ASSIST COUNTRIES THREATENED BY __________ THREATENED BY __________ TAKEOVER-Ex. Greece and TAKEOVER-Ex. Greece and TurkeyTurkey

““The U. S. should support free The U. S. should support free peoples throughout the world peoples throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by who were resisting takeovers by armed minorities or outside armed minorities or outside pressures…We must assist free pressures…We must assist free peoples to work out their own peoples to work out their own destinies in their own waydestinies in their own way””..

JAPAN NOW AN ALLY

U.S. REBUILT _______AFTER A-BOMB DEVASTATION-OCCUPIED BY ___________ FORCES

MACARTHUR WAS ___________.

JAPAN DEVELOPED ___________FORM OF GOVERNMENT, RESUMED SELF-GOVERNMENT AND BECAME U.S. ALLY

MARSHALL PLAN

PLAN TO __________ EUROPE AND ECONOMIES AFTER THE WAR

PREVENT SPREAD OF _____________

Post-War GermanyPost-War Germany

BERLIN AIRLIFT 48-49STALIN HAD BLOCKADED SUPPLIES TO ________ BERLIN

TRUMAN AUTHORIZED GOODS AIR ___________ TO THEM

FINALLY _________ BACKED OFF

The Arms Race BEGINS:The Arms Race BEGINS:19491949

} The Soviet The Soviet Union Union exploded its exploded its first A-bomb in first A-bomb in 19491949

} 2 Nuclear 2 Nuclear SuperpowersSuperpowers

NNorth orth AAtlantic tlantic TTreaty reaty OOrganization (1949)rganization (1949)

United StatesUnited States

BelgiumBelgium

BritainBritain

CanadaCanada

DenmarkDenmark

FranceFrance

IcelandIceland

ItalyItaly

LuxemburgLuxemburg

NetherlandsNetherlands

NorwayNorway

PortugalPortugal

1952: Greece & 1952: Greece & Turkey Turkey

1955: West 1955: West GermanyGermany

1983: Spain1983: Spain

NATO

**Defensive alliance among U.S. and western European countries to prevent Soviet invasion of Europe

PEACETIME __________ ALLIANCE

CHINA’S REVOLUTION1949

1949-MAO ZEDONG (TSE-TUNG) (LEADER OF _________ PARTY) WON A _______ WAR IN CHINA BY GAINING PEASANT’S LOYALTY

CHINA BECAME _______________

CHINA AND USSR RELATIONS

HOWEVER,CHINA AND __________ WERE __________WHICH NIXON WOULD USE TO OUR ADVANTAGE IN THE 70’S

KOREAN WAR1950-1953

The U.S. and other U.N. members sent troops into Korea to defend _____-_______________ South Korea from being invaded by _____________ North Korea.

The Korean War ended in a ___________that kept Korea armed and divided at __________ parallel.

The Shifting Map of Korea[1950-1953]

DOUGLAS MACARTHURMilitary career would end when ________ fired him for not obeying orders.

Macarthur wanted to invade ________ and Truman knew this would be unwise.

Premier Nikita Premier Nikita KhrushchevKhrushchevAbout the capitalist About the capitalist

states, it doesn't states, it doesn't depend on you depend on you whether we whether we (Soviet Union) exist.(Soviet Union) exist.If you don't like us, If you don't like us, don't accept our don't accept our invitations, and don'tinvitations, and don'tinvite us to come invite us to come to see you. Whether to see you. Whether you like it our not, history is on you like it our not, history is on our side. our side. We will bury youWe will bury you. -- . -- 19561956

De-Stalinization De-Stalinization ProgramProgram

EISENHOWER’S COLD WAR POLICIES-1950’s

EISENHOWER ADOPTED A POLICY OF “___________ ___________ ________________________” TO DETER A SOVIET STRIKE.

_______________________-ALMOST COME TO WAR-PULL BACK AT LAST MINUTE

Warsaw Pact (1955)-_________ Warsaw Pact (1955)-_________ ALLIES IN EASTERN EUROPE ALLIES IN EASTERN EUROPE

FORM with USSRFORM with USSR

} U. S. S. R.U. S. S. R.

} AlbaniaAlbania

} BulgariaBulgaria

} CzechoslovakCzechoslovakiaia

} East East GermanyGermany

} HungaryHungary

} PolandPoland

} RumaniaRumania

NATO & WARSAW PACT COUNTRIES

BOTH WOULD KEEP LARGE _____________ IN PLACE FOR 50 YEARS

Sputnik I (1957)-1st Sputnik I (1957)-1st satellite-USSRsatellite-USSR

The Russians have beaten America The Russians have beaten America in space—they have the in space—they have the

technological edge!technological edge!

1958-THE US LAUNCHES ____________

U-2 Spy Incident (1960)U-2 Spy Incident (1960)

Col. Gary PowersCol. Gary Powers’’ plane was shot plane was shot

down over Soviet down over Soviet airspace.airspace.

Eisenhower-pres-Eisenhower-pres-embarassmentembarassment

CUBAN REVOLUTION-1959

FIDEL CASTRO TAKES OVER CUBA IN 1959 AND IT BECOMES _______________.

MANY CUBANS FLED TO FLORIDA

IT WOULD RECEIVE ______________ AID FROM USSR IF NEEDED.

**HE IS STILL THE LEADER THERE WITH HIS BROTHER-RAOUL.

COLD WAR AT HOME

During 50’s/ 60’s American schoolchildren had drills to prepare for ________ attacks. Duck and Cover

People built __________ shelters.

THIS WAS FORM OF __________________ TO MAKE PEOPLE FEEL SAFE.

McCARTHYISM-1940’s-1950’sMcCarthyism is a term used to describe the “________ ___________” used by Joseph McCarthy (senator) to find Communists.

Alger Hiss and the Rosenbergs were convicted for ________. The Rosenbergs were executed.

**McCarthy censured by the Senate

COLD WAR AT HOME

THE ECONOMIES OF ____________AND CALIFORNIA WOULD GROW MORE THAN ANY OTHER STATES BECAUSE THEY WOULD BE REWARDED WITH DEFENSE CONTRACTS.

JOHN F. KENNEDY1961-1963-PRESIDENT

YOUNGEST PERSON EVER ELECTED PRESIDENT-44. Wife Jackie.

Inspired many with his speeches:

America “would pay any price,bear any burden,meet any hardship,support any friend,_________ ______ __________,in order to assure the survival and the ___________ of ____________”.

JOHN F. KENNEDY1961-1963-PRESIDENT

“Ask not what your ____________can do for you; ask what you can do for your country”.

Started the __________ Corps

The Berlin Wall Goes Up The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961)(1961)

CheckpoinCheckpointt

CharlieCharlie

SEPARATES EAST FROM WEST BERLIN

Ich bin ein Ich bin ein Berliner!Berliner!

(1963)(1963)

President President Kennedy tells Kennedy tells Berliners that Berliners that

the West is the West is with them!with them!

BAY OF PIGS -CUBA

BAY OF PIGS-1961THE PLAN WAS THAT TRAINED _____________EXILES BY CIA WERE TO GO AND TAKE CUBA BACK FROM ___________

INVASION FAILED-EXILES JAILED

__________________________ FOR KENNEDY AND U.S.

Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

THE U.S. DISCOVERED THAT _______________MISSILES WERE IN CUBA

FOR _____DAYS -OCTOBER 14-28 AMERICA LIVED IN FEAR

______________ BACKED OFF

Cuban Missile Crisis Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)(1962)

We went eyeball-to-eyeball with the We went eyeball-to-eyeball with the Russians, and the other man blinked!Russians, and the other man blinked!

Cuban Missile Crisis Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)(1962)

JOHN F. KENNEDY1961-1963-PRESIDENT

Assassinated in Dallas, Texas November 22,1963 by _______ _____________ _____________

Lyndon ____________(LBJ) sworn in as President immediately

Vietnam War: 1965-1973Vietnam War: 1965-1973

Vietnam escalationAmerican involvement reflects America’s “________________of communism”

In the 50’s and 60’s the _________ ______________ __________________ government tries to force this government on South Vietnam. NV Gov’t backed by Soviet Union.

America intervenes to help ___________Vietnam.

Vietnam escalationA few troops are sent by ______________.

After Kennedy’s assassination 1963-_____________ continues buildup.

VietnamIn 1964, the ______ __ _____________ _______________________ granted Johnson use of broad military powers to send troops without a declaration of war.

The draft was used.

American military forces repeatedly defeat __________ Vietnamese forces but ____________ Vietnam could not resist invasion from _____________ supplied Army.

VIETNAM PROTESTS

COUNTRY BECAME BITTERLY __________OVER THE WAR

_____________ BEGAN HEAVILY ON ______________CAMPUSES

POLICE TOOK ACTION AGAINST PROTESTERS-EX. ______ ____________ ________________

VIETNAMNixon elected and tried “______________________________”

(replacing _________________ troops with South Vietnamese troops).

Nixon forced from office because of ____________________ scandal and resigns August 1974.

1975-North and South Vietnam merge under _____________ control

VIETNAM-EFFECTS ON VETSPOOR WHITE AND BLACK YOUNG MEN WERE

_______________.

___________ YOUNG MEN WOULD BE KILLED AND 300,000 PHYSICAL INJURIES.

OTHERS RETURNED WITH ___________________________PROBLEMS AND DRUG ADDICTIONS AND RECEIVED NO HELP.

MANY FACED ______________ WHEN THEY RETURNED HOME

MUCH LATER__________________ FOR SERVICE

VIETNAM MEMORIAL

RESULTS OF WAR ______ Amendment______ Amendment: 18-year-: 18-year-

olds voteolds vote Nixon abolished the draft Nixon abolished the draft

_____ _______ _____ _____ _______ _____ 19731973 President must notify Congress President must notify Congress 48 hours before48 hours beforesending troopssending troops

CARTER

1979-_______INVASION OF _______________ UNTIL 1989

1980’S COLD WARIN 80‘s-THE SOVIET UNION ADOPTED A ___________________ OF THEIR ECONOMY AWAY FROM COMMUNISM WHICH LED to the _______________ OF THE SOVIET UNION IN 1991

GORBACHEV’S POLICIES

______________ openness of government and freedoms in the Soviet Union

_______________-economic restructuring away from Communism

FACTORS WHICH LED TO THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET

UNION-FRET

FAST PACED REFORMS-MARKET ECONOMY

RISE OF NATIONALIST FEELINGS IN SOVIET REPUBLICS

ECONOMIC INEFFICIENCY

THE COST OF COMPETITION WITH THE U.S.

REAGAN’S ROLE

REAGAN CHALLENGED _______________ TO “OPEN THIS GATE AND ________ DOWN THIS WALL”-1987

CHALLENGED THE MORAL __________________OF THE SOVIET UNION’S CONTROL OVER EASTERN EUROPE

INCREASED U.S. _____________ AND __________________ PRESSURE ON SOVIET UNION

NORTH ___________, CHINA, AND _________- COMMUNIST COUNTRIES LEFT TODAY

POST COLD WAR POLICIES-FHS

___________ AID

___________________________ AID

SUPPORT FOR _____________ RIGHTS

GEORGE H.W. BUSH 1989-1993 ROLE POST WAR(FYGOP)

FALL OF ___________________ IN EASTERN EUROPE- BREAK UP OF SOVIET STATE

_________________ COLLAPSE

GERMANY ____________________

OPERATION ____________ STORM

_____________ GULF WAR 90-91-1ST TIME WOMEN IN _______________ ROLES

WILLIAM CLINTON’S ROLE-1993-2001DLNN• DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH __________

• LIFTING OF ________________ SANCTIONS AGAINST SOUTH AFRICA AFTER _____________

• NATO ACTION IN FORMER _________________

• NAFTA-_________ ________________FREE TRADE AGREEMENT-TRADE BETWEEN U.S., MEXICO, AND CANADA

GEORGE W. BUSH’S ROLE-2001-2008-TWW

1)____________ ATTACKS ON U.S. 9/11/2001

2)WAR IN _________________

3)WAR IN _____________