The Ecology: Interactions UnitThe Ecology: Interactions Unit Everything is connected to each other.Everything is connected to each other.

The Ecology: Interactions UnitThe Ecology: Interactions Unit Everything is connected to each other.Everything is connected to each other.

The Ecology: Interactions UnitThe Ecology: Interactions Unit Everything is connected to each other.Everything is connected to each other.

That is you! You are one species that is connected to every other species.

The Ecology: Interactions UnitThe Ecology: Interactions Unit Everything is connected to each other.Everything is connected to each other.

Watch what happens to the web as we remove species.

The Ecology: Interactions UnitThe Ecology: Interactions Unit Everything is connected to each other.Everything is connected to each other.

The Ecology: Interactions UnitThe Ecology: Interactions Unit Everything is connected to each other.Everything is connected to each other.

The Ecology: Interactions UnitThe Ecology: Interactions Unit Everything is connected to each other.Everything is connected to each other.

The Ecology: Interactions UnitThe Ecology: Interactions Unit Everything is connected to each other.Everything is connected to each other.

The Ecology: Interactions UnitThe Ecology: Interactions Unit Everything is connected to each other.Everything is connected to each other.

The Ecology: Interactions UnitThe Ecology: Interactions Unit Everything is connected to each other.Everything is connected to each other.

The Ecology: Interactions UnitThe Ecology: Interactions Unit Everything is connected to each other.Everything is connected to each other.

The Ecology: Interactions UnitThe Ecology: Interactions Unit Everything is connected to each other.Everything is connected to each other.

The Ecology: Interactions UnitThe Ecology: Interactions Unit Everything is connected to each other.Everything is connected to each other.

The Ecology: Interactions UnitThe Ecology: Interactions Unit Everything is connected to each other.Everything is connected to each other.

The Ecology: Interactions UnitThe Ecology: Interactions Unit Everything is connected to each other.Everything is connected to each other.

The Ecology: Interactions UnitThe Ecology: Interactions Unit Everything is connected to each other.Everything is connected to each other.

Understanding the complexity of how species are connected is the key to better management and our own well-being.

• Activity! Where does the study of ecology fit in all the levels of biological organization below. Place the line. – Force Carrier Particles– Quarks– Sub-Atomic Particles– Atoms– Molecules– Organelles– Cells– Tissue– Organs– Organ System– Individual– Population– Community – Biome– Biosphere– Solar System– Galaxy– Universe– Cosmos

• Activity! Where does the study of ecology fit in all the levels of biological organization below. Place the line. – Force Carrier Particles– Quarks– Sub-Atomic Particles– Atoms– Molecules– Organelles– Cells– Tissue– Organs– Organ System– Individual– Population– Community – Biome– Biosphere– Solar System– Galaxy– Universe– Cosmos

• Levels of Biological Organization.– Force Carrier Particles– Quarks– Sub-Atomic Particles– Atoms– Molecules– Organelles– Cells– Tissue– Organs– Organ System

Physics and

Chemistry

Biology

• Individual

• Population

• Community

• Biome

• Biosphere

• Solar System

• Galaxy

• Universe

• Cosmos

Astronomy

Ecology

Individual – Population - Community –- Biome - Biosphere

Individual: Organism with unique DNA Individual: Organism with unique DNA and cells.and cells.

Individual: Organism with unique Individual: Organism with unique DNADNA and cells.and cells.

meatballs

DNA: A large molecule that passes on information.

Individual: Organism with unique DNA Individual: Organism with unique DNA and and cellscells..

meatballsCells: Smallest unit of life. You are

made of Trillions of tiny cells.

Population: Groups of similar Population: Groups of similar individuals who tend to mate with each individuals who tend to mate with each other in a limited geographic area.other in a limited geographic area.

Ecosystem: The relationships of Ecosystem: The relationships of populations with each other and their populations with each other and their environment.environment.

Community: The relationships Community: The relationships between groups of populations.between groups of populations.

Biome: A regional ecosystem Biome: A regional ecosystem characterized by distinct types of characterized by distinct types of vegetation and animals. vegetation and animals. Determined by temperature and rainfall.Determined by temperature and rainfall.

Summer

Winter

Summer

Winter

Temperate Rainforest

Biosphere: The part of the earth and Biosphere: The part of the earth and its atmosphere in which living its atmosphere in which living organisms exist. organisms exist.

• Biosphere consists of…Biosphere consists of…– --– --– --– --

• Ecosphere: The surface of the earth and Ecosphere: The surface of the earth and all the ecosystems.all the ecosystems.

• Lithosphere: Below the surface, in the Lithosphere: Below the surface, in the crust and mantle.crust and mantle.

• Hydrosphere: All waters not in atmosphere Hydrosphere: All waters not in atmosphere and lithosphere.and lithosphere.

• Atmosphere: The area of gases that Atmosphere: The area of gases that surround the planet.surround the planet.

Individual

Population

Community

EcosystemBiome

Biosphere

Individual

Population

Community

EcosystemBiome

Biosphere

Individual

Population

Community

EcosystemBiome

Biosphere

Individual

Population

Community

EcosystemBiome

Biosphere

Individual

Population

Community

EcosystemBiome

Biosphere

Individual

Population

Community

EcosystemBiome

Biosphere

Includes non-living factors

Individual

Population

Community

EcosystemBiome

Biosphere

Includes non-living factors

AIR

Individual

Population

Community

EcosystemBiome

Biosphere

Individual

Population

Community

EcosystemBiome

Biosphere

• Video – Ecosystem Organization (Australia)– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuejxJttBqo

Habitat: The type of environment in Habitat: The type of environment in which an organism lives.which an organism lives.

• Which tree has more value in a forest ecosystem?

• Answer!

• Answer! Both have value,

• Answer! Both have value, but dead trees are extremely valuable to a forest ecosystem because they provide habitat such as den sites, a steady food source of insects, and ultimately fertilize the soil after decay.

• Answer! Both have value, but dead trees are extremely valuable to a forest ecosystem because they provide habitat such as den sites, a steady food source of insects, and ultimately fertilize the soil after decay.

• Answer! Both have value, but dead trees are extremely valuable to a forest ecosystem because they provide habitat such as den sites, a steady food source of insects, and ultimately fertilize the soil after decay.

“What are the five things in a habitat that I

need to survive?”

The needs of an organism are…Air. Water. Food. Shelter. Space.

• Community ecology: The study of interacting populations.

• How do you pronounce niche?

• What is a niche?

• Answer! Can be “Nitch” or “Neesh”.

• Both work.

Ecological Niche: The place or Ecological Niche: The place or function of a given organism within function of a given organism within its ecosystem. its ecosystem.

Ecological Niche: The place or Ecological Niche: The place or function of a given organism within function of a given organism within its ecosystem. its ecosystem.

“That is just a fancy name for saying…”

“My job.”

• Name the niche of the two pictures below?

• Name the niche of the two pictures below?

• Name the niche of the two pictures below?

• Name the niche of the two pictures below?

• Name the niche of the two pictures below?

• Name the niche of the two pictures below?

• Name the niche of the two pictures below?

• Name the niche of the two pictures below?

• Name the niche of the two pictures below?

• Name the niche of the two pictures below?

• Name the niche of the two pictures below?

• Activity! What are the niches of people in this school.

• Activity! What are the niches of people in this school.

• Activity! What are the niches of people in this school.

• Partner up, please determine the jobs of each of the following “players” in your town?o– Teachers will assign each pair one from the

group below. Be prepared to present. s:• -Principal: To manage the entire school• -Custodian: Maintain the building.• -Lunch Staff: To feed the students.• -DOT: Provide roads to get to school.• -Teachers: To educate the students.• -Students: To Learn and master schoolwork.• -Parents: To assist teachers and students.• -Tax Payers: Provide $ for all of the above.• -DOE: To manage teachers.• -Farmers:

• Possible Answers:• -Principal: To manage the entire school• -Custodian: Maintain the building.• -Lunch Staff: To feed the students.• -DOT: Provide roads to get to school.• -Teachers: To educate the students.• -Students: To Learn and master schoolwork.• -Parents: To assist teachers and students.• -Tax Payers: Provide $ for all of the above.• -DOE: To manage teachers.• -Farmers: Provide the food for all of the above.

• Possible Answers:• -Principal: To manage the entire school• -Custodian: Maintain the building.• -Lunch Staff: To feed the students.• -DOT: Provide roads to get to school.• -Teachers: To educate the students.• -Students: To Learn and master schoolwork.• -Parents: To assist teachers and students.• -Tax Payers: Provide $ for all of the above.• -DOE: To manage teachers.• -Farmers: Provide the food for all of the above.

• Possible Answers:• -Principal: To manage the entire school• -Custodian: Maintain the building.• -Lunch Staff: To feed the students.• -DOT: Provide roads to get to school.• -Teachers: To educate the students.• -Students: To Learn and master schoolwork.• -Parents: To assist teachers and students.• -Tax Payers: Provide $ for all of the above.• -DOE: To manage teachers.• -Farmers: Provide the food for all of the above.

• Possible Answers:• -Principal: To manage the entire school• -Custodian: Maintain the building.• -Lunch Staff: To feed the students.• -DOT: Provide roads to get to school.• -Teachers: To educate the students.• -Students: To Learn and master schoolwork.• -Parents: To assist teachers and students.• -Tax Payers: Provide $ for all of the above.• -DOE: To manage teachers.• -Farmers: Provide the food for all of the above.

• Possible Answers:• -Principal: To manage the entire school• -Custodian: Maintain the building.• -Lunch Staff: To feed the students.• -DOT: Provide roads to get to school.• -Teachers: To educate the students.• -Students: To Learn and master schoolwork.• -Parents: To assist teachers and students.• -Tax Payers: Provide $ for all of the above.• -DOE: To manage teachers.• -Farmers: Provide the food for all of the above.

• Possible Answers:• -Principal: To manage the entire school• -Custodian: Maintain the building.• -Lunch Staff: To feed the students.• -DOT: Provide roads to get to school.• -Teachers: To educate the students.• -Students: To Learn and master schoolwork.• -Parents: To assist teachers and students.• -Tax Payers: Provide $ for all of the above.• -DOE: To manage teachers.• -Farmers: Provide the food for all of the above.

• Possible Answers:• -Principal: To manage the entire school• -Custodian: Maintain the building.• -Lunch Staff: To feed the students.• -DOT: Provide roads to get to school.• -Teachers: To educate the students.• -Students: To Learn and master schoolwork.• -Parents: To assist teachers and students.• -Tax Payers: Provide $ for all of the above.• -DOE: To manage teachers.• -Farmers: Provide the food for all of the above.

• Possible Answers:• -Principal: To manage the entire school• -Custodian: Maintain the building.• -Lunch Staff: To feed the students.• -DOT: Provide roads to get to school.• -Teachers: To educate the students.• -Students: To Learn and master schoolwork.• -Parents: To assist teachers and students.• -Tax Payers: Provide $ for all of the above.• -DOE: To manage teachers.• -Farmers: Provide the food for all of the above.

• Possible Answers:• -Principal: To manage the entire school• -Custodian: Maintain the building.• -Lunch Staff: To feed the students.• -DOT: Provide roads to get to school.• -Teachers: To educate the students.• -Students: To Learn and master schoolwork.• -Parents: To assist teachers and students.• -Tax Payers: Provide $ for all of the above.• -DOE: To manage teachers.• -Farmers: Provide the food for all of the above.

• Possible Answers:• -Principal: To manage the entire school• -Custodian: Maintain the building.• -Lunch Staff: To feed the students.• -DOT: Provide roads to get to school.• -Teachers: To educate the students.• -Students: To Learn and master schoolwork.• -Parents: To assist teachers and students.• -Tax Payers: Provide $ for all of the above.• -DOE: To manage teachers.• -Farmers: Provide the food for all of the above.

• Possible Answers:• -Principal: To manage the entire school• -Custodian: Maintain the building.• -Lunch Staff: To feed the students.• -DOT: Provide roads to get to school.• -Teachers: To educate the students.• -Students: To Learn and master schoolwork.• -Parents: To assist teachers and students.• -Tax Payers: Provide $ for all of the above.• -DOE: To manage teachers.• -Farmers: Provide the food for all of the above.

• Possible Answers:• -Principal: To manage the entire school• -Custodian: Maintain the building.• -Lunch Staff: To feed the students.• -DOT: Provide roads to get to school.• -Teachers: To educate the students.• -Students: To Learn and master schoolwork.• -Parents: To assist teachers and students.• -Tax Payers: Provide $ for all of the above.• -DOE: To manage teachers.• -Farmers: Provide the food for all of the above.

• Possible Answers:• -Principal: To manage the entire school• -Custodian: Maintain the building.• -Lunch Staff: To feed the students.• -DOT: Provide roads to get to school.• -Teachers: To educate the students.• -Students: To Learn and master schoolwork.• -Parents: To assist teachers and students.• -Tax Payers: Provide $ for all of the above.• -DOE: To manage teachers.• -Farmers: Provide the food for all of the above.

• Possible Answers:• -Principal: To manage the entire school• -Custodian: Maintain the building.• -Lunch Staff: To feed the students.• -DOT: Provide roads to get to school.• -Teachers: To educate the students.• -Students: To Learn and master schoolwork.• -Parents: To assist teachers and students.• -Tax Payers: Provide $ for all of the above.• -DOE: To manage teachers.• -Farmers: Provide the food for all of the above.

• Possible Answers:• -Principal: To manage the entire school• -Custodian: Maintain the building.• -Lunch Staff: To feed the students.• -DOT: Provide roads to get to school.• -Teachers: To educate the students.• -Students: To Learn and master schoolwork.• -Parents: To assist teachers and students.• -Tax Payers: Provide $ for all of the above.• -DOE: To manage teachers.• -Farmers: Provide the food for all of the above.

• Possible Answers:• -Principal: To manage the entire school• -Custodian: Maintain the building.• -Lunch Staff: To feed the students.• -DOT: Provide roads to get to school.• -Teachers: To educate the students.• -Students: To Learn and master schoolwork.• -Parents: To assist teachers and students.• -Tax Payers: Provide $ for all of the above.• -DOE: To manage teachers.• -Farmers: Provide the food for all of the above.

• Possible Answers:• -Principal: To manage the entire school• -Custodian: Maintain the building.• -Lunch Staff: To feed the students.• -DOT: Provide roads to get to school.• -Teachers: To educate the students.• -Students: To Learn and master schoolwork.• -Parents: To assist teachers and students.• -Tax Payers: Provide $ for all of the above.• -DOE: To manage teachers.• -Farmers: Provide the food for all of the above.

• Possible Answers:• -Principal: To manage the entire school• -Custodian: Maintain the building.• -Lunch Staff: To feed the students.• -DOT: Provide roads to get to school.• -Teachers: To educate the students.• -Students: To Learn and master schoolwork.• -Parents: To assist teachers and students.• -Tax Payers: Provide $ for all of the above.• -DOE: To manage teachers.• -Farmers: Provide the food for all of the above.

• Possible Answers:• -Principal: To manage the entire school• -Custodian: Maintain the building.• -Lunch Staff: To feed the students.• -DOT: Provide roads to get to school.• -Teachers: To educate the students.• -Students: To Learn and master schoolwork.• -Parents: To assist teachers and students.• -Tax Payers: Provide $ for all of the above.• -DOE: To manage teachers.• -Farmers: Provide the food for all of the above.

• Possible Answers:• -Principal: To manage the entire school• -Custodian: Maintain the building.• -Lunch Staff: To feed the students.• -DOT: Provide roads to get to school.• -Teachers: To educate the students.• -Students: To Learn and master schoolwork.• -Parents: To assist teachers and students.• -Tax Payers: Provide $ for all of the above.• -DOE: To manage teachers.• -Farmers: Provide the food for all of the above.

• Possible Answers:• -Principal: To manage the entire school• -Custodian: Maintain the building.• -Lunch Staff: To feed the students.• -DOT: Provide roads to get to school.• -Teachers: To educate the students.• -Students: To Learn and master schoolwork.• -Parents: To assist teachers and students.• -Tax Payers: Provide $ for all of the above.• -DOE: To manage teachers.• -Farmers: Provide the food for all of the above.

• Activity! Each table needs to look at the picture and describe the ecological niche of one the organisms. Niche = jobs / role.

• Activity! Each table needs to look at the picture and describe the ecological niche of one the organisms.

Plants: Provide oxygen and are the producers in this ecosystem

• Activity! Each table needs to look at the picture and describe the ecological niche of one the organisms.

Butterfly: Pollinates plants and is a food source for birds

• Activity! Each table needs to look at the picture and describe the ecological niche of one the organisms.

Butterfly: Pollinates plants and is a food source for birds

• Activity! Each table needs to look at the picture and describe the ecological niche of one the organisms.

Crayfish: Eats dead material and recycles nutrients + food source for fish.

• Activity! Each table needs to look at the picture and describe the ecological niche of one the organisms.

Predatory Bird: Keeps populations of fish in check.

• Activity! Each table needs to look at the picture and describe the ecological niche of one the organisms.

Trees: Hold soil together, food source, habitat for birds and other.

• Activity! Each table needs to look at the picture and describe the ecological niche of one the organisms.

Fish: Keep insect populations in check, food source for larger fish.

• Activity! Each table needs to look at the picture and describe the ecological niche of one the organisms.

Insects: Break down waste, food source, pollinate.

• Activity! Each table needs to look at the picture and describe the ecological niche of one the organisms.

Clam: Filters water, creates habitat, food source.

Area of Focus: Competition.Area of Focus: Competition.

• What is competition?

Competition: The interaction between Competition: The interaction between organisms or species, in which the organisms or species, in which the fitness of one is lowered by the fitness of one is lowered by the presence of another. presence of another.

Four types of competitionFour types of competition--------

--

Interspecific competition: Over Interspecific competition: Over resources between different species.resources between different species.

IntIntererspecific competition: Over specific competition: Over resources between diffresources between differerent species.ent species.

Intraspecific competition: The same Intraspecific competition: The same species compete for resources.species compete for resources.

IntIntraraspecific competition: The sspecific competition: The saame me species compete for resources.species compete for resources.

Interference competition: fighting / Interference competition: fighting / disrupting.disrupting.

IInterference competition: fnterference competition: fiightghtiing / ng / ddiisruptsruptining.g.

• Birds will often chase other birds away from habitat.

• Fish will also protect their territory and chase away other fish.

Exploitative: Share resources.Exploitative: Share resources.

EExploitative: Sharxploitative: Sharee resources. resources.

• In a pack of wolves, there is a strict hierarchy of who feeds first.

• In a pack of wolves, there is a strict hierarchy of who feeds first.– First the alpha male or female will eat.

• In a pack of wolves, there is a strict hierarchy of who feeds first.– First the alpha male or female will eat.– Then the other wolves of the group.

• In a pack of wolves, there is a strict hierarchy of who feeds first.– First the alpha male or female will eat.– Then the other wolves of the group. – Each wolf has to respect it’s position in ranking, if

not they will be corrected by the wolves that are higher in ranking.

• Activity Quiz! 1-10 + bonus

• Name the type of competition.

• Interspecific,Interspecific, Intraspecific,Intraspecific, Interference,Interference, ExploitativeExploitative

9

10

*11 Bonus “Which pro

wrestler am I?”

“I can’t stand these Quiz Wiz

things!”

• Answers to Quiz – Types of competition.

Intraspecific Intraspecific competition:competition: The The same species same species compete for compete for resources.resources.

Intraspecific

Interference competitionInterference competition: :

fighting / disrupting.fighting / disrupting.

Exploitative: Exploitative: Sharing resources.Sharing resources.

Interspecific competitionInterspecific competition: : Over resources between Over resources between different species.different species.

9

9 Interference competitionInterference competition: : fighting / disrupting.fighting / disrupting.

10

10 Interspecific Interspecific competitioncompetition: Over resources : Over resources between different species.between different species.

*11 Bonus “Which pro

wrestler am I?”

“I can’t stand these Quiz Wiz

things!”

• Continued Focus – Animal Interactions.

• Continued Focus – Animal Interactions.

Most animal interactions are…Most animal interactions are…Competing for the same food supply. Competing for the same food supply. Eating (predation).Eating (predation).Avoid being eaten (avoiding Avoid being eaten (avoiding

predation). predation).

Most animal interactions are…Most animal interactions are…Competing for the same food supply. Competing for the same food supply. Eating (predation).Eating (predation).Avoid being eaten (avoiding Avoid being eaten (avoiding

predation). predation).

Most animal interactions are…Most animal interactions are…Competing for the same food supply. Competing for the same food supply. Eating (predation).Eating (predation).Avoid being eaten (avoiding predation). Avoid being eaten (avoiding predation).

Most animal interactions are…Most animal interactions are…Competing for the same food supply. Competing for the same food supply. Eating (predation).Eating (predation).Avoid being eaten (avoiding predation). Avoid being eaten (avoiding predation).

• Food Webs – Who eats whom.

Food Web: A complex network of many Food Web: A complex network of many interconnected food chains and feeding interconnected food chains and feeding interactions.interactions.

• Question! What happened to the food web when critical species were removed?

• Answer: The food web fell apart. So did the health of the ecosystem.

Predator: An organism that lives by Predator: An organism that lives by preying on other organisms. preying on other organisms.

Prey: An animal hunted for food. Prey: An animal hunted for food.

Prey: An animal hunted for food. Prey: An animal hunted for food.

Prey: An animal hunted for food. Prey: An animal hunted for food.

• Which letter below represents the predator, and which represents the prey?

• Which letter below represents the predator, and which represents the prey?

• Which letter below represents the predator, and which represents the prey?

• Which letter below represents the predator, and which represents the prey?

• Which letter below represents the predator, and which represents the prey?

• Which letter below represents the predator, and which represents the prey?

• Which letter below represents the predator, and which represents the prey?

• Which letter below represents the predator, and which represents the prey?

• Review!Review!

– Habitat: The area or environment where an Habitat: The area or environment where an organism or ecological community organism or ecological community normally lives.normally lives.

• Habitat includes space, take advantage of safe places to rest such as burrows.

• Take advantage of the food that a habitat has to offer.

• Habitat includes space, take advantage of safe places to rest such as burrows.

• Take advantage of the food that a habitat has to offer.

• Make caches of food.

• Storing food for later.– Don’t forget where they are.

Typical Predator and Prey population Typical Predator and Prey population graph.graph.

*

Typical Predator and Prey population Typical Predator and Prey population graph.graph.

Typical Predator and Prey population Typical Predator and Prey population graph.graph.

Typical Predator and Prey population Typical Predator and Prey population graph.graph.

Typical Predator and Prey population Typical Predator and Prey population graph.graph.

Any Predictions?

Typical Predator and Prey population Typical Predator and Prey population graph.graph.

Typical Predator and Prey population Typical Predator and Prey population graph.graph.

Typical Predator and Prey population Typical Predator and Prey population graph.graph.

Typical Predator and Prey population Typical Predator and Prey population graph.graph.

Typical Predator and Prey population Typical Predator and Prey population graph.graph.

Typical Predator and Prey population Typical Predator and Prey population graph.graph.

Typical Predator and Prey population Typical Predator and Prey population graph.graph.

Typical Predator and Prey population Typical Predator and Prey population graph.graph.

Typical Predator and Prey population Typical Predator and Prey population graph.graph.

Typical Predator and Prey population Typical Predator and Prey population graph.graph.

Typical Predator and Prey population Typical Predator and Prey population graph.graph.

• Please make some inferences about this graph.– Why do the populations rise and fall as they do?

• Answer! As prey rise,

• Answer! As prey rise, predator rise just behind them.

• Answer! As prey rise, predator rise just behind them. As they rise they overpopulate and many prey get eaten.

• Answer! As prey rise, predator rise just behind them. As they rise they overpopulate and many prey get eaten. The predators then die until the prey repopulate.

• Answer! As prey rise, predator rise just behind them. As they rise they overpopulate and many prey get eaten. The predators then die until the prey repopulate. The cycle repeats.

• Predator Prey Simulator (Optional)– http://www.shodor.org/interactivate/activities/R

abbitsAndWolves/

• Video Link (Optional) Predators and Prey– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vZynrBA91fY