The Future of the Nuclear Suppliers Group

8/3/2019 The Future of the Nuclear Suppliers Group

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\MA IQ\QRA JI \MA

EQ@DAKR PQVVDCARP HRJQV

NKRO MCBBP



© 26;; @kreahca Aeljwnaet ijr Cetarektcjekd Vakà. Kdd rchmts rasarval.

a @kreahca Aeljwnaet ljas ejt tkoa cestctutcjekd pjsctcjes je pubdc` pjdc`ycssuas? tma vcaws raprasaetal mara kra tma kutmjr–s jwe kel lj ejt eaàsskrcdyrafla`t tma vcaws ji tma Aeljwnaet, cts stk st , jr cts trustaas.

Ej pkrt ji tmcs pubdc`ktcje nky ba raprjluàl jr trkesncttal ce key ijrn jr by

key nakes wctmjut parncsscje ce wrctceh irjn tma @kreahca Aeljwnaet. Vdaksa

lcra`t cequcrcas tj7

@kreahca Aeljwnaet ijr Cetarektcjekd Vakà

Vubdc`ktcjes Lapkrtnaet

;883 Nkssk`musatts Kvaeua, EX Xksmcehtje, L.@. 26609

\ad. +; 262-<=0-8966

Ikx7 +; 262-<=0-;=<6

[email protected]

cs pubdc`ktcje `ke ba ljwedjklal kt ej `jst

kt [email protected]/pubs.



@jetaets

Ijrawjrl v

Punnkry ;

\ma Eu`dakr Puppdcars Hrjup7@urraet @mkddaehas ce @jetaxt 1

\ma EPH–s Dkst La`kla 8

Ppa`c` @urraet kel Iutura @mkddaehasIk`ceh tma EPH ;0

Lcs`cpdcea kel @ralcbcdcty7 \ma EPH

kel @mcek–s Eu`dakr \rkla Xctm Vkocstke ;0

\ma EPH–s Radktcjesmcp Xctm tma EV\

kel tma [uastcje ji Iutura Nanbarsmcp ;8

EPH La`cscjenkoceh 29

Ravcscje ji tma Hucladceas7 Aerc`mnaet kel Raprjàssceh 23

\ma EPH–s Raspjesa tj ke Avjdvceh Hdjbkd

Eu`dakr \rkla Rahcna 0;

\ma EPH kel tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa 08

\ma EPH kel Jtmar Axpjrt @jetrjd Krrkehanaets 03

\ma EPH kel tma ;1<6 @jnncttaa <0

Aeijrànaet kel Aiia`tcvaeass <1



\rkespkrae`y kel Jutrak`m <8

Nudtcdktarkd Eu`dakr Iuad Kssurkeàs 16

@je`duscje7 \ma EPH kt tma @rjssrjklsji ke Avjdvceh Eu`dakr \rkla Rahcna 10

Ejtas 18

Kbjut tma Kutmjr 9;

@kreahca Aeljwnaet ijr Cetarektcjekd Vakà 92



v

Ijrawjrl

Je Nky 3 kel ;6 tmcs yakr, tma @kreahca Aeljwnaet ijr Cetarektcjekd Vakà mjstal kel

`jelu`tal k wjrosmjp kt @kreahca Aurjpa maklqukrtars ce Brussads tctdal —\ma Eu`dakr

Puppdcars Hrjup kel tma Iutura ji Eu`dakr \rkla.„ @kreahca cevctal tj tmcs naatceh kdd

hjvarenaets pkrtc`cpktceh ce tma Eu`dakr Puppdcars Hrjup (EPH) kel sada`tal eu`dakr

trkla pjdc`y axparts irjn k`klanck, tma Aurjpake Qecje, tma Aurjpake Vkrdcknaet kel

ektcjekd dahcsdktcva bjlcas, celustry, cetarektcjekd jrhkeczktcjes, kel ejehjvarenaetkd

jrhkeczktcjes. Kbjut 81 cevctaas pkrtc`cpktal ce tma wjrosmjp, wctm kbjut mkdi ji tmasa

irjn 06 EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets.

@kreahca jrhkeczal tma wjrosmjp kitar tma Ncecstry ji Ijrache Kiikcrs ji tma

Eatmardkels, wmc`m wks s`maludal tj kssuna tma rjtktceh `mkcrnkesmcp ji tma EPH ijr

jea yakr bahceeceh ce Guea 26;;, prjpjsal tmcs pkst Ejvanbar tmkt wa `jelu`t ke avaet

tj ijùs tma kttaetcje ji EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets kel jtmars `jeàreal wctm tma

nkekhanaet ji cetarektcjekd eu`dakr trkla je cssuas tmkt ce raàet yakrs mkl `jna tj tma

ijra kel tmkt wjudl ba `rctc`kd tj tma EPH–s iutura wjro.

Pjna ji tma tjpc`s je tma wjrosmjp khaelk mkl kdrakly lrkwe kttaetcje irjn tma

EPH kel cts wjroceh hrjups. Jtmars, mjwavar“parmkps tma njst schec`ket djehar-tarn

cssuas“mkva ejt baae `jdda`tcvady kllrassal by tma hrjup, kel nkey EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh

hjvarenaets mkva dcoawcsa ejt systanktc`kddy axpdjral tman.

Pjna ji tma tjpc`s wa sjuhmt tj rkcsa kppakral tj as`kpa `jeàrtal kttaetcje by tma

EPH, ce pkrt ba`kusa cts la`cscjenkoceh kel rjutcea k`tcvctcas kra ijùsal je njra cnna-

lckta prjbdans kel ce pkrt ba`kusa tma EPH–s `jesaesus-bksal la`cscjenkoceh prjàss

mks pravaetal sjna ctans irjn baceh put je cts khaelk. Ks wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpkets pjcetal

jut, ke EPH `mkcrnke cs ce ik`t lcs`jurkhal irjn haearktceh njnaetun tj kllrass

nkttars wctm k djeh trkga`tjry ba`kusa mcs tarn ljas ejt axtael tmrjuhm tma eaxt keeukdpdaekry naatceh, wmc`m cs madl jea yakr kitar ma kssunas tma rjtktceh `mkcrnkesmcp.

\ma prjga`t wks kdsj cetaelal tj `jetrcbuta tj tma pjdc`ynkoceh prjàss ce rakd tcna.

Je tma lky kitar tma Brussads wjrosmjp, tma Ncecstry ji Ijrache Kiikcrs ji tma Eatmardkels

mjstal ke ceijrnkd sancekr ji tma EPH ce \ma Mkhua. Lurceh tmkt sancekr, sjna ji tma

elcehs ji tma @kreahca wjrosmjp wara prasaetal. Jea njetm dktar, kt tma EPH–s 26;;

pdaekry naatceh madl ce Ejjrlwcgo, tma Eatmardkels ijrnkddy kssunal tma `mkcrnkesmcp

ji tma EPH ijr jea yakr.



vc | \ma Iutura ji tma Eu`dakr Puppdcars Hrjup

Ct wks kdsj khraal tmkt @kreahca wjudl pubdcsm ke jpae rapjrt bksal je tma prjàal-

cehs ji tma wjrosmjp ce tma cetarast ji ceijrnceh tma brjklar pjdc`y ̀ jnnuecty kbjut tma

lcsùsscje madl lurceh tma naatceh. K `jnpaelcun ji suhhastcjes kel ra`jnnaelktcjes

anarhceh irjn tma wjrosmjp cs ce`dulal ce tmcs rapjrt. \ma rapjrt, mjwavar, cs brjklar

ce s`jpa tmke tma wjrosmjp, kel ct `jeàres ctsadi wctm tma mcstjry ji tma EPH irjn cts

ceàptcje ks wadd ks wctm avaets tmkt trkespcral kitar tma wjrosmjp wks madl. Ce wrctceh tma

rapjrt, C ce`jrpjrktal tma ra`jrl ji tma wjrosmjp lcsùsscje cetj k brjklar prasaetktcje

tmkt cetarpratal tma nktarckd kel pjcetal tj sjna haearkd ̀ je`duscjes, wmc`m kra ny jwe.

Ce jrlar tj ik`cdctkta tj tma hraktast axtaet pjsscbda ke ueaeùnbaral lcsùsscje ji sae-

sctcva eu`dakr trkla pjdc`y cssuas, tma wjrosmjp wks madl uelar tma @mktmkn Mjusa Ruda,

wmc`m kdsj hjvareal mjw tma nktarckd cs prasaetal ce tmcs rapjrt. \mcs rapjrt `jvars kdd tma

tjpc`s je tma khaelk ji tma wjrosmjp. Ct raiars tj kel `ctas pkrtc`cpkets– stktanaets kel

cetarvaetcjes, but, ks khraal kt tma jutsat, tma claetctcas ji tma kutmjrs ji tma stktanaets

kel cetarvaetcjes mkva ejt baae lcs`djsal.

K ekd wjrl kbjut wmkt tmcs wjrosmjp wks kel wmkt ct wks ejt.

Ce ;338 kel ;333, tma EPH ctsadi jrhkeczal twj sancekrs je tma EPH kel cts rjda

ce axpjrt `jetrjds kel eu`dakr ejeprjdciarktcje, tma rst jea ce Ycaeek kel tma sa`jel

ce Eaw Sjro.; \masa wara jpae naatcehs kel wara cetaelal tj cestru`t k dkrha kulcaeà

kbjut wmkt tma EPH cs kel mjw ct iue`tcjes.

Eactmar @kreahca ejr tma Ncecstry ji Ijrache Kiikcrs ji tma Eatmardkels kspcral tj lj

tmcs ocel ji jutrak`m ce mjdlceh tma Brussads wjrosmjp. \ma prcna cetaetcje wks cestakl

tj lcsùss wctm EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh stktas kel k snkdd eunbar ji eu`dakr trkla spa`ckdcsts

sjna ùrraet kel iutura `mkddaehas ik`ceh tma EPH, ce tma cetarast ji tma hrjup–s iutura

aiia`tcvaeass, `jmascvaeass, kel `ralcbcdcty.

C wcsm tj tmkeo tma axparts wmj ravcawal tma lrkit taxt ji tmcs rapjrt, aspa`ckddy LnctrcyEcojejv ji tma @aetar ijr Cetarektcjekd \rkla kel Paùrcty kt tma Qecvarscty ji Hajrhck,

wmj prjvclal nu`m ceschmt. C kdsj wcsm tj mjejr Cke Ketmjey, @mrcstar Kmdstrjn, kel

Yctkdy Ial`maeoj ji tma Ptjòmjdn Cetarektcjekd Vakà Rasakr`m Cestctuta ijr tmacr pktm-

brakoceh rasakr`m je tma EPH.

C wcsm tj `jnnael tma Ncecstry ji Ijrache Kiikcrs ji tma Eatmardkels ijr cts prasaet

kel pkst `jnnctnaet tj trkespkrae`y ce EPH kiikcrs kel tmkeo Knbksskljr Vcat la

Odaro, tma ùrraet EPH `mkcrnke, ks wadd ks mcs `jddakhuas“ce pkrtcùdkr Rkdi vke la

Baao, Gjsapmcea Irketzae, Ektmkdca Gkkrsnk, kel Maeo @jr vke lar Owkst“ijr tmacr

huclkeà kel suppjrt ce `krryceh jut tmcs prjga`t. \ma `jetaets ji tmcs rapjrt, kel tma

vcaws axprassal tmarace, mjwavar, kra ny raspjescbcdcty. \may lj ejt raprasaet key ji`ckdpjsctcje jr vcaw ji tma Eatmardkels hjvarenaet, tma EPH, jr cts `mkcr.

Nkro Mcbbs

Paecjr Kssj`ckta

Eu`dakr Vjdc`y Vrjhrkn

@kreahca Aeljwnaet ijr Cetarektcjekd Vakà



;

Punnkry

Kitar tma rst Celcke eu`dakr axpdjscva tast ce ;38<, savae eu`dakr suppdcar hjvarenaets

wara ̀ jevceàl tmkt tma Eu`dakr Eje-Vrjdciarktcje \rakty (EV\) kdjea wjudl ejt mkdt tma

sprakl ji eu`dakr wakpjes“k vcaw tmkt lavadjpnaets ce Crke, Crkq, Ejrtm Ojrak, kel adsa-

wmara wjudl dktar uelars`jra. \ma savae hjvarenaets ijrnal tma Eu`dakr Puppdcars Hrjup

(EPH), kel jvar tma `jursa ji njra tmke tmraa la`klas, ct mks ba`jna tma wjrdl–s daklceh

nudtcdktarkd eu`dakr axpjrt ̀ jetrjd krrkehanaet, astkbdcsmceh hucladceas tmkt hjvare trkes-

iars ji eu`dakr-radktal nktarckds, aqucpnaet, kel ta`mejdjhy. Sat, ks k vjduetkry kel ̀ jesae-

sus-bksal jrhkeczktcje ji <9 pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets, tma EPH tjlky ikàs k mjst ji ̀ mkd-

daehas rkehceh irjn quastcjes kbjut cts ̀ ralcbcdcty kel iutura nanbarsmcp tj cts radktcjesmcp

tj tma EV\ kel jtmar nudtcdktarkd krrkehanaets.

Ce dchmt ji nkgjr raàet lavadjpnaets ce hdjbkdczal eu`dakr trkla“`jnpdax prjdciark-

tcje trkesk`tcjes kel eatwjros tmkt `crùnvaet nudtcdktarkd trkla `jetrjds, tma ce`raksceh

rjda ijr ejestkta k`tjrs ce prjùranaet kel prjdciarktcje, jppjrtuecstc` axpjrtceh pjdc`cas

ji suppdcar stktas, kel tma rcsa ji cetarektcjekd aqucty cssuas ce hdjbkd eu`dakr hjvarekeà

kel trkla lcpdjnk`y“nanbar stktas nust kllrass tmasa prassceh cssuas kel rak`m jut tj

eje-EPH stktas. \ma hrjup `keejt iue`tcje ce csjdktcje.

\j ae`jurkha tma EPH tj `jesclar cssuas tmkt mkva k schec`ket cnpk`t je cts iutura

`ralcbcdcty kel aiia`tcvaeass, tma @kreahca Aeljwnaet madl k wjrosmjp ce Brussads, —\ma

Eu`dakr Puppdcars Hrjup kel tma Iutura ji Eu`dakr \rkla,„ irjn Nky 3 tj ;6, 26;;.

\ma wjrosmjp, suppjrtal by tma Ncecstry ji Ijrache Kiikcrs ji tma Eatmardkels, wmc`m

kssunal tma EPH `mkcr ce Guea, wks kttaelal by 81 axparts, ce`dulceh ji`ckds irjn 06

EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets.

Vkrtc`cpkets nkla ct ̀ dakr tmkt tma EPH nust la`cla mjw tj nkekha cts iutura radktcje-

smcp wctm stktas jutscla tma hrjup kel mjw tj laea ctsadi wctm raspa`t tj tma EV\, wmjsa;36 pkrtcas kra `jnncttal tj pravaetceh tma sprakl ji eu`dakr wakpjes, kel prjnjtceh

lcskrnknaet kel tma pakàiud usa ji eu`dakr ta`mejdjhy. Cetarektcjekd eu`dakr `jnnarà

cs rkpcldy avjdvceh cetj k systan ji `jnpdax trkesk`tcjes cevjdvceh lastcektcjes kel k`tjrs

tmkt uetcd ejw mkva baae lcs`jeea`tal irjn tma wjrdl ji eu`dakr trkla `jetrjds, ba tmay

hjvarenaets tmkt kra nanbars ji bullceh rahcjekd ùstjns uecjes jr celapaelaet brj-

oars, trklars, kel eke`cars su`m ks tmjsa wmj mkva baae kidcktal wctm Vkocstkec s`caetcst

Kblud [klaar Omke. Ks tma wjrdl–s eu`dakr celustry axpkels, aehkhceh tmjsa `juetrcas

jutscla tma EPH irknawjro wcdd ba ikr njra ̀ rctc`kd tmke kt key tcna ce tma EPH–s mcstjry.



2 | \ma Iutura ji tma Eu`dakr Puppdcars Hrjup

Celck cs jea su`m `juetry. Ks k stkta wctm uela`dkral eu`dakr k`tcvctcas jutscla tma

EV\, Celck wks bkrral by tma EPH kel tma EV\ irjn njst cetarektcjekd eu`dakr `jn-

narà, but tma hrjup dcital eu`dakr trkla ske`tcjes khkcest Celck ce 266= kt tma raquast

ji tma Qectal Ptktas, suppjrtal by jtmar nkgjr eu`dakr axpjrtceh hjvarenaets, ce`dulceh

Irkeà kel Russck. Xjrosmjp pkrtc`cpkets kllrassal tma quastcje ji wmatmar tma Celck

la`cscje wks k —scehudkr axàptcje„ tj prce`cpdas sat by tma EV\ pkrtcas kel kljptal by

tma EPH, ks cts nkce klvj`ktas `dkcnal, jr wmatmar ct nkroal k schec`ket `jursa `jr-

ra`tcje by tma EPH tjwkrl tma hjkd ji jbtkceceh tma klmaraeà kel pkrtc`cpktcje ji kdd

eu`dakr suppdcar stktas, ce`dulceh tmjsa jutscla tma EV\ tmkt aerc`m urkecun, raprjàss

crrklcktal eu`dakr iuad, kel mkva eu`dakr wakpjes. Kttaelaas prasaetal krhunaets ijr

bjtm `ksas but `kna tj ej `jesaesus.

Ejw, tmraa yakrs kitar tma Celck axàptcje, @mcek cetaels tj axpjrt njra pjwar rak`tjrs

tj Vkocstke, wmc`m cs, dcoa Celck, k stkta jutscla tma EV\ wctm eu`dakr krns. K``jrlceh

tj EPH hucladceas, Vkocstke wjudl mkva tj `jnnct tj iudd-s`jpa Cetarektcjekd Ktjnc`

Aearhy Khae`y (CKAK) skiahukrls ks k `jelctcje ijr tma trkesk`tcje. \mkt wcdd ejt mkppae,

kel wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpkets lcsùssal wmatmar @mcek `ke ba parsuklal ejt tj axpjrt tma

rak`tjrs jr cestakl tj saao k ijrnkd axàptcje tj EPH hucladceas. @mcek ̀ dkcns tma axpjrts

kra —hrkeliktmaral„ by k djeh-stkelceh khraanaet wctm Vkocstke. Vrasaetdy tma EPH mks

ejt ijrnudktal k raspjesa tj @mcek–s ̀ mkddaeha, but ci Bacgceh ljas ejt ̀ jna tj sjna khraa-

naet wctm tma EPH, tma hrjup–s ̀ ralcbcdcty wcdd ba lknkhal, wjrosmjp kttaelaas wkreal.

\ma EPH nust ba prapkral tj ce`dula eaw axpjrtars, nkey ji tman lavadjpceh `jue-

trcas pravcjusdy jutscla tma ikbrc` ji eu`dakr trkla ruda nkoceh. Ct wcdd kdsj mkva tj kllrass

`jeàres tmkt tma jrhkeczktcje cs ke ax`duscva `dub tmkt uelarùts stktas– rchmts tj eu`dakr

`jnnarà. \ma EPH ce`jrpjrktal @mcek cetj tma hrjup ce 266< kel smjudl `jesclar

tmcs axparcaeà ce key iutura axpkescje. \ma Qectal Ptktas mks ijràl tma pkà ji tmcslcsùsscje by klvj`ktceh iudd EPH nanbarsmcp ijr Celck. \mjuhm wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpkets

irjn Celck, Csrkad, kel Vkocstke prasaetal krhunaets ks tj wmy tmasa `juetrcas smjudl

ba ce`dulal ce tma krrkehanaet, tmara wks ej `jesaesus knjeh tma kttaelaas tmkt tmkt

smjudl mkppae ce tma eakr iutura.

Kdd ji tmcs wcdd kiia`t tma rudas by wmc`m tma EPH jparktas. \ma EPH eaals tj `jesclar

mjw cts vjduetkry pkrtc`cpktcje kel `jesaesus-bksal la`cscjenkoceh wcdd ikra ks njra

stktas gjce tma hrjup. Avae kt tma EPH–s ̀ urraet scza, sjna wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpkets skcl tmkt

tma knjuet ji ̀ jnpdax eahjtcktcje tmkt wjudl ba raqucral tj rak`m k ̀ jesaesus je ̀ rctarck

ijr ke axàptcje ijr Vkocstke wjudl ejt ba wjrtm tma `jnpkrktcvady dcnctal baeat ji

mkdtceh k snkdd knjuet ji Pcej-Vkocstkec eu`dakr trkla tmkt cs ce vcjdktcje ji tma hucla-dceas. Yjduetkry `jnnctnaets kra lciùdt tj aeijrà. But nkey wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpkets

skw dcttda upscla tj tureceh tma EPH cetj k njra ijrnkd jrhkeczktcje.

\ma ce`raksceh vjduna ji eu`dakr trkla kel tma avjdutcje ji axpjrtceh stktas– prjdciark-

tcje tmrakt kssassnaets mkva prjnptal k ravcaw by tma EPH ji cts ̀ jetrjd dcsts“`jetkceceh

tmjsa ctans tmkt nanbars khraa ̀ judl ba usal tj prjluà eu`dakr wakpjes kel tmus wmjsa

axpjrt smjudl ba rastrc`tal. La`cscjes nkla by tma hrjup ce tmcs krak wcdd prjijueldy

cnpk`t tma EPH–s iutura aiia`tcvaeass. \ma jehjceh dcst ravcaw smjudl ba `krrcal jut wctm



Nkro Mcbbs | 0

tma ̀ jjparktcje ji ektcjekd hjvarenaets– aeijrànaet khae`cas tj kssura tmkt prk`tctcjears

raspjescbda ijr `jetrjddceh trkla uelarstkel kel `ke cnpdanaet tma hrjup–s la`cscjes.

\j iurtmar prjnjta trkespkrae`y kel pkrtc`cpktcje, tma EPH smjudl systanktc`kddy

cevastchkta tma pjsscbcdctcas ijr iutura `jddkbjrktcje wctm jtmar nudtcdktarkd axpjrt `jetrjd

krrkehanaets, aspa`ckddy ce tma kraks ji hjjl prk`tcàs, ai`cae`y, ceijrnktcje nkekha-

naet, tmrakt kssassnaets, hucladcea cnpdanaetktcje, `jesaesus ijrnktcje, aeijrànaet,

kel jutrak`m. Ce pkrtcùdkr, wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpkets urhal, tma EPH smjudl cetaesciy

`jjparktcje wctm tma QE Paùrcty @jue`cd–s Rasjdutcje ;1<6 @jnncttaa tj astkbdcsm

kel uecvarskdcza k hdjbkd stkelkrl ijr eu`dakr axpjrt `jetrjds, kel tj bucdl `kpk`cty ce

ektcjekd hjvarenaets tj mkva tmkt stkelkrl kppdcal kel aeijràl.

Ce k hdjbkdczal aevcrjenaet ce wmc`m eu`dakr hjjls nky ba prjluàl jr trkesk`tal

keywmara ce tma wjrdl, tma EPH nust rankce ke assaetckd cestrunaet ijr pravaetceh

eu`dakr nktarckd, aqucpnaet, kel ta`mejdjhy irjn hattceh cetj tma mkels ji tmjsa wmj

saao tj lavadjp eu`dakr krns. But ct nust rak`m jut tj celustry, hjvarenaets, kel jtmar

ejeprjdciarktcje stkoamjdlars kel klkpt tj eaw `jelctcjes.





1

\ma Eu`dakr Puppdcars Hrjup wks

ijrnal by stktas `jevceàl tmkt tma EV\

kdjea wjudl ejt latar prjdciarktjrs.

\ma Eu`dakr PuppdcarsHrjup7 @urraet@mkddaehas ce @jetaxt

\mara kra twj nudtcdktarkd krrkehanaets tmkt astkbdcsm hucladceas ijr klncecstarceh eu`dakr

axpjrt `jetrjds7 tma Eu`dakr Puppdcars Hrjup (EPH) kel tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa, kdsj

oejwe ks tma Axpjrtars @jnncttaa ji tma Eu`dakr Eje-Vrjdciarktcje \rakty (EV\). Bjtm

krrkehanaets anarhal lurceh tma ;386s, kel bjtm avjdval jvar tcna tj suppdanaet bcdkt-

arkd eu`dakr trkla khraanaets, wmc`m, bahceeceh ce tma yakrs kitar Xjrdl Xkr CC, mkva hjv-

areal eakrdy kdd ji tma wjrdl–s ̀ jnnarà ce eu`dakr nktarckds, aqucpnaet, kel ta`mejdjhy.

\ma Wkehhar @jnncttaa jrchcektal ce ;38; wmae k hrjup ji itaae eu`dakr suppdcar

stktas bahke naatceh tj `dkrciy mjw tj cetarprat kel cnpdanaet Krtc`da CCC.2 ji tma EV\,

wmc`m raqucras tmkt stkta pkrtcas tj tma EV\ kppdyCetarektcjekd Ktjnc` Aearhy Khae`y (CKAK) skia-

hukrls je tmacr eu`dakr axpjrts. \ma krtc`da stktas

tmkt EV\ pkrtcas uelartkoa ejt tj prjvcla —sjurà

jr spa`ckd sscjekbda nktarckd, jr aqucpnaet jr

nktarckd aspa`ckddy lascheal jr prapkral _ALV^ ijr

tma prjàssceh, usa, jr prjlu`tcje ji spa`ckd sscje-

kbda nktarckd„ tj eje‐eu`dakr wakpje stktas uedass

tma sjurà jr sscjekbda nktarckd cs uelar skiahukrls.

Axpjrt ji ALV ctans wjudl —trchhar„ àrtkce `jelctcjes ji suppdy, ce`dulceh CKAK skia-

hukrls ce tma ra`cpcaet stkta ci ct wara k pkrty tj tma EV\, kel kssurkeàs ji pakàiud usa citma ra`cpcaet stkta wara ejt ke EV\ pkrty.2 ALV hjjls wara ejt, mjwavar, laeal by tma

EV\, kel tma ceijrnkd Wkehhar @jnncttaa wks ijrnal tj claetciy tmasa ctans.

\ma EPH wks astkbdcsmal by k hrjup ji savae eu`dakr suppdcar stktas tj iurtmar rastrc`t

eu`dakr `jnnarà kitar Celck axpdjlal k eu`dakr lavcà ce ;38< usceh aqucpnaet kel

nktarckd suppdcal by @keklk kel tma Qectal Ptktas uelar bcdktarkd eu`dakr `jjpark-

tcje khraanaets `jnncttceh Celck tj pakàiud usa ji tma cnpjrtal ctans. \ma EPH wks

axprassdy ijrnal je tma prancsa tmkt tma EV\ kel Krtc`da CCC.2 kdjea lcl ejt suià tj pra-

vaet eu`dakr ctans irjn baceh trkesiarral tj pkrtcas tmkt kcnal tj lavadjp eu`dakr wakpjes.




Ce cts hucladceas, tma EPH kljptal tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa–s dcst ji hjjls tmkt trchhar

skiahukrls je axpjrts, but ct waet bayjel tma stcpudktcjes ji Krtc`da CCC.2 ce astkbdcsmceh

jtmar `rctarck tmkt ra`cpcaet stktas nust naat tj cnpjrt eu`dakr hjjls irjn suppdcar stktas.

Bahceeceh ce ;381, tma EPH–s nanbars lrkital hucladceas tmkt twj yakrs dktar wara khraal

upje by itaae stktas. \masa hucladceas wara tmae pubdcsmal by tma CKAK ce ;38=. 0 Ce

kllctcje tj tma trchhar dcst, tmay kdsj ce`dulal —@jnnje @rctarck ijr \a`mejdjhy \rkesiars„

ji saesctcva ctans radktal tj urkecun aerc`mnaet kel crrklcktal iuad raprjàssceh, k

raqucranaet ijr pmysc`kd prjta`tcje, k bke je eu`dakr axpdjscva usas kel je prjlu`tcje ji

mchmdy aerc`mal urkecun (MAQ), `jelctcjes dcnctceh ra`cpcaet stktas– ratrkesiars, kel njra

rastrc`tcva —spa`ckd ̀ jetrjds„ je ctans ijr urkecun aerc`mnaet kel spaet iuad raprjàssceh.

Pceà ;38<, tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa–s trchhar dcst mks baae adkbjrktal kel axpkelal tj

rafla`t tma avjdutcje ji eu`dakr ta`mejdjhy, kel kdsj ba`kusa prjdciarktceh stktas su`àalal

ce axpdjctceh djjpmjdas ce tma hucladceas. Mjwavar, tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa–s nkelkta

rankces bjuel tj cnpdanaetktcje ji EV\ Krtc`da CCC.2.

\ma EPH, mjwavar, mks `jetceual tj axtael tma s`jpa ji cts rudas ijr hdjbkd eu`dakr

trkla bayjel tma nkelkta ji tma EV\.

Kitar pubdcsmceh cts ;38= hucladceas, tma EPH lcl ejt naat khkce uetcd ;33;. Lurceh

tmcs parcjl, savarkd `juetrcas sat up adkbjrkta prjùranaet jrhkeczktcjes tj suppjrt

eu`dakr wakpjes lavadjpnaet prjhrkns. \may cnpjrtal nkey ctans, aspa`ckddy lukd-usa

hjjls, wmc`m wara ejt subga`t tj tma `jetrjds ji tma twj nudtcdktarkd krrkehanaets. Njra

`juetrcas bahke haearktceh eu`dakr pjwar, njra lavadjpal `kpk`ctcas tj prjluà eu`dakr

nktarckds kel aqucpnaet, kel tma eunbar ji EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets ce`raksal

irjn ;1 tj 28. Xmae tma s`kda ji Crkq–s `dkelastcea prjùranaet prjhrkn wks ravakdal

ce ;33; kitar tma rst Hudi Xkr, tma EPH nat ijr tma rst tcna ce tmcrtaae yakrs. Ct tmae

uplktal tma trchhar dcst kel `jnpcdal k eaw `jetrjd dcst ijr lukd-usa ctans, wmc`m wkspubdcsmal by tma CKAK ce ;332.< \ma hucladceas ijr lukd-usa trkla ae`jurkhal suppdcars

tj nkoa k subga`tcva gulhnaet kbjut tma ejeprjdciarktcje `ralaetckds ji pjtaetckd ra`cpc-

aet stktas ce tma `jursa ji dcàesceh axpjrts. Ce ;330, tma EPH axàalal tma EV\ nke-

lkta stcdd iurtmar by raqucrceh ks k `jelctcje ijr tma axpjrt ji trchhar dcst ctans, subga`t tj

eaw eu`dakr suppdy `jnnctnaets, tmkt key eje‐eu`dakr wakpje stkta ra`cpcaet–s eu`dakr

k`tcvctcas ba subga`t tj iudd-s`jpa CKAK skiahukrls. Ce ;33<, tma EPH axtaelal tj trch-

har dcst ctans cts stcpudktcje ce tma EPH lukd-usa hucladceas tmkt suppdcar stktas `jesclar

ra`cpcaets– ejeprjdciarktcje `ralaetckds ce dcàesceh. Ce 2662, tma EPH raspjelal tj tma

avaets ji 3/;; by ce`dulceh ce cts hucladceas tma ra`jnnaelktcje tmkt hraktar aiijrts ba

nkla tj pravaet `jetrjddal ctans irjn baceh jbtkceal by tarrjrcsts. Ce 266<, tma EPH–spkrtc`cpktceh stktas khraal tj kljpt k sj-`kddal `kt`m-kdd na`mkecsn tj latar axpjrts ji

uedcstal ctans sjuhmt by ijrache aetctcas claetcal by suppdcar stktas ks pkrtc`cpktceh ce

eu`dakr wakpjes lavadjpnaet prjhrkns.

Eakrdy k la`kla kitar tma EPH bahke naatceh rahudkrdy tj staklcdy aedkrha tma s`jpa

ji cts `jetrjds, sjna EPH pkrtc`cpkets lurceh jutrak`m k`tcvctcas axprassal `kutcjus jptc-

ncsn tmkt tma nudtcdktarkd axpjrt `jetrjd rahcna wjudl ijr ke celaecta parcjl su`àal

ce stannceh tma sprakl ji eu`dakr hjjls tj prjdciarktjrs. La`dceceh jcd kel hks prcàs,

ueikvjrkbda a`jejnc`s, kel pubdc` k`àptkeà prjbdans dal nkey `juetrcas tj s`kda bkò





= | \ma Iutura ji tma Eu`dakr Puppdcars Hrjup

Lurceh tma pkst la`kla, tma EPH–s

aiia`tcvaeass kel `ralcbcdcty wks lcra`tdy

`mkddaehal by tma wcddceheass ji astkbdcsmal

suppdcars ce tma hrjup tj brako jr bael

cts hucladceas ce tma sarvcà ji tmacrektcjekd saùrcty kel a`jejnc` cetarasts.

tj ijrache pjwars aqucpnaet ct cnpjrtal ijr tmkt prjhrkn, sjna cevastchktjrs kssunal

ct ratkceal `jpcas ji saesctcva hks àetrciuha kel aerc`mnaet pdket lasche ceijrnktcje.8

Vkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets ce tma twj nudtcdktarkd eu`dakr axpjrt `jetrjd krrkehanaets

axpjsal tma wkva ji eu`dakr snuhhdceh tmkt as`kdktal lurceh tma dkta ;336s uetcd Omke–s

krrast by Vkocstkec kutmjrctcas ce 266<. K snkdd eunbar ji prjùranaet khaets, brjoars,

kel prjga`t nkekhars wmj mkl `jddkbjrktal wctm Omke wara subga`t tj gulc`ckd cevastchk-

tcjes kel, ce k iaw `ksas, prjsaùtcje by ektcjekd kutmjrctcas. \ma urkecun aerc`mnaet

ta`mejdjhy prjdciarktal by tmasa k`tjrs, mjwavar, rankces kt dkrha, kel ke cetarektcjekd

kel cetardjòceh `mkce ji prjùranaet kssj`cktcjes kel `jetk`ts, k``jrlceh tj ji`ckds

irjn EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets, kdsj rankces kt dkrha kel k`tcva. \rklars kel brj-

oars aehkhal ce tmcs busceass lcra`tdy `mkddaeha tma `ralcbcdcty kel aiia`tcvaeass ji tma

EPH ba`kusa tmay, kel ce sjna `ksas hjvarenaets ce `juetrcas wmara tmay kra jparktceh,

kra jutscla tma nudtcdktarkd axpjrt `jetrjd krrkehanaet.

Ct cs cnpjrtket tj uelars`jra tmkt, uedcoa pravcjus `ksas ce wmc`m ektcjekd hjvare-

naets tchmtdy nkekhal `dkelastcea prjùranaet k`tcvctcas tj lavadjp eu`dakr wakpjes,

tma k`tcvctcas ji tma Omke eatwjro wara kppkraetdy ejt staaral by k ektcjekd hjvarenaet

but wara `krrcal jut ce pkrkddad wctm Vkocstke–s eu`dakr wakpjes prjhrkn kel cevjdval

s`jras ji ejestkta k`tjrs“aehceaars, nkeuik`turceh `jnpkecas, trklars, brjoars, kel

eke`cars“ejea ji wmjn wara k`tceh je bamkdi ji key ektcjekd hjvarenaet kutmjrcty.

—Jppjrtuecstc`, Ptkta-Puppjrtal Eu`dakr @jnnarà„

Lurceh tma pkst la`kla, tma EPH–s aiia`tcvaeass kel `ralcbcdcty wks lcra`tdy `mkddaehal

by tma wcddceheass ji astkbdcsmal suppdcars ce tma hrjup tj brako jr bael cts hucladceas ce

tma sarvcà ji tmacr ektcjekd saùrcty kel a`jejnc` cetarasts.

Qetcd tma akrdy ;336s, wmae tma EPH astkbdcsmal tma ̀ jelctcje ji iudd-s`jpa skiahukrls

ijr trchhar dcst axpjrts kel cetrjluàl `jetrjds je lukd-usa ctans“kel ks tma eunbar

ji EPH nanbars hrklukddy ce`raksal“sjna sup-

pdcar stktas rascstal aiijrts tj ùrtkcd tmacr eu`dakr

axpjrts tj `juetrcas wctm bjtm la`dkral kel uela-

`dkral eu`dakr prjhrkns“ce pkrtcùdkr, Krhaetcek,

Brkzcd, Celck, Vkocstke, kel Pjutm Kirc`k. Ejea ji

tma suppdcar stktas, tmjuhm, jvartdy `mkddaehal jr

vcjdktal tma EPH hucladceas ce axpjrtceh ctans tj

tmasa lastcektcjes.

Pceà ;33=, mjwavar, tma EPH hucladceas mkvabaae `mkddaehal by suppdcar stktas aehkhceh ce wmkt

jea axpart `kddal —jppjrtuecstc`, stkta-suppjrtal

eu`dakr `jnnarà.„= Russck `je`dulal k pjwar

rak`tjr axpjrt lakd wctm Celck, wmc`m ct `dkcnal lcl

ejt vcjdkta tma EPH–s iudd-s`jpa skiahukrls `jelctcje ba`kusa tma trkesk`tcje wks —hrkel-

iktmaral„ by k bcdktarkd eu`dakr `jjparktcje khraanaet `je`dulal ijur yakrs baijra tma

EPH astkbdcsmal tma iudd-s`jpa skiahukrls raqucranaet ce ;332. Lurceh tma ;33= EPH



Nkro Mcbbs | 3

pdaekry naatceh, tma Qectal Ptktas jbga`tal tj tmcs krhunaet kel dktar raquastal tmkt

Russck prjvcla ljùnaetktcje tmkt cts ;3== bcdktarkd khraanaet wctm Celck spa`c`kddy

ce`dulal suppdy ji tma pjwar rak`tjrs tj Celck. Russck lcl ejt prjvcla key ljùnaetktcje,

kel tma trkesk`tcje waet ijrwkrl.3

Ce 266;, Russck axpjrtal eu`dakr iuad tj Celck ijr twj pjwar rak`tjrs dj`ktal kt \krkpur

kel cevjoal k `dkusa ce tma EPH hucladceas tmkt parncts k suppdcar tj axpjrt ctans tj k

ra`cpcaet wctmjut iudd-s`jpa skiahukrls —ce axàptcjekd `ksas wmae tmay kra laanal assae-

tckd ijr tma skia jparktcje ji axcstceh ik`cdctcas.„;6 Nkey EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets

jbga`tal tmkt tma pdkeeal axpjrt wjudl vcjdkta tma hucladceas, kel ce 266< Russck sus-

paelal iuad suppdy tj tma Celcke rak`tjrs.;; Ce 2669, wmae Russck khkce cevjoal tma skiaty

axàptcje, tmara wks dcttda jppjsctcje irjn EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets. Cestakl, tmara

wks ke cetarekd lcsùsscje kbjut mjw tma skiaty axàptcje smjudl ba cetarpratal, wctm

sjna pkrtcas, ce`dulceh Russck, krhuceh tmkt tma axàptcje `judl ba cevjoal ci k la`cscje

ejt tj suppdy tma ctans ce quastcje wjudl nake tmkt tma rak`tjr wjudl mkva tj ba smut

ljwe.;2 Russck suppdcal tma iuad tj Celck. Ce 266=, Russcke eu`dakr iuad vaeljr \YAD

scheal k $866 ncddcje `jetrk`t wctm tma Eu`dakr Vjwar @jrpjrktcje ji Celck (Ep`cd) ijr

`jetceual suppdy ji urkecun ijr tma rak`tjrs ce \krkpur.;0

\mraa yakrs akrdcar, ce 2661, tma Qectal Ptktas kel Celck mkl keejueàl tmkt tmay

wjudl eahjtckta ke khraanaet ijr pakàiud eu`dakr `jjparktcje tmkt, tj parnct aetry cetj

ijrà, wjudl raqucra tma EPH tj nkoa ke axàptcje tj tma `jelctcje tmkt axpjrt ji trch-

har dcst ctans tj kdd stktas axàpt tma EV\–s va eu`dakr wakpje pjwars raqucras iudd-s`jpa

skiahukrls. Xmae tma Q.P.-Celck bcdktarkd khraanaet wks rst `jeàcval, Q.P. ji`ckds

mkl `jesclaral prasaetceh tma EPH wctm k dcst ji prjpjsal `rctarck tmkt nchmt sarva ks tma

bkscs ijr kwkrlceh Celck ke axàptcje tj tma EPH raqucranaet ijr iudd-s`jpa skiahukrls.

\wj jtmar stktas jutscla tma EV\ wctm eu`dakr krsaekds, Csrkad kel Vkocstke, kt tmkt tcnaprassal tma Qectal Ptktas tj suppjrt tmacr aiijrts tj jbtkce k scncdkr wkcvar irjn EPH

trkla rastrc`tcjes je tma bkscs ji spa`c` `rctarck.;<

\ma Qectal Ptktas, Russck, kel Irkeà, kdd ji wmc`m sjuhmt tj axpjrt eu`dakr aqucpnaet

tj Celck, jppjsal prjvclceh axàptcjes ijr Csrkad kel Vkocstke. Cestakl, tmay krhual tmkt

k uecqua axàptcje smjudl ba nkla ijr Celck wctmjut raiaraeà tj `rctarck. Ce Paptanbar

266=, tma EPH hrketal tmkt axàptcje ijr Celck by ̀ jesaesus, kel Celck nky ejw cnpjrt

`jetrjddal ctans irjn EPH suppdcar stktas.

K @mkehceh Hdjbkd Eu`dakr \rkla Aevcrjenaet

\ma EPH mks kdsj baae `mkddaehal lurceh tma dkst la`kla by k trkesijrnktcje ce tma`jelu`t ji cetarektcjekd eu`dakr trkla.

Pceà tma haeascs ji bjtm nudtcdktarkd eu`dakr axpjrt `jetrjd krrkehanaets (tma EPH

kel tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa), tma trchhar dcst mks baae subga`t tj `jesclarkbda njlc`k-

tcje, aemkeànaet, kel aedkrhanaet. \mcs wks eaàssctktal by tma su`àss ji prjdciark-

tjrs ce axpdjctceh djjpmjdas ce tma hucladceas. Ce sjna `ksas, `juetrcas cnpjrtal pkrtckddy

nkeuik`tural ctans je tma dcst, ks wadd ks nktarckds kel aqucpnaet tmkt lcl ejt pra`csady

`jeijrn tj tma ta`mec`kd spa`c`ktcjes je tma dcst but `ke ejeatmadass ba usal ijr eu`dakr



;6 | \ma Iutura ji tma Eu`dakr Puppdcars Hrjup

wakpjes lavadjpnaet. \may kdsj cnpjrtal lukd-usa aqucpnaet tmkt `judl ba usal tj

prjluà tma `jetrjddal ctans tmay sjuhmt.

Ce 266<, tma EPH ce`dulal ce cts hucladceas k —`kt`m-kdd„ ruda urhceh pkrtc`cpktceh

stktas —tj prjvcla k ektcjekd dahkd bkscs tj ̀ jetrjd tma axpjrt ji eu`dakr radktal ctans wmc`m

kra ejt je tma ̀ jetrjd dcsts, wmae su`m ctans kra jr nky ba cetaelal tj ba usal ijr eu`dakr

wakpjes prjhrkns.„;1 Pjna EPH stktas mkl ce`dulal ̀ kt`m-kdd prjvcscjes ce tmacr ektcjekd

axpjrt `jetrjd dkws sceà tma ncl-;336s. Ce k iaw `ksas tma `kt`m-kdd prjvcscjes parncttal

ektcjekd kutmjrctcas tj mkdt spa`c` axpjrts tj tma Omke eatwjro lurceh tma dkta ;336s

kel ks dkta ks 2662, but ce jtmar `ksas tmay ikcdal tj mkdt trkesk`tcjes ba`kusa latarnceal

axpjrtars wara prapkral tj vcjdkta ektcjekd axpjrt `jetrjd dkws.;9 Pjna ji`ckds pkrtc`c-

pktceh ce EPH ladcbarktcjes mkva skcl tmkt tma `kt`m-kdd na`mkecsn wks anbrkàl by

tma EPH ks k stjp-hkp naksura ce vcaw ji tma dkrha vjduna ji uedcstal aqucpnaet tmkt

prjùranaet khaets mkl suppdcal tj eu`dakr prjhrkns ce Dcbyk, Crke, Ejrtm Ojrak, kel

Vkocstke lurceh tma la`kla prcjr tj 266<.

Xmae tma EPH wks ijuelal, eakrdy kdd cetarektcjekd eu`dakr trkla cevjdval pjcet-tj-

pjcet trkesk`tcjes ce wmc`m saddars smcppal ctans tj spa`cal ael usars. Pceà tma ;3=6s,

mjwavar, prjdciarktjrs mkva ce`rakscehdy trkessmcppal hjjls tj tmacr ekd lastcektcjes vck

cetarnalckta dj`ktcjes ce `juetrcas wctm wako jr ejeaxcstaet axpjrt `jetrjd systans, kel

tmay mkva usal trkla brjoars tj jrhkecza `jnpdax trkesk`tcjes tmkt kra lciùdt ijr axpjrt

`jetrjd kutmjrctcas tj lata`t kel cetarlc`t. \masa trkesk`tcjes kra jitae jrhkeczal tj mkva

nudtcpda cetarnalckry lastcektcjes `kddal —turetkbdas„ kel `jnpdax pkynaet s`manas.;8

\ma Omke eatwjro iraquaetdy usal tma Qectal Krkb Ancrktas kel Nkdkysck ks turetkbdas,

but tma ra`jrls ji ektcjekd axpjrt `jetrjd kutmjrctcas `ctal ce sjna AQ stktas– cevastchk-

tcjes ji tma Omke eatwjro suhhast tmkt trkla radcal je parmkps tmraa ljzae cetarnalc-

kry smcppceh pjcets wjrdlwcla tj njva hjjls tj tmacr ekd lastcektcjes.;= Ce tmcs wky,ijr axknpda, Ejrtm Ojrak nky mkva aiia`tcvady lcshucsal ksscstkeà tj Pyrck radktal tj

`jestru`tcje ji k `dkelastcea pdutjecun prjlu`tcje rak`tjr batwaae ;338 kel 2669.

Nkdkysck kel Pjutm Kirc`k, irjn kbjut ;33= tmrjuhm 2660, sarval ks nkeuik`turceh ̀ ae-

tars ijr urkecun aerc`mnaet‐radktal aqucpnaet udtcnktady lastceal ijr Dcbyk kel Crke.

Pjna ji tma njst ahrahcjus prjdciarktcje trkesk`tcjes `krrcal jut by tma Omke eat-

wjro lcl ejt cevjdva aqucpnaet jr eu`dakr nktarckds but ta`mejdjhy. Ektcjekd kutmjrctcas

cevastchktceh tma Omke eatwjro lcs`jvaral tmkt lasche ceijrnktcje ce`jrpjrktal cetj

bduaprcets, jrchcekddy stjdae irjn astkbdcsmal eu`dakr prjhrkns ce suppdcar stktas, mkl baae

`jpcal jetj `jnputar lrcvas. Mchmdy saesctcva ceijrnktcje mks baae trkesncttal ce sjna

`ksas vck tma Cetareat kel stjral je `jnpk`t lcsos. Ce 2661, tma kutmjr ji tmcs rapjrtjbtkceal stjdae lasche ceijrnktcje ijr hks àetrciuha urkecun aerc`mnaet tmkt mkl baae

pmjtj`jpcal kel nky mkva baae ada`trjec`kddy trkesncttal tj uekutmjrczal tmcrl pkrtcas.

Vrjdciarktjrs– ce`raksceh radckeà je `jnpdax trkesk`tcjes cevjdvceh pkrtc`cpkets jut-

scla astkbdcsmal suppdcar stktas cs k hraktar `mkddaeha ijr tma EPH tmke avar baijra ba`kusa

hdjbkd axpa`tktcjes kbjut tma iutura ji eu`dakr pjwar kra ̀ mkehceh. Kitar yakrs ji stkheket

hrjwtm ce `kpk`cty axpkescje, nkey `juetrcas tmkt ùrraetdy haearkta eu`dakr ada`trc`cty

ejw pdke tj schec`ketdy axpkel tmacr eu`dakr ceirkstru`tura, kel `juetrcas tmkt sj ikr

mkva ejt lavadjpal eu`dakr ta`mejdjhy kssats kra pdkeeceh je lapdjyceh pjwar rak`tjrs ce



Nkro Mcbbs | ;;

Pjna `juetrcas ejw cevastceh ce

eu`dakr aearhy ceirkstru`tura, kel ce

pjssasscje ji k sui`caet celustrckd bksa,

wcdd tmansadvas ba`jna suppdcars kel

axpjrtars ji eu`dakr nktarckd ks wadd ks

trchhar dcst kel lukd-usa aqucpnaet.

`jnceh yakrs. Nkey kra lavadjpceh `juetrcas tmkt kra ejt pkrtc`cpktceh ce EPH jutrak`m

k`tcvctcas.;3 Pjna `juetrcas ejw cevastceh ce eu`dakr aearhy ceirkstru`tura, kel ce pjssas-

scje ji k sui`caet celustrckd bksa, wcdd tmansadvas

ba`jna suppdcars kel axpjrtars ji eu`dakr nktarckd

ks wadd ks trchhar dcst kel lukd-usa aqucpnaet.

@mcek, k eu`dakr wakpje stkta sceà ;39<, sat

up k eu`dakr pjwar ceirkstru`tura vary hrklukddy

bahceeceh ce tma ;3=6s tmrjuhm tma ael ji tma ;336s.

Pceà tmae, @mcek mks lrknktc`kddy k`àdarktal cts

eu`dakr pjwar lavadjpnaet. @mcek ejw jparktas

ijurtaae eu`dakr pjwar rak`tjrs kel nky mkva ks

nkey ks 81 uects jedcea by 2626, kel cts eu`dakr

bucdlup wcdd cevjdva parmkps savarkd muelral

aetarprcsas pkrtc`cpktceh ce eu`dakr `jestru`tcje,

aqucpnaet nkeuik`tura, kel tma aehceaarceh sarvcàs sa`tjr, wmcda @mceasa jvarschmt ji

`jnnar`ckd eu`dakr k`tcvctcas, ce`dulceh cts axpjrt sa`tjr, nky ba `jnpkrktcvady wako.

Celck, iraal irjn njst EPH trkla ske`tcjes ce 266=, ejw mkrbjrs scncdkr knbctcjes.

Ce dkta 26;6, Celck bahke jparktceh cts twaetcatm pjwar rak`tjr, brcehceh cts tjtkd cestkddal

haearktceh `kpk`cty tj kbjut 1 HX 26? Celcke celustry kcns tj ce`raksa tmkt `kpk`cty tj ks

nu`m ks 90 HX by 2602. Kbjut twj-tmcrls ji tmcs `kpk`cty axpkescje wjudl ba `jetrcb-

utal by prjga`ts wctm ijrache suppdcars nkla pjsscbda by tma EPH axàptcje ijr Celck.2;

\ma Rcsa ji Cetarektcjekd Eu`dakr Aqucty Cssuas

\ma EPH wks ijuelal by savae suppdcar stktas tmkt wara `jevceàl tmkt tma EV\–s skia-

hukrls prjvcscjes wjudl ejt aiia`tcvady pravaet prjdciarktjrs irjn jbtkceceh nktarckds

kel aqucpnaet ijr eu`dakr wakpjes prjhrkns. But tma EPH cnpjsal ej kllctcjekd trkla

rastrc`tcjes batwaae ;38= kel ;332. Kitar tma rst Hudi Xkr ravakdal tmkt ijr njra tmke

k la`kla Crkq mkl spaet savarkd bcddcje Q.P. ljddkrs je k `dkelastcea eu`dakr wakpjes prj-

hrkn tmkt mkl baae mcllae irjn tma CKAK, tma EPH bahke tj rkt`mat up tma s`jpa ji cts

trkla `jetrjds, bahceeceh wctm tma lukd-usa dcst kel kllctcjekd trchhar dcst ctans tmkt mkl

hural ce Crkq–s eu`dakr wakpjes quast.

Pceà cts ceàptcje, tma EPH, tmrjuhm cts k`tcjes, mks prjnptal k`ùsktcjes irjn

lavadjpceh `juetrcas tmkt ct cs k `krtad ji ta`mejdjhy mjdlars kcnceh tj pravaet jtmars

irjn jbtkceceh eu`dakr ta`mejdjhy, socdds, kel ceirkstru`tura. \masa `dkcns mkva strjehdy

flkvjral EPH lcpdjnk`y ce raàet yakrs. Lurceh tma ;3=6s, tmay cemcbctal tma EPH irjniurtmar lavadjpceh kel axpkelceh tma s`jpa ji cts trkla `jetrjds.

Nu`m ji tmcs `rctc`csn mks baae `mkeeadal cetj tma EV\ ravcaw `jeiaraeà prjàss,

lurceh wmc`m sjna stktas mkva jbga`tal tmkt tma EPH–s k`tcvctcas axàal wmkt cs `kddal ijr

uelar EV\ Krtc`da CCC.2. Lurceh tma ;331 EV\ Ravcaw kel Axtaescje @jeiaraeà, pjsc-

tcva raiaraeàs tj tma wjro ji tma EPH wara ejt klncttal tj tma ra`jrl ji tma `jeiaraeà,

kel tma EPH wks ̀ rctc`czal ijr dkò ji trkespkrae`y by sjna nanbars ji tma Eje-Kdcheal

Njvanaet (EKN). EKN `rctc`s, dal by Crke, trcal but ikcdal tj astkbdcsm ks k haearkd

prce`cpda tmkt tma CKAK kdjea smjudl krbctrkta `jnpdckeà wctm EV\ Krtc`da CCC.2.22




Lurceh tma ;338 EPH jutrak`m sancekr ce Ycaeek, suppdcar stktas trcal tj `jevceà

jtmars tmkt tma EPH wks ejt naket tj laey lavadjpceh `juetrcas k`àss tj trkla kel tmkt

tmara kra —ej sa`rat khraanaets„ knjeh EPH nanbars tj tmkt aiia`t, —kel ej sa`rat dcst

ji bkl huy `juetrcas.„20 Pjna lavadjpceh `juetrcas jbga`tal lurceh tma naatceh tmkt tma

EPH hucladceas wara krbctrkrcdy cetarpratal by suppdcars tj laey axpjrts. Puppdcar stkta

ji`ckds jiiaral tma rairkce tmkt eakrdy kdd axpjrt dcàesa kppdc`ktcjes subncttal tj EPH-

pkrtc`cpktceh stktas kra kpprjval. Crke jbga`tal tmkt —vcrtukddy kdd tma laeckds kra tj stktas

jutscla tma EPH.„2<

Crke, suppjrtal by EKN stktas, ce`rakscehdy jbga`tal tj cetariaraeà ce cts eu`dakr

lavadjpnaet bahceeceh ce 2660, wmae cts skiahukrls `jnpdckeà ba`kna subga`t tj

ravcaw by tma CKAK bjkrl ji hjvarejrs, kel EKN jbga`tcjes wara nkhecal by tma

`jetrcbutcje ji tma Qectal Ptktas kel sjna jtmar suppdcar stktas tj tma ikc dura ji tma EV\

Ravcaw @jeiaraeà ce 2661. Jea jbsarvar ji tmkt avaet skcl, —Ijr tma Qectal Ptktas, tma

ijùs ji ejeprjdciarktcje _wks kt tma tcna ji tma Ravcaw @jeiaraeà^ jutscla tma _EV\^7

Ct rasts wctm tma EPH, tma Vrjdciarktcje Paùrcty Cectcktcva (VPC), QEP@ Rasjdutcje ;1<6,

tma H= Hdjbkd Vkrtearsmcp, kel cts jwe ncdctkry `juetarprjdciarktcje.„21

Q.P. Vrasclaet Bkrkò Jbknk–s vjws tj ra`jnnct tma Qectal Ptktas tj nudtcdktarkd

lcpdjnk`y bahceeceh ce 2663 `jetrcbutal tj tma jut`jna tmkt tma 26;6 EV\ Ravcaw

@jeiaraeà lcl ejt rue khrjuel je Ejrtm-Pjutm pjdkrczktcje. \ma `jesaesus K`tcje

Vdke rasudtceh irjn tmkt `jeiaraeà ce`dulal K`tcje 09, wmc`m ae`jurkhal stkta pkrtcas

—tj nkoa usa ji nudtcdktarkddy eahjtcktal kel khraal hucladceas kel uelarstkelcehs ce

lavadjpceh tmacr jwe ektcjekd axpjrt `jetrjds.„ Jtmar k`tcjes je tma dcst strassal tmkt

stktas– rchmts tj eu`dakr `jnnarà wara subga`t tj Krtc`das C‐CCC ks wadd ks Krtc`da CY.

K`tcje 16, mjwavar, urhal ta`mejdjhy mjdlars tj —hcva praiaraetckd traktnaet„ tj EV\

eje‐eu`dakr wakpje stktas kel lavadjpceh `juetrcas.29 Ks mkl baae pralc`tal, ba`kusankey EV\ eje‐eu`dakr wakpje stktas wara mchmdy `rctc`kd ji tma EPH–s axàptcje la`c-

scje ijr Celck ce 266=, tma EPH wks ejt `ctal ce K`tcje 09 ks k njlad raiaraeà ijr tma

lavadjpnaet ji ektcjekd axpjrt `jetrjds.



;0

Ppa`c` @urraet kel Iutura@mkddaehas Ik`ceh tma EPH

Lcs`cpdcea kel @ralcbcdcty7 \ma EPH kel@mcek–s Eu`dakr \rkla Xctm Vkocstke

\mraa yakrs kitar tma EPH dcital njst trkla ske`tcjes khkcest Celck, ct kppakrs tmkt k eaw

axàptcje tj tmcs raqucranaet cs ce tma nkoceh, ks @mcek pdkes tj axpjrt kt dakst twj pjwar

rak`tjrs tj Vkocstke, k stkta tmkt, dcoa Celck, cs eu`dakr-krnal kel jutscla tma EV\.

Lurceh cts rst tmraa la`klas, tma EPH mkl quklrupdal cts nanbarsmcp tj anbrkà

eakrdy kdd eu`dakr suppdcar stktas. Xmy ct lcl tmcs cs axanpdcal by tma `ksa ji @mcek.

Ijr nkey yakrs kitar @mcek gjceal tma rkeos ji tma wjrdl–s eu`dakr-krnal stktas, ct

ksscstal bjtm `cvcd kel ncdctkry eu`dakr prjhrkns ce Vkocstke kel prjvclal ksscstkeà

tj sjna jtmar uela`dkral eu`dakr prjga`ts, ejtkbdyce Kdharck. Lurceh tma ;336s, mjwavar, ce pkrkd-

dad wctm cts la`cscje tj axpkel cts `cvcdcke eu`dakr

`jjparktcje wctm tma Qectal Ptktas kel jtmar sup-

pdcar `juetrcas, @mcek àksal ji`ckd ksscstkeà tj

Vkocstke–s ueskiahukrlal eu`dakr prjhrkn kel

gjceal tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa. @mcek lcl `je-

tceua tj axpjrt eu`dakr nktarckd kel aqucpnaet tj

Vkocstke–s `cvcd eu`dakr prjhrkn je tma bkscs tmkt

celcvclukd axpjrts `jnpdy wctm tma skiahukrls raqucranaets ji tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa

trchhar dcst. Ce 266<, @mcek gjceal tma EPH, wmc`m raqucral uelar Vkrkhrkpm < ji cts

hucladceas ijr trchhar dcst ctans tmkt key axpjrts by @mcek uelar eaw suppdy krrkehanaets

batwaae @mcek kel eje‐eu`dakr wakpje stktas ba `jelctcjeal je iudd-s`jpa skiahukrls

ce tma ra`cpcaet stkta.

Ba`kusa ji @mcek–s ra`jrl ji pravcjus ksscstkeà tj Vkocstke–s uela`dkral eu`dakr prj-

hrkn, tma prjspa`t ji @mcek gjceceh tma EPH uesattdal sjna eu`dakr trkla axparts. But

klvj`ktas ji @mceasa pkrtc`cpktcje krhual tmkt tma ce`duscje ji tma dkst ji tma V-1 `jue-

trcas cetj tma nudtcdktarkd eu`dakr axpjrt `jetrjd krrkehanaets nkla ct njra dcoady tmkt

Lurceh cts rst tmraa la`klas, tma EPH mkl

quklrupdal cts nanbarsmcp tj anbrkà

eakrdy kdd eu`dakr suppdcar stktas.



;< | \ma Iutura ji tma Eu`dakr Puppdcars Hrjup

tma vatj pjwars ce tma Qectal Ektcjes Paùrcty @jue`cd (QEP@) wjudl tmaeàijrtm

`jjparkta ce stannceh tma sprakl ji eu`dakr wakpjes, kel tmkt @mcek wjudl tarncekta

kdd eu`dakr ksscstkeà tj Vkocstke.

@mcek mks ksscstal Vkocstke–s eu`dakr prjhrkn irjn cts ceàptcje ce tma ;386s. Ct `je-

`dulal skdas ji twj pjwar rak`tjrs tj Vkocstke baijra @mcek gjceal tma EPH ce 266<,

kel ct nky mkva baae `jesclarceh kllctcjekd pjwar rak`tjr axpjrts tj Vkocstke wmae tma

Qectal Ptktas kel Celck keejueàl pdkes ijr bcdktarkd `cvcdcke eu`dakr `jjparktcje ce

2661. Ci sj, @mcek lcl ejt nkoa tmkt la`cscje oejwe. Ce 266<, @mcek spaddal jut tj tma

EPH tmkt ct cetaelal tj `jetceua `cvcdcke eu`dakr `jjparktcje wctm Vkocstke uelar tma

tarns ji k ;33; bcdktarkd eu`dakr ̀ jjparktcje khraanaet. @mcek ceijrnal tma EPH tmkt ct

pdkeeal tj suppdy iuad kel sarvcàs ijr tma @mksmnk-; kel -2 pjwar rak`tjrs axpjrtal tj

Vkocstke baijra 266<, but ce jutdceceh tma s`jpa ji cts ketc`cpktal iutura eu`dakr `jjpark-

tcje wctm Vkocstke, @mcek lcl ejt lcs`djsa tmkt ct pdkeeal tj axpjrt key kllctcjekd pjwar

rak`tjrs tj tmkt `juetry.28

Ce 2669, Vkocstkec kel Xastare nalck bahke rapjrtceh tmkt @mcek kel Vkocstke wara

pdkeeceh njra @mceasa pjwar rak`tjr axpjrts tj tma @mksmnk scta.2= Q.P. ji`ckds tmae

vjwal tmkt tma EPH wjudl ejt prjvcla ke axàptcje tj hucladceas ijr Vkocstke parnct-

tceh tmcs tj mkppae.23

Ce Ejvanbar 2669, je j``kscje ji ke ji`ckd stkta vcsct tj Vkocstke by @mceasa

Vrasclaet Mu Gcetkj, k saecjr Vkocstkec ji`ckd tjdl tmcs kutmjr tmkt Vkocstke prassal

@mcek tj khraa tj tma skda ji njra rak`tjrs, but tmkt Bacgceh wks ejt ce`dceal tj lj sj uetcd

ct wks `jelaet tmkt bjtm tma Qectal Ptktas kel Celck wjudl jbtkce raqucral kpprjvkd

ijr tma prjga`tal Q.P.-Celck eu`dakr lakd irjn dkwnkoars ce Xksmcehtje kel Eaw Ladmc,

kel tmkt bjtm tma CKAK bjkrl ji hjvarejrs kel tma EPH wjudl dcoawcsa parnct tma Q.P.-

Celck lakd tj aetar cetj ijrà.06 \mkt axpdkektcje ijr @mceasa ji`ckd scdaeà je tma nkt-tar kppakrs `jescstaet wctm tma `jetaets ji k dakoal lcpdjnktc` `kbda irjn Paptanbar ;,

2669, wmc`m stktas tmkt @mcek mkl ejt `jernal Vkocstkec nalck rapjrts `dkcnceh tmkt

Bacgceh mkl khraal tj axpjrt njra rak`tjrs. K``jrlceh tj tma `kbda, Bacgceh spaddal jut

tmkt —@mcek wcdd strc`tdy klmara tj cts cetarektcjekd jbdchktcjes ks k nanbar ji tma EPH.„0;

Ce akrdy 26;6, ct wks `jernal tmkt @mcek cetaelal tj axpjrt twj eaw rak`tjrs tj

Vkocstke ks @mksmnk-0 kel -<.02 EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets kt tma Guea 26;6 pda-

ekry naatceh raquastal k `dkrc`ktcje irjn @mcek, kel ce Ejvanbar @mcek cssual k

stktanaet tj tma hrjup celc`ktceh tmkt ct cetaelal tj axpjrt tma twj rak`tjrs, kllceh

tmkt tma axpjrts wara hrkeliktmaral uelar Bacgceh–s prcjr bcdktarkd eu`dakr trkla pk`t wctm

Vkocstke.00

Ce pkrkddad, @mcek kel Vkocstke nkla krrkehanaets ijr tma CKAK tj skiahukrltwj njra rak`tjrs ce Vkocstke uelar axcstceh skiahukrls krrkehanaets batwaae Vkocstke

kel tma CKAK `jvarceh @mksmnk-; kel -2.0< K``jrlceh tj ceijrnktcje hcvae by Vkocstkec

ji`ckds tmcs pkst Kprcd, Vkocstke mkl bahue ax`kvktcje wjro kt tma scta, ks wadd ks pjurceh

tma `je`rata ijuelktcje ijr tma rst ji tma twj rak`tjrs.01

Pceà akrdy 26;6, tmara mks baae ej uekecncty knjeh EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh stktas kbjut

mjw tj prjàal ce raspjesa tj @mcek–s pdkes ijr eaw rak`tjr axpjrts tj Vkocstke.



Nkro Mcbbs | ;1

Bahceeceh ce akrdy 26;6 tma Qectal Ptktas axprassal tma pjsctcje tmkt, bksal je tma

ceijrnktcje prjvclal by @mcek ce 266<, @mcek `judl ejt hrkeliktmar tma trkesk`tcje. 09

But ji`ckds irjn sjna EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets cestakl `jesclaral tmkt hrkelik-

tmarceh ji tma axpjrt wjudl ba tma njst axpalcaet sjdutcje tj tma lcdannk, sceà eunar-

jus EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets mkl baae axpjsal tj lcpdjnktc` prassura by tma

Qectal Ptktas kel Celck tj kpprjva tma axàptcje kwkrlal tj Celck ce 266=? tmay lcl ejt

wket tj rapakt tmkt axparcaeà wctm @mcek.08

\ma EPH kel @mcek–s Eu`dakr \rkla Xctm Vkocstke

Ijddjwceh lcsùsscjes wctm pkrtc`cpkets kt tma @kreahca Brussads sancekr, ct wjudl kppakr tmkt tma

ijddjwceh jptcjes kra kvkcdkbda tj tma EPH ce raspjelceh tj @mcek–s rasjdva tj axpjrt kllctcjekd

rak`tjrs tj Vkocstke7

• EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets `judl tk`ctdy parnct @mcek tj axpjrt tma rak`tjrs wctmjut

key lcsùsscje jr `mkddaeha.

• Kbsaet ljùnaetkry vkdclktcje by @mcek ji tma hrkeliktmarceh ji tma axpjrt, EPH-pkrtc`-

cpktceh hjvarenaets `judl ra`jrl jbga`tcjes tmkt tma axpjrt wjudl vcjdkta tma hucladceas

but tkoa ej iurtmar k`tcjes.

• \may `judl axpdc`ctdy khraa tmkt @mcek nky axpjrt tma rak`tjrs wctmjut vcjdktceh tma hucla-

dceas je tma bkscs tmkt @mcek–s prcjr krrkehanaets wctm Vkocstke parnct tma trkesk`tcje tj

ba hrkeliktmaral.

• \may `judl eahjtckta ke khraanaet wctm @mcek tmkt parncts tma axpjrt (la ik`tj hrkelik-

tmarceh) but tmkt `jnncts @mcek tj ladcvarceh ejeprjdciarktcje baeats, ce`dulceh k bke je

iutura rak`tjr axpjrts.

• Puppdcars `judl jbga`t tj hrkeliktmarceh kel rasjdva tmkt @mcek nust raàcva ke axàptcje

tj tma hucladceas tj axpjrt tma rak`tjrs.

• Puppdcars `judl urha @mcek tj suspael cts axpjrt tj eahjtckta `rctarck tmkt Vkocstke nust

naat tj qukdciy tj raàcva eaw rak`tjrs irjn @mcek.

\mara cs ùrraetdy ej `jesaesus ce tma EPH je mjw tj prjàal. K la`cscje by tma EPH smjudl

rafla`t k `kraiuddy `jesclaral kssassnaet ji tma lknkha tj tma axpjrt `jetrjd rahcna kel tma

EPH–s `ralcbcdcty ijr ak`m jptcje. \ma EPH `mkcrnke `judl `jnncsscje ke cetarekd lcsùsscje pk-

par tj `jesclar tma kvkcdkbda jptcjes? kdtarektcvady, jea jr njra EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets

`judl celapaelaetdy stuly tma nkttar kel rapjrt tma rasudts tj tma `mkcrnke, kitar `jesudtktcjes

wctm stktas jutscla tma hrjup.

Lcs`cpdcea-Radktal Cssuas

• \ma EPH smjudl try tj `dkrciy knjeh pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets mjw hrkeliktmarceh kel

skiaty axàptcje prjvcscjes ce tma hucladceas kra tj ba cetarpratal kel kppdcal.

• \ma EPH smjudl `jelu`t k lcsùsscje je mjw tj bast ae`jurkha strc`t klmaraeà ji pkrtc`c-

pktceh stktas kel jutrak`m `juetrcas tj EPH hucladceas.




Kt tma EPH pdaekry naatceh madl ce Guea 26;;, tma nkttar rankceal uerasjdval. Ks

ce 26;6, EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets raquastal kllctcjekd ceijrnktcje irjn @mcek

tj axpdkce cts pdkeeal axpjrt tj Vkocstke kel, ce pkrtcùdkr, tj prjvcla ljùnaetktcje

tmkt tma trkesk`tcje wks `kddal ijr uelar tma ;33; Pcej-Vkocstkec eu`dakr trkla pk`t.

K``jrlceh tj ji`ckds irjn EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets, tma EPH mkl khraal by

`jesaesus ce 2669, ce raspjesa tj Russck–s `mkddaeha tj tma EPH hucladceas jvar cts iuad

axpjrt tj Celck, tmkt key iutura `dkcns by k pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaet tmkt spa`c` axpjrts

smjudl ba hrkeliktmaral smjudl ba ljùnaetal by avclaeà su`m ks ̀ jnnar`ckd ̀ jetrk`ts

wctm khae`cas ce tma cetaelal ra`cpcaet stkta.0= @mcek sj ikr mks ejt prjvclal key su`m

ljùnaetktcje tj vkdclkta cts kssartcje tmkt tma axpjrt ji tma eaw rak`tjrs wks `kddal ijr

by cts pravcjus krrkehanaet wctm Vkocstke. Xctmjut su`m ljùnaetktcje, k``jrlceh tj

EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaet ji`ckds, tma axpjrt ji @mksmnk-0 kel -< by @mcek nust

ba `jesclaral k eaw suppdy krrkehanaet raqucrceh Vkocstke tj `jnnct tj iudd-s`jpa skia-

hukrls ks k `jelctcje ijr tma trkesk`tcje.

Ce ncl-26;;, @mcek ceijrnal EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets tmkt ct mkl, ce 266<,

tjdl tma CKAK ji cts cetaelal iutura axpjrts ji pjwar rak`tjrs tj Vkocstke wmae ct prj-

vclal ke axpkelal la`dkrktcje ji cts eu`dakr k`tcvctcas uelar tma Kllctcjekd Vrjtj`jd.03

Ba`kusa tma `jnnuec`ktcjes batwaae tma CKAK kel nanbar stktas `jeàreceh cnpda-

naetktcje ji tma Kllctcjekd Vrjtj`jd kra `jelaetckd, @mceasa stktanaets kbjut tma `je-

taet ji cts la`dkrktcjes tj tma CKAK uelar tma Kllctcjekd Vrjtj`jd `keejt ba `jernal

tj tmcrl pkrtcas by tma CKAK.

Kt tma @kreahca wjrosmjp, sjna pkrtc`cpkets ra`kddal tmkt, sj ikr, aiijrts by suppdcar

stktas sceà 26;6 tj parsukla @mcek ejt tj axpjrt tma rak`tjrs tj Vkocstke mkl ikcdal.

\masa aiijrts ce`dulal k prjpjskd tmkt tma EPH khraa tj parnct tma axpjrts tj ba hrkel-

iktmaral ce ax`mkeha ijr @mcek parsuklceh cts kddy Vkocstke tj kbkelje cts jppjsctcje tjtma eahjtcktcje ji k Icsscda Nktarckd @ut-Jii \rakty kt tma @jeiaraeà je Lcskrnknaet.

K iaw wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpkets pralc`tal tmkt tma rasjdva axprassal by tma Qectal Ptktas

bahceeceh ce 26;6 tj parsukla @mcek tj saao k ijrnkd axàptcje ijr Vkocstke tj tma

EPH iudd-s`jpa skiahukrls `jelctcje ce tma hucladceas wjudl dcoawcsa ejt su`àal. Pjna

EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets wjudl ejt gjce su`m ke cectcktcva, tmay skcl, sceà tmasa

stktas ketc`cpkta tmkt tmay wjudl ba subga`t tj bcdktarkd prassura irjn @mcek tj qucòdy

khraa tj ke axàptcje ijr Vkocstke. Pjna pkrtc`cpkets ce tma wjrosmjp kdsj skcl tmkt

@mcek badcavas tmkt jtmar suppdcars ce tma EPH mkva ej cetarast ce pusmceh tma cssua tj

tma brceo ce vcaw ji tma hrjup–s `dakr uelarstkelceh tmkt klmaraeà tj tma EPH hucla-

dceas cs vjduetkry. Pjna pkrtc`cpkets skcl tmkt tma knjuet ji `jnpdax eahjtcktcje tmkt wjudl ba raqucral tj rak`m k `jesaesus knjeh tma EPH–s <9 suppdcars je `rctarck ijr ke

axàptcje ijr Vkocstke wjudl ejt ba wjrtm tma `jnpkrktcvady dcnctal baeat ji mkdtceh

k snkdd knjuet ji Pcej-Vkocstkec eu`dakr trkla ce vcjdktcje ji tma hucladceas, pkrtcù-

dkrdy ba`kusa Vkocstke–s latarcjrktceh pjdctc`kd kel a`jejnc` sctuktcje nchmt pravaet tma

@mceasa axpjrt irjn nktarckdczceh.

Jea Xastare hjvarenaet ji`ckd skcl tmkt @mcek nky ba uewcddceh tj khraa tj key

ceàetcvas tj laiar eu`dakr `jnnarà wctm Vkocstke ci tmara cs k bcdktarkd uelarstkel-

ceh batwaae Vkocstke kel @mcek tmkt, ce ax`mkeha ijr eu`dakr `jjparktcje irjn @mcek,



Nkro Mcbbs | ;8

Vkocstke wcdd prjvcla @mcek strktahc` baeats laanal mchmdy vkdukbda by Bacgceh, su`m ks

iraaljn tj lavadjp kel usa pjrt ik`cdctcas je tma Krkbcke Pak.<6

Nkey wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpkets quarcal jr axprassal k vcaw je tma nkttar, yat, kòejwd-

alhal tmkt ci @mcek hjas tmrjuhm wctm tma axpjrt ji tma twj rak`tjrs tj Vkocstke wctmjut

lanjestrktceh tmkt tma trkla cs dahctcnktady hrkeliktmaral, tma EPH–s `ralcbcdcty wcdd ba

lknkhal.

\ma EPH–s Radktcjesmcp Xctm tma EV\ keltma [uastcje ji Iutura Nanbarsmcp

Mjw tma EPH raspjels tj tma @mceasa `mkddaeha smjudl ba ceijrnal by cts `jesclarktcje

ji twj brjklar cssuas tmkt mkva `jna tj tma ijra ks k `jesaquaeà ji tma la`cscje by tma

EPH ce 266= tj hrket tma axàptcje tj Celck7 mjw tj nkekha tma EPH–s radktcjesmcp

wctm stktas jutscla tma krrkehanaet“ce`dulceh tmjsa wctmjut `jnpramaescva skiahukrlskhraanaets“kel mjw tma EPH laeas ctsadi wctm raspa`t tj tma EV\. \ma EPH–s axparc-

aeà ce ce`jrpjrktceh @mcek cetj tma hrjup smjudl ba `jesclaral ce key iutura axpkescje

ji tma EPH bayjel tma prasaet pkrtc`cpktcje ji <9 hjvarenaets.

Xcdd tma EV\ ce tma iutura sarva ks k iuelknaetkd ejrn kel pjcet ji raiaraeà ijr

tma EPH–s trkla rudas: Kt tma @kreahca wjrosmjp, ej `dakr `jesaesus wks axprassal je

tmcs quastcje, but ct wks kppkraet tj nkey pkrtc`cpkets tmkt tma Celck axàptcje tj tma

iudd-s`jpa skiahukrls raqucranaet mkl raelaral k lcsùsscje ji tmkt cssua by tma EPH–s

pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets tcnady kel assaetckd.

Ce Paptanbar 266=, @mcek gjceal tma `jesaesus la`cscje ji EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjv-

arenaets tj hrket Celck tma axàptcje irjn tma iudd-s`jpa skiahukrls raqucranaet. Celadcbarktcjes baijra tmkt la`cscje wks nkla, @mcek mkl urhal tma hrjup tj kllrass Celck–s

raquast ijr tma axàptcje ce k ejelcs`rcncektceh

nkeear, cnpdyceh, ce tma vcaw ji sjna pkrtc`cpkt-

ceh hjvarenaets, tmkt Csrkad kel Vkocstke smjudl

kdsj ba `jesclaral ks pjsscbdy adchcbda tj trkla wctm

EPH suppdcars.

CKAK Lcra`tjr Haearkd Njmknnal AdBkrklac

mks jpaedy aeljrsal tma Q.P.-Celck lakd sceà

2669.<; Ce bcdktarkd naatcehs wctm CKAK nanbar

stktas, AdBkrklac kdsj axprassal tma vcaw tmkt, ce

tma sjnawmkt djehar tarn, ce tma cetarast ji eje-

lcs`rcncektcje, bjtm Csrkad kel Vkocstke smjudl ba ce`dulal by tma EPH ks pkrtears ce

tma eu`dakr trkla rahcna kdjehscla Celck.<2 AdBkrklac kdsj suhhastal ce k 2669 pubdcsmal

alctjrckd tmkt tma eu`dakr suppdy rahcna ba aedkrhal tj ce`dula Vkocstke kel Csrkad, sceà

—jur trklctcjekd strktahy ji traktceh su`m stktas ks jutsclars cs ej djehar k rakdcstc` natmjl

ji brcehceh tmasa dkst iaw ̀ juetrcas cetj tma ijdl.„<0

But ks savarkd wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpkets uelardceal, irjn ;331, kdd EV\ pkrtcas“wmc`m

by tmae ce`dulal kdd suppdcar stktas ce tma EPH“khraal tmkt, ks k `jelctcje ijr tma

\ma EPH–s axparcaeà ce ce`jrpjrktceh @mcek

cetj tma hrjup smjudl ba `jesclaral ce key

iutura axpkescje ji tma EPH bayjel tma

prasaet pkrtc`cpktcje ji <9 hjvarenaets.



;= | \ma Iutura ji tma Eu`dakr Puppdcars Hrjup

celaecta axtaescje ji tma EV\, —Eaw suppdy krrkehanaets … smjudl raqucra, ks k ea`-

asskry pra`jelctcje, k`àptkeà ji CKAK iudd-s`jpa skiahukrls kel cetarektcjekddy dahkddy

bcelceh ̀ jnnctnaets ejt tj k`qucra eu`dakr wakpjes jr jtmar eu`dakr axpdjscva lavcàs.„

\mkt pdalha wks rakirnal by tma suppdcar stktas lurceh EV\ ravcaw `jeiaraeàs ce 2666

kel 26;6. Ct wks kbrjhktal ce 266= wmae tma EPH prjvclal tma axàptcje ijr Celck.

Ce dcea wctm stktanaets tmkt @mceasa raprasaetktcvas nkla lurceh EPH ladcbarktcjes

ce 2661 (wmae tma Qectal Ptktas ceijrnal EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets ji cts cetae-

tcje tj eahjtckta k eu`dakr `jjparktcje khraanaet wctm Celck), Q.P. ji`ckds mkl `jescl-

aral lcsùssceh ce tma EPH k `rctarck-bksal kpprjk`m ijr ke axàptcje tj tma iudd-s`jpa

skiahukrls raqucranaet ce tma hucladceas tmkt, ce prce`cpda, `judl ba kppdcal tj key stkta

jutscla tma EV\ tmkt lascral k`àss tj eu`dakr trkla. \ma Q.P. la`cscje tj saao k —scehudkr

axàptcje„ ijr Celck cestakl wks prjnptal by pjdctc`kd axpalcae`y. \ma Qectal Ptktas dcn-

ctal cts suppjrt ijr ke axàptcje ijr Celck kdjea ba`kusa ct badcaval tmkt dakvceh jpae tma

pjsscbcdcty tmkt Csrkad kel Vkocstke wjudl kdsj ba hcvae axàptcjes wjudl mkva prjvjoal

rn jppjsctcje irjn nkey `juetrcas. Ke axàptcje ijr Csrkad aspa`ckddy wjudl hcva rcsa

tj strjeh jbga`tcjes irjn Krkb stktas. Ct wjudl mkva baae pjsscbda, ji`ckds skcl kt tma

tcna, ijr tma Qectal Ptktas kel jtmar EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets tj lrkit `rctarck

tmkt Celck `judl naat but Vkocstke `judl ejt? mjwavar, Q.P. ji`ckds kssunal tmkt key

`rctarck tmkt Celck nat `judl kdsj ba nat by Csrkad.<< \ma Qectal Ptktas ceijrnal Csrkad kt

tma mchmast davad ji hjvarenaet tmkt ct wjudl ejt suppjrt k bcl by Csrkad ijr ke axàptcje

tj EPH trkla rudas, kitar Csrkad mkl parscstaetdy djbbcal je bamkdi ji su`m ke axàptcje.<1

\mraa yakrs kitar tma EPH hrketal tma Celck axàptcje, @kreahca wketal tj nkoa k

lcsùsscje pjsscbda lurceh tma Brussads wjrosmjp kbjut wmatmar tma hrjup cs prapkral

tj `jesclar ce`dulceh jtmar stktas jutscla tma EV\ tmkt kra `kpkbda ji suppdyceh eu`dakr

nktarckds kel aqucpnaet. @kreahca cevctal wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpkets irjn Celck, Csrkad, kelVkocstke tj `jesclar tma krhunaets ijr kel khkcest parncttceh tmasa `juetrcas tj pkrtc`c-

pkta ce tma EPH ce tma iutura.

Jea pkrtc`cpket skcl tmkt, bahceeceh krjuel 2666, k bcdktarkd Q.P.-Celck prjàss wks

dkue`mal tj ijrn k bcdktarkd strktahc` pkrtearsmcp. \mcs prjàss bahke kitar Celck mkl

lanjestrktal cts `jnnctnaet tj `jetrjddceh tma sprakl ji wakpjes ji nkss lastru`tcje

kel mkl straehtmaeal cts axpjrt `jetrjd systan. Celck, ma skcl, cs ejw `jnncttal tj

qukdciyceh ijr nanbarsmcp ce tma EPH kel jtmar nudtcdktarkd axpjrt `jetrjd krrkeha-

naets. Celck cs kdsj `jnncttal tj k ncecnun `ralcbda latarraeà strktahc` lj`trcea ijr

cts eu`dakr wakpjes kel saaos k`àss tj urkecun, eu`dakr aqucpnaet, kel ta`mejdjhy tj

bucdl up cts eu`dakr pjwar haearktceh ceirkstru`tura ce tma cetarast ji a`jejnc` lavadjp-naet kel `dcnkta `mkeha nctchktcje.

Kejtmar pkrtc`cpket skcl tmkt, uedcoa Celck, Csrkad cs ùrraetdy ejt prapkral tj anbkro

je k eu`dakr pjwar prjhrkn tmkt wjudl rady je cnpjrts ji `jetrjddal ctans irjn EPH-

pkrtc`cpktceh `juetrcas. Csrkad, mjwavar, mks baae kppdyceh tma EPH hucladceas sceà tma

;336s, kel ce 266< prjnudhktal axpjrt `jetrjd raqucranaets ijr eu`dakr, bcjdjhc`kd, kel

`manc`kd ctans. \ma pkrtc`cpket skcl tmkt ùrraet kel iutura prjdciarktcje tmrakts ikàl

by EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh `juetrcas bakr ej radktcje tj wmatmar tma tmrakts jrchcektal irjn

EV\ jr eje-EV\ stktas.



Nkro Mcbbs | ;3

Kejtmar pkrtc`cpket kdsj radktal tmkt, bjtm ce tma pkst kel tma prasaet, tma EPH ikàl

prjdciarktcje `mkddaehas irjn k eunbar ji EV\ stktas, ce`dulceh Crkq, Crke, Dcbyk, kel

Ejrtm Ojrak. Ce kllctcje, ma skcl, tma Omke eatwjro jparktal je tma tarrctjrcas kel wctm

madp irjn celcvclukds irjn kbjut 06 EV\ `juetrcas. Vkocstke mks baae cevjdval ce tma

EPH–s jutrak`m prjhrkn sceà 2662, ma skcl, ce`dulceh k vcsct tj Vkocstke by tma EPH ce

2661. Ce 266<, Vkocstke astkbdcsmal k `jnpramaescva axpjrt `jetrjd systan kel, baijra

tmkt, k ektcjekd ̀ jnnkel kutmjrcty raspjescbda ijr ̀ jetrjd ji Vkocstke–s strktahc` kssats. Ci

tma wkcvar ijr Celck wara haearkdczal je tma bkscs ji `rctarck, Vkocstke `judl ba axanptal

irjn tma iudd-s`jpa skiahukrls raqucranaet kel ba ce`jrpjrktal cetj tma EPH ks k eu`dakr

suppdcar stkta? Vkocstke wjudl ba wcddceh tj eahjtckta tma tarns ji su`m ke axàptcje.

Pjna pkrtc`cpkets ce tma wjrosmjp irjn EPH hjvarenaet ladahktcjes skcl kitar tma

lcsùsscje `jeàreceh tma EPH–s radktcjesmcp wctm Celck, Csrkad, kel Vkocstke tmkt tmay

wara ejt `jevceàl tmkt tma EPH smjudl axpkel cts nanbarsmcp tj ce`dula tmasa `jue-

trcas. Jtmars suhhastal lurceh tma naatceh tmkt, ci, ks ketc`cpktal, tma EPH–s 26;; pdaekry

naatceh jea njetm dktar rak`mal k ̀ jesaesus khraanaet je eaw hucladceas ijr aerc`mnaet

kel raprjàssceh (AER) trkesiars, tma eaw `jelctcjes ijr tmcs trkla wjudl raqucra EV\

nanbarsmcp by ra`cpcaet stktas. \mkt jut`jna, tmay skcl, wjudl rafla`t k `juetarrak`tcje

jr raflax by nkey EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets ce tma kitarnktm ji tma Q.P.-Celck lakd

kel tma EPH axàptcje ijr Celck, tkoceh cetj k``juet `rctc`csn ji tmjsa lavadjpnaets

irjn eje‐eu`dakr wakpje stktas ce tma EV\. K``jrlceh tj tmcs vcaw, tma raqucranaet

tmkt k ra`cpcaet eje‐eu`dakr wakpje stkta nust ba ke EV\ pkrty wks naket tj —rakssura„

eje‐eu`dakr wakpje stktas ce tma EV\ tmkt tma EV\ wjudl `jetceua tj ba vcawal by

EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets ks ke cnpjrtket cetarektcjekd ejrn, kel tmkt, ce tma

iutura, tma EPH, ks jea wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpket put ct, —wjudl ejt nkoa tma axàptcje ijr

Celck cetj k haearkd ruda ijr Csrkad kel Vkocstke.„ Jea axpjrt `jetrjd prk`tctcjear kt tma wjrosmjp skcl tmkt —ke axàptcje `ke ba`jna tma ejrn vary, vary qucòdy. \ma EPH mks

tj ba vary `kraiud kbjut tma ejrns, kel C lje–t tmceo tmkt ct cs baceh `kraiud aejuhm.„

Kejtmar pkrtc`cpket skcl tmkt, wmae tma EPH tkoas up pjsscbda iutura pkrtc`cpktcje ji

eje-EV\ stktas, tma hrjup —cs hattceh cetj vary iuelknaetkd cssuas,„ sceà, ci nanbars

tkoa ijr hrketal tmkt EV\ nanbarsmcp cs k `rctarcje ijr EPH nanbarsmcp, tmkt —wjudl

cnpdy tmkt eje-EV\ stktas wjudl mkva tj lcskrn ks k ̀ jelctcje ijr nanbarsmcp„“wmc`m

cs mkrldy k dcoady jut`jna.

But mcstjrc`kddy, pkrtc`cpkets pjcetal jut, tma EPH–s radktcjesmcp wctm tma EV\ mks

baae knbcvkdaet. \ma hrjup wks astkbdcsmal by stktas tmkt badcaval tmkt tma EV\ lcl ejt

suià tj pravaet tma sprakl ji eu`dakr wakpjes, kel cts jrchcekd nanbarsmcp ce`dulaltwj `juetrcas tmkt wara ejt EV\ pkrtcas. \ma EPH–s nanbars khraal tj raqucra iudd-

s`jpa skiahukrls ks k suppdy `jelctcje ce tma skna yakr tmkt Irkeà kel @mcek“tma jedy

twj EPH nanbars jutscla tma EV\“k`àlal tj tmkt trakty.

Kt tma Brussads wjrosmjp, @kreahca lcstrcbutal k lcsùsscje pkpar tmkt jutdceal pjtae-

tckd baeats kel lciùdtcas smjudl tma EPH pursua k `rctarck-bksal kpprjk`m tj avaetu-

kddy parnct @mcek tj axpjrt pjwar rak`tjrs tj Vkocstke, kel lcsùssal mjw @mcek nchmt

ba ceàetcvczal tj khraa tj suspael cts `jnnarà wctm Vkocstke ijr ks djeh ks ct tkoas tj

eahjtckta kpprjprckta ̀ rctarck tmkt wjudl rasudt ce ̀ dakr baeats ce eu`dakr ejeprjdciarktcje




kel saùrcty. Papkrktady, @kreahca dktar pubdcsmal ke axpkelal varscje ji tmcs pkpar jut-

dceceh su`m k pjsscbda kpprjk`m.<9

Lurceh tma wjrosmjp, sjna pkrtc`cpkets suhhastal k dcst ji pjsscbda `rctarck ijr ke

axàptcje tj tma iudd-s`jpa skiahukrls raqucranaet tmkt nchmt kppdy tj key stkta wctm-

jut k `jnpramaescva CKAK skiahukrls khraanaet. Knjeh tma prjpjsal raqucranaets

naetcjeal wara7 ke Ceijrnktcje @crùdkr (Cei`cr`)/99 skiahukrls khraanaet wctm tma

CKAK aesurceh tmkt CKAK skiahukrls wjudl ba kppdcal ce parpatucty je kdd skiahukrlal

k`tcvctcas ce tma `juetry? ke Kllctcjekd Vrjtj`jd wctm tma CKAK? rktc`ktcje ji tma

@jnpramaescva Eu`dakr-\ast-Bke \rakty kel, paelceh cts aetry cetj ijrà, k njrktjrcun

je eu`dakr tasts? klmaraeà tj tma EPH hucladceas kel tj tma ejrns ji jtmar nudtcdktarkd

axpjrt `jetrjd krrkehanaets? rjbust axpjrt `jetrjd dahcsdktcje? rktc`ktcje ji tma 2661

knaelal @jevaetcje je tma Vmysc`kd Vrjta`tcje ji Eu`dakr Nktarckd (Cei`cr`/28</Rav.1)

kel tma @jevaetcje ijr tma Pupprasscje ji K`ts ji Eu`dakr \arrjrcsn? kel `jnnctnaet

tj Ptap 0 ji tma ;0 Ptaps khraal tj by EV\ pkrtcas ce tma ekd ljùnaet ji tma 2666

EV\ ravcaw `jeiaraeà, tjwkrl `je`duscje ji k Icsscda Nktarckd @ut-Jii \rakty. Ijr tma

`ksa ji Vkocstke, tma @kreahca pkpars suhhastal kllctcjekd `jelctcjes ijr k iutura EPH

axàptcje, ce`dulceh `juetartarrjrcsn, eu`dakr skiaty kel saùrcty jbdchktcjes, kel staps

Vkocstke wjudl mkva tj tkoa tj la-as`kdkta cts eu`dakr radktcjesmcp wctm Celck kel pravaet

k rahcjekd eu`dakr krns bucdlup.

\ma @kreahca pkpars bahke wctm tma prancsa tmkt @mcek, ce tma wkoa ji tma savara

k``claet kt tmraa pjwar rak`tjrs kt Iuousmcnk-Lkcc`mc ce Gkpke, ùrraetdy nchmt ba pra-

pkral tj ra`jesclar cts axpjrt tj Vkocstke, sceà ks k `jesaquaeà ji tma k``claet ce Gkpke,

@mcek wcdd dcoady ce 26;2 klgust cts ljnastc` rak`tjr ta`mejdjhy lapdjynaet strktahy tj

bucdl eawar njlads kel ax`dula tma lasche raprasaetal by @mksmnk-0 kel -<. Bacgceh

`judl `jesclar lavadjpceh, tjhatmar wctm jtmar EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets, `rctarcktmkt ̀ judl ba sat ks k ykrlstcò ijr iutura bcdktarkd trkla wctm stktas wctmjut ̀ jnpramaescva

skiahukrls khraanaets. \j ae`jurkha @mcek tj pkrtkoa ce su`m lcsùsscjes, EPH suppdcar

stktas `judl `jnnct tmansadvas tj ik`cdctkta @mcek–s pkrtc`cpktcje ce cetarektcjekd prjg-

a`ts tj axpjrt njlare pjwar rak`tjrs tj nkroats jutscla Vkocstke. @mceasa pkrtc`cpktcje

cs ùrraetdy savarady dcnctal by cetadda`tukd prjparty rchmts cssuas, sceà @mcek cs usceh

ijrache ta`mejdjhy ce njst ji tma rak`tjrs ct cs bucdlceh. Ba`kusa tma EPH irjn ;331

tmrjuhm 26;6 mks `jnncttal kel ra`jnncttal ctsadi tj tma iudd-s`jpa skiahukrls suppdy

`jelctcje, ct wks kdsj klvcsal tmkt key EPH `jesclarktcje lapkrtceh irjn tmkt uelar-

stkelceh smjudl ba lcsùssal wctm EV\ eje‐eu`dakr wakpje stkta pkrtcas.

\ma pjtaetckd baeats ji su`m ke kpprjk`m kra7

• astkbdcsmceh k prjàss ijr tma djeh-tarn cetahrktcje ji eje-EV\ pkrtcas cetj tma

eu`dakr trkla rahcna?

• prjvclceh k wky tj cetahrkta @mcek–s eu`dakr `jnnarà wctm Vkocstke cetj ke

EPH irknawjro k`àptkbda tj kdd EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets?

• hcvceh kssurkeàs tmkt Vkocstke–s iutura eu`dakr lavadjpnaet wjudl tkoa pdkà

uelar sustkcekbda, skia, kel saùra `jelctcjes kel wjudl prjvcla eu`dakr saùrcty

kel ejeprjdciarktcje baeats? kel



Nkro Mcbbs | 2;

\mara cs ùrraetdy ej `jesaesus ce tma EPH

kbjut mjw ct smjudl kpprjk`m tma quastcje

ji iutura radktcjes wctm eje-EV\ pkrtcas.

• ceàetcvczceh @mcek tj pdky k hraktar kel `jestru`tcva rjda ce tma smkpceh ji tma

eu`dakr trkla rahcna.

\ma pjtaetckd lrkwbkòs ji su`m ke kpprjk`m ce`dula7

• pjsscbda khhrkvktcje ji tma radktcjesmcp batwaae eu`dakr suppdcar stktas kel nkeyeje‐eu`dakr wakpje stktas ce tma EV\? kel

• ke ueikvjrkbda `jst-baeat rktcj, su`m tmkt tma nkce lascral jut`jna lrcvceh tma

prjàss“`crùns`rcbceh Pcej-Vkocstkec eu`dakr trkla“nky ba ejt schec`ket

aejuhm ijr EPH pkrtc`cpkets tj cevast ce k `jnpdax kel lcffùdt eahjtcktcje

jvar trkla `jelctcjes wctm Vkocstke.

Cetarvaetcjes by wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpkets suhhastal tmara cs ùrraetdy ej ̀ jesaesus ce tma

EPH kbjut mjw ct smjudl kpprjk`m tma quastcje ji iutura radktcjes wctm eje-EV\ pkrtcas.

K iaw pkrtc`cpkets lraw pkrkddads batwaae tma sctuktcje ikàl by tma EPH tjlky kel

tmkt ae`juetaral by @j`jn

<8

bahceeceh ce ;332, smjrtdy kitar `jddkpsa ji tma PjvcatQecje, kel prcjr tj @j`jn–s su`àsscje ce ;339 by tma Xkssaekkr Krrkehanaet. Dcoa

Xkssaekkr, jea pkrtc`cpket skcl, tma EPH —mks ej prataetcjes tj uecvarskdcty.„ Ijddjwceh

tma 266= axàptcje ijr Celck, ma skcl, tma EPH cs —iraa tj `mjjsa wmc`m rjkl ct smjudl

ijddjw,„ kdchenaet wctm tma EV\, jr cestakl k pktm tmkt ce tma iutura wcdd haearkdcza tma

—scehudkr axàptcje„ prjvclal tj Celck tj jtmar eje-

EV\ pkrtcas kel `jesclar tman ks iutura nanbar-

smcp `kelclktas. —Ke EV\ `jnnctnaet kel tma

Celcke axàptcje kra ejt `jnpktcbda, sj wmara ljas

tma EPH wket tj hj:„ ma ksoal.

Ejt kdd pkrtc`cpkets ikvjral tma ce`duscje ji

bjtm Vkocstke kel Csrkad cetj tma krrkehanaet. Jea

Aurjpake pkrtc`cpket axprassdy klvj`ktal eahj-

tcktceh ke avaetukd axàptcje ijr Vkocstke je tma

hrjuels tmkt ct nchmt prjvcla —tkehcbda baeats„ su`m ks tmjsa pjstudktal by tma @kreahca

pkpar. But ma lcl ejt ikvjr hrketceh su`m ke axàptcje tj Csrkad, ce pkrt ba`kusa ct wjudl

—`kusa k djt ji uerast ce tma EKN… . Xara Vkocstke tj ba hrketal ke _axàptcje^, C lje–t

tmceo tmara wjudl ba ke uprjkr.„ Kejtmar Aurjpake pkrtc`cpket uelars`jral tma pjsscbcd-

cty tmkt, smjudl staps ba tkoae tj njva `djsar tj k`àptceh eje-EV\ stktas ks nanbars,

ejt kdd ji tmasa wjudl ba traktal aqukddy. —\ma EPH cs k pjdctc`kd kel lcpdjnktc` rahcna.

\mus, ct cs kbjut pjdctc`kd `jesaesus-bucdlceh kel wmkt cs pjsscbda kel ejt eaàsskrcdy

wmkt cs djhc`kd.„

\mcs pkrtc`cpket skcl tmkt tma EPH —eaals njra tmke avar k `jesudtktcva na`mkecsn

tmkt jpaes tma wky ijr ce-laptm ̀ jesudtktcjes wctm bjtm kspcrceh EPH pkrtears kel ̀ jue-

trcas jutscla tma EPH. Celaal sjna ji tma daklceh ̀ juetrcas ce tma EKN ̀ judl ikdd wctmce

tmkt `ktahjry. \ma EPH `judl try tj sat up sjna sjrt ji `jesudtktcva ijrnkt„ scncdkr tj

tma Ejrtm Ktdketc` @jjparktcje @jue`cd ijr `juetrcas tmkt kra ejt nanbars ji EK\J.

\mkt bjly, ma skcl, avaetukddy —ba`kna k parnkeaet na`mkecsn ijr ̀ jesudtktcje batwaae

_EK\J^ kel `juetrcas jutscla.„ Xara su`m k na`mkecsn tj ba astkbdcsmal ijr tma EPH,

ma skcl, ct wjudl ba up tj tma pkrtc`cpktceh `juetrcas tj la`cla mjw —`djsa„ tj tma EPH




tmay wcsmal tma jutsclars tj ba, but tma na`mkecsn wjudl kdsj —kddjw _k ejenanbar^ tj

la`cla tj ba`jna ke kspcrceh nanbar ji tma EPH.„

But, skcl kejtmar pkrtc`cpket, ej su`m na`mkecsn ce tma EPH prasaetdy axcsts.

@jesclarktcje by tma EPH ji eaw `kelclktas ijr nanbarsmcp —ljase–t wjro dcoa tmkt.„

Xmkt mkppaes, ma skcl, cs tmkt k `juetry saaoceh nanbarsmcp ce tma EPH —prasaets ke

cectcktcva„ tj tma EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets. —Ci tma cectcktcva cs k`àptal, tma `jue-

try cs ̀ jesclaral. Ci ejt, wa tmkeo tma ̀ juetry kel tadd ct, tmcs cs ejt tma tcna, wa wcdd ̀ jna

bkò tj yju kt k hjjl tcna. Kel tmkt–s ct.„

\ma ̀ jevaetcjekd krhunaet ikvjrceh k strjeh kdchenaet batwaae tma EPH kel EV\ cs

tmkt tma EPH–s suppdcar stktas“kdd ji tman ejw EV\ pkrtcas“kra ̀ jnncttal tj k —hrkel

bkrhkce„ k``jrlceh tj wmc`m tmay nust prjvcla eje‐eu`dakr wakpje stktas k`àss tj trkla

kel ta`mejdjhy ce ax`mkeha ijr tmacr `jetceual raeue`cktcje ji eu`dakr wakpjes. Jea

Ksck-Vk`c` pkrtc`cpket suhhastal tmkt k `rctarck-bksal kpprjk`m tj eje-EV\ stktas nchmt

rasudt ce tma EV\–s eje‐eu`dakr wakpje stktas dakvceh tma trakty. —Ci yju kddjw _eje-

EV\ stktas^ ce wctmjut tman hcvceh up tmacr eu`dakr wakpjes prjhrkns … tmara wcdd ba

k tanptktcje ijr `juetrcas tj rst hj eu`dakr kel tmae gjce tma axpjrt `jetrjd rahcnas. Pj

Ejrtm Ojrak wcdd ijddjw Celck kel Vkocstke … kel tmcs `judl sarcjusdy uelarncea tma

EPH rahcna.„ Kejtmar pkrtc`cpket irjn tma skna rahcje ksoal tma skna quastcje, kdbact

irknal by Crke. —Xa sct ce tma CKAK bjkrl ji hjvarejrs _naatcehs^ kel jitae makr Crke

skyceh tmkt _EV\ nanbarsmcp^ `jnas wctm k wmjda djkl ji jbdchktcjes kel ejt nu`m

baeat. Xjudle–t `mkehceh tma EPH nanbarsmcp `rctarck iaal Crke–s krhunaet:„

But jea pkrtc`cpket vjcàl wmkt ma ̀ kddal k —maratc`kd tmascs„ tmkt tma kssunptcje tmkt tma

EPH–s axtaelceh eu`dakr trkla prcvcdahas tj Celck kel jtmar stktas jutscla tma EV\ wjudl

dakl tj hraktar prjdciarktcje kel laia`tcjes irjn tma EV\ cs —ke ueprjvae jea.„ Dcbyk, Crkq,

Crke, kel Ejrtm Ojrak lcl ejt njva ijrwkrl wctm `dkelastcea eu`dakr prjhrkns ba`kusatma EPH wks lcs`rcncektceh khkcest tman ce ikvjr ji eje-EV\ stktas, ma skcl.

Ce ;338, ks pkrt ji cts jutrak`m prjhrkn, tma EPH pubdcsmal k ljùnaet tctdal —\ma

Eu`dakr Puppdcars Hrjup7 Cts Jrchces, Rjda, kel K`tcvctcas„ ks Cei`cr`/103.<= \ma jrchc-

ekd varscje ce`dulal k rubrc` `kddal —nanbarsmcp.„ \ma njst raàet varscje, Cei`cr`/103/

Rav.<, `kdds tmcs —pkrtc`cpktcje„ cestakl. Jea wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpket cevjdval ce lrkitceh

tmkt ljùnaet skcl tmkt tma raàet dkehukha wks naket tj lcs`jurkha `juetrcas jutscla

tma EPH irjn `je`dulceh tmkt tma suppdcars hrjup wks k —`dub„ jr k `krtad. Ce tma iutura,

—pkrtc`cpktcje„ nchmt kdsj cnpdy, uedcoa —nanbarsmcp,„ tmkt `juetrcas nchmt anbrkà

tma kspcrktcjes kel klmara tj tma hucladceas ji tma EPH wctmjut tkoceh k`tcva pkrt ce

cts la`cscjenkoceh. Ce kdd `jesaùtcva varscjes ji Cei`cr`/103 sceà ;338, tma ljùnaetaxpdkces tmkt tmara kra —ik`tjrs„“ejt ̀ rctarck“tmkt kra —tkoae cetj k``juet„ ijr nanbar-

smcp/pkrtc`cpktcje. \masa —ce`dula … klmaraeà tj jea jr njra traktcas, su`m ks tma EV\,

tma \raktcas ji \dktadjd`j, Rkrjtjehk, Vadcelkbk, Bkehojo, jr ke aqucvkdaet cetarektcjekd

eu`dakr eje-prjdciarktcje khraanaet _kel^ iudd `jnpdckeà wctm tma jbdchktcjes ji su`m

khraanaet(s).„

—Xa mkva tj rananbar tmkt _Cei`cr`/103^ stktas tmkt nanbarsmcp ce tma EV\ cs jea ji

tma `ru`ckd ik`tjrs ce la`clceh nanbarsmcp _ce tma EPH^, kel ci _jtmar `rctarck^ kra ejw

tj ba `jesclaral, wa mkva tj `jesclar wmy EV\ nanbarsmcp wks sat ks k ik`tjr ce tma



Nkro Mcbbs | 20

rst pdkà,„ jea wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpket skcl. Kejtmar pkrtc`cpket, mjwavar, `mkddaehal tma

kssunptcje tmkt tma EPH nust celaectady usa tma EV\ ks k bae`mnkro ijr nanbar-

smcp. —Ce tma bahceeceh, tmara wks ej lcra`t dceo batwaae tma EPH kel tma EV\ ba`kusa

tma suppdcars jrhkeczal tmansadvas tj `jestrkce Irkeà tj k`àpt sjna rudas rahkrlceh

axpjrts.„ EPH pkrtc`cpkets smjudl tmaraijra —quastcje wmy tma EPH mks baae sj praj`ù-

pcal wctm jea pkrtcùdkr `jelctcje ji suppdy“nanbarsmcp ce tma EV\“aspa`ckddy sceà

tma _EPH^ jrchcekddy eavar ijrnkddy raiarral tj tma EV\. Xmy lcle–t _tma EPH^ spael

njra tcna laeceh jtmar `jelctcjes ji suppdy:„

Pmjrtdy kitar tma wjrosmjp kel baijra tma 26;; EPH pdaekry naatceh madl jea njetm

dktar, tma Qectal Ptktas ̀ crùdktal tj EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets k pkpar tctdal —Ijjl

ijr \mjuhmt„<3 ̀ jeàreceh tma cssua ji nanbarsmcp. \ma pkpar wks lrkital kitar Vrasclaet

Jbknk keejueàl tmcs pkst Ejvanbar tmkt tma Qectal Ptktas suppjrtal tma ce`duscje

ji Celck ks k iudd nanbar ce tma EPH.16 K``jrlcehdy, tma pkpar lcl ejt prjpjsa tmkt tma

EV\ smjudl ba sat ijrtm ks k `rctarcje ijr iutura EPH nanbarsmcp.

Q.P. klvj`k`y ji Celcke nanbarsmcp ce tma EPH bahceeceh ce dkta 26;6 prjnptal

sjna jtmar EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets tj jbga`t tj tma Qectal Ptktas tmkt iudd nan-

barsmcp wjudl parnct Celck tj bdjò `jesaesus la`cscjenkoceh ce tma hrjup ce tma iutura

ba`kusa, ks jea pkrtc`cpket ce tma wjrosmjp skcl, —tmara cs k ̀ jeàre, avae k suspc`cje, tmkt

Celck–s khaelk cs tj ravarsa tma trael ji tma EPH sceà tma ;336s„ tjwkrl tma tchmtaeceh

ji eu`dakr axpjrt `jetrjds.

Lurceh prapkrktcje ji tma nanbarsmcp pkpar, Q.P. ji`ckds ceijrnal ijrache EPH

`juetarpkrts tmkt tma Qectal Ptktas nchmt kpprjk`m tma cssua ji Celcke nanbarsmcp by

`jesclarceh Celck k —dcoa-ncelal„ stkta tmkt smkral tma EPH–s jvarkdd kspcrktcjes kel

ejrns. Pjna pkrtc`cpkets ce tma wjrosmjp, mjwavar, vjcàl rasarvktcjes kbjut tmcs

kpprjk`m, sceà tma laectcje ji —dcoa-ncelal„ wjudl eaàsskrcdy ba subga`tcva, kelk la`cscje by EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets ks tj wmatmar Celck wks —dcoa-ncelal„

wjudl ba latarnceal k``jrlceh tj tma ektcjekd cetarast ji ak`m pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaet.

Lurceh tma eahjtcktcje ji eaw hucladceas ijr aerc`mnaet kel raprjàssceh, ̀ jesaesus wks

ejt pjsscbda uetcd k eunbar ji prjpjsal subga`tcva `jelctcjes wara ladatal irjn tma taxt.

—Xa kra prapkral tj `jetceua tj lcsùss _prjspa`ts ijr Celcke nanbarsmcp^, but wa

wje–t hj iurtmar uedass Celck prasaets k vary `jevce`ceh krhunaet,„ jea wjrosmjp pkr-

tc`cpket skcl. Nanbarsmcp ijr Csrkad kel Vkocstke wara ùrraetdy ejt je tma khaelk ji tma

hrjup kt tma tcna tma wjrosmjp wks madl.

Jea ji tma —ik`tjrs„ `jesclaral ijr pkrtc`cpktcje ce tma EPH uelar Cei`cr`/103 cs

—tma kbcdcty tj suppdy ctans (ce`dulceh ctans ce trkesct) `jvaral by tma keeaxas ji Vkrts ;kel 2 ji tma EPH hucladceas.„ Ks jea pkrtc`cpket tjdl tma EPH sancekr ce ;338, —Key

`juetry wmc`m mks k nk`mcea tjjd smjp `judl ba tma suppdcar ji aspa`ckddy lascheal jr

prapkral `jnpjeaets irjn tma trchhar dcst.„1; Jea pkrtc`cpket ce tma Brussads wjrosmjp

skcl mcs hjvarenaet mks astcnktal tmkt kbjut ;;6 `juetrcas `ke suppdy eu`dakr lukd-usa

aqucpnaet, kel, bksal je wmkt wks ravakdal kbjut tma k`tcvctcas ji tma Omke eatwjro,

—vcrtukddy key ji tmasa ̀ judl ba sat up tj nkeuik`tura kt dakst sjna trchhar dcst ctans.„ \ma

EV\, tmaraijra, —̀ ke–t ba tma udtcnkta ykrlstcò ijr EPH nanbarsmcp ce tma iutura ci jur

hjkd cs tj `kptura kdd suppdcars ji eu`dakr ctans.„



2< | \ma Iutura ji tma Eu`dakr Puppdcars Hrjup

Ce tma iutura, tma anarhaeà ji eaw

ùstjns uecjes ce Kirc̀ k, tma Ksck-

Vk`c`, tma Ncllda Akst, kel @aetrkd kel

Pjutm Knarc`k wcdd `mkddaeha tma EPH.

Lurceh tma ;338 kel ;333 EPH jutrak`m sancekrs, sjna pkrtc`cpkets wkreal tmkt

ce`raksceh tma scza ji tma hrjup wjudl raelar ct eakrdy cnpjsscbda tj rak`m `jesaesus je

iutura cssuas, ce`dulceh je tma njst cnpjrtket subga`ts, su`m ks tma `jetaet ji `jetrjd

dcsts kel tma `jelctcjes ijr trkla ce tma hucladceas. K iaw pkrtc`cpkets ce tmjsa naatcehs

prjpjsal tmkt tma EPH astkbdcsm k —twj-tcar„ nanbarsmcp wctm jea hrjup ji `juetrcas

klmarceh tj tma hucladceas kel k sa`jel hrjup k`tcva ce EPH la`cscjenkoceh. But jtmar

pkrtc`cpkets tmae jiiaral tma vcaw tmkt eaw suppdcar `juetrcas wjudl ejt khraa tj upmjdl

tma hucladceas ci tmay wara ejt parncttal tj iuddy tkoa pkrt ce la`cscjenkoceh. \wcà

ce tma pkst tae yakrs, tma EPH madl k lcsùsscje je —`ktahjrcas ji nanbarsmcp,„ jea

@kreahca wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpket skcl. \mcs —wks lcsùssal ce vary haearkd tarns,„ but ej

k`tcjes wara tkoae ks k `jesaquaeà.

Kscla irjn tma lkehar tmkt axpkelceh tma nanbarsmcp wcdd nkoa ct dass dcoady tmkt stktas

wcdd rak̀ m `jesaesus, pkrtc`cpkets ce tma Brussads wjrosmjp radktal tmkt, ks nanbarsmcp mks

axpkelal, tmara mkva baae hraktar ̀ jeàres kbjut cetarekd lktk saùrcty, wmc`m wcdd ce`raksa

iurtmar ks tma EPH ijùsas njra kttaetcje kllrassceh tmrakts irjn ejestkta k`tjrs.

Mjw, jea wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpket ksoal, `judl tma EPH gustciy ax`dulceh, je subga`tcva

pjdctc`kd hrjuels, `juetrcas tmkt mkl lanjestrktal tmkt tmay wara suppdcars ji trchhar dcst

ctans, jr avae aetcra eu`dakr ik`cdctcas, wmae tma hrjup mkl ce`dulal k eunbar ji Aurjpake

`juetrcas tmkt lje–t mkva k trkò ra`jrl ji suppdyceh key eu`dakr nktarckd jr aqucpnaet:

Njra haearkddy, ks jea pkrtc`cpket adsawmara mkl wrcttae ce ke uepubdcsmal pkpar7

Kllceh eaw stktas wctm lcvarhaet cetarasts nky nkoa ct njra lciùdt tj nkcetkce aiia`tcva

eu`dakr axpjrt stkelkrls jr tj uphrkla tmjsa stkelkrls wmae `crùnstkeàs lc`tkta. Je tma

jtmar mkel, ax`dulceh key stkta tmkt mks tma pjtaetckd tj `kusa lknkha tj tma ejeprjdciark-

tcje rahcna nky nake tmkt su`m k stkta wcdd ejt klmara tj raspjescbda axpjrt pjdc`cas. Pu`m

stktas mkva dcttda ceàetcva tj klmara tj tma hucladceas ci tmay kra ejt parncttal tj pkrtc`cpktace tma la`cscjes ji tma hrjup.

Jea pkrtc`cpket suhhastal tmkt tma kutjnktc` klncsscje ji kdd Aurjpake Qecje nan-

bars tj tma EPH rkcsal iurtmar quastcjes kbjut tma aqucty kel sustkcekbcdcty ji tma EPH–s

prasaet `jursa je lakdceh wctm pjtaetckd eaw pkr-

tc`cpkets. Kdd 28 nanbars ji tma Aurjpake Qecje

kra iudd pkrtc`cpkets ce tma EPH, but —jedy mkdi ji

tmasa mkva key sarcjus eu`dakr ceirkstru`tura, kel

jedy k iaw ji tmasa kra haeucea eu`dakr suppdcars jr

trkessmcppceh stktas ijr eu`dakr ctans,„ k wjrosmjp

pkrtc`cpket irjn celustry skcl. Kdd AQ nanbarskra klncttal ks EPH pkrtc`cpkets ba`kusa tmay kra

nanbars ji k ùstjns uecje wmara nkey dcstal

hjjls kra rjutceady smcppal k`rjss ektcjekd bjuel-

krcas wctmjut ̀ jetrjds.12 Ce tma iutura, tma anarhaeà ji eaw ̀ ustjns uecjes ce Kirc`k, tma

Ksck-Vk`c`, tma Ncllda Akst, kel @aetrkd kel Pjutm Knarc`k wcdd `mkddaeha tma EPH,

savarkd pkrtc`cpkets wkreal. Jea su`m hrjup ce ijrnktcje cs tma @jjparktcje @jue`cd

ijr tma Krkb Ptktas ji tma Hudi (H@@). Jea H@@ nanbar, tma Qectal Krkb Ancrktas

(QKA), cs `jestru`tceh k eu`dakr pjwar pdket, cs `jesclarceh iutura pkrtc`cpktcje ce tma



Nkro Mcbbs | 21

EPH, kel cs k nkgjr trkesct lastcektcje ijr dkrha knjuets ji lukd-usa hjjls, ks tma cevas-

tchktcje ji tma Omke eatwjro–s k`tcvctcas uelars`jral. Pmjudl tma QKA gjce tma EPH,

astkbdcsmnaet ji k ùstjns uecje ce tma H@@ wjudl cnpdy tmkt Bkmrkce, Ouwkct, Jnke,

[ktkr, Pkulc Krkbck, kel parmkps Gjrlke kel Njrj``j wjudl ba`jna EPH pkrtc`cpkets.

Ce kejtmar `ksa, tma Aurkscke A`jejnc` @jnnuecty, jea pkrtc`cpket axpdkceal, va

`juetrcas kra sattceh up k ùstjns uecje, kel, ce tma prjàss, ijr kbjut achmt yakrs tmay

mkva kdsj baae astkbdcsmceh k `jnnje systan ji axpjrt `jetrjds. \wj nanbar ji tmcs

hrjup, Russck kel Okzkomstke, kra kdrakly pkrtc`cpktceh ce tma EPH. \mraa njra“

Badkrus, Oyrhyzstke, kel \kgcocstke“sj ikr kra ejt. Pjna suppdcar stktas mkl pravc-

jusdy jbga`tal tj tma klncsscje cetj tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa ji jea ji tmasa, Badkrus, je

hrjuels tmkt ct wks ejt —dcoa-ncelal,„ sceà Badkrus mkl baae `ctal by tmasa suppdcars ks

baceh ce vcjdktcje ji cetarektcjekd ejrns ijr `jevaetcjekd wakpjes trkla `jvaral by tma

Xkssaekkr Krrkehanaet.

Ks jea pkrtc`cpket sunnkrczal7

\ma EPH mks bahue k prjàss tj ce`dula tma eje-EV\ stktas wmc`m kra eu`dakr suppdcars.

\ma nkttar nust ba kpprjk`mal `kraiuddy ce jrlar ejt tj uelarncea tma jbga`tcvas ji tma

eje-prjdciarktcje rahcna. Celck–s cetaetcje tj kppdy ijr EPH nanbarsmcp wcdd tast mjw tma

EPH raspjels tj klkptceh tj k eaw cetarektcjekd saùrcty aevcrjenaet… . \mcs cs sjna-

tmceh tmkt cs `jnceh, ct–s ce tma kcr, kel wcdd mkva tj ba lakdt wctm by iutura EPH `mkcrs.

Pjna pkrtc`cpkets klvcsal tmkt, ci tma EPH njvas iurtmar ce tmcs lcra`tcje, tma `mkcr

smjudl klvj`kta k njra k`tcva jutrak`m rjda ijr tma hrjup ce ̀ jnnuec`ktceh cts cetaetcjes

tj `cvcd sj`caty kel ejepkrtc`cpktceh `juetrcas by prjvclceh brcaehs kel bkòhrjuel

nktarckds. Vrcjr tj tma EPH–s la`cscje ce 266= tj hrket tma axàptcje tj Celck, tma EPH

lcl ejt axtaescvady brcai jutsclars, ce`dulceh wjroceh hrjups prapkrceh ijr tma 26;6 EV\

Ravcaw @jeiaraeà, je cts prjàalcehs.

Pjna wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpkets axprassal `kutcje kbjut laeceh `rctarck ijr iutura EPH

pkrtc`cpktcje ba`kusa kbsaeà ji `rctarck kiijrls tma hrjup pjdctc`kd flaxcbcdcty. —Rchmt ejw

tma EPH ljase–t mkva mkrl kel ikst ̀ rctarck„ kel ijr k —vary hjjl raksje,„ jea skcl. —\mara

kra ”ik`tjrs–“ejt `rctarck“tj ba tkoae cetj k``juet, kel tmara cs narct ce tmcs kpprjk`m.

\ma ik`tjrs kra qucta `dakr, but tmay–ra ejt rn `rctarck? tmara–s daawky, kel ce pjdctc`s

ct–s kdwkys hjjl tj mkva sjna daawky.„ But jtmar pkrtc`cpkets pjcetal jut tmkt flaxcbcdcty

`jnas kt tma prcà ji dahctcnk`y, sceà wctmjut rn `rctarck, la`cscjes kbjut iutura pkr-

tc`cpktcje by jtmar stktas `judl ba latarnceal je k subga`tcva bkscs“ce`dulceh pjtaetckd

`ksas ce wmc`m tma EPH laeal ctsadi ks k hrjup ji —dcoa-ncelal stktas.„ Pubga`tcva gulh-

naets pravkcdal wmae tma EPH hrketal Celck ke axàptcje, nkey pkrtc`cpkets suhhastal.

Ks jea pkrtc`cpket sunnkrczal eakr tma ael ji tma wjrosmjp7

Rchmt ejw tmara kra ej raquasts irjn key `juetry tj ba`jna k nanbar ji tma EPH, but

tmara nchmt ba raquasts ce tma iutura. Pu`m raquasts eaal tj ba `jesclaral vary `kraiuddy. Xa

àrtkcedy eaal k lcsùsscje kbjut `rctarck, kel tma lcsùsscje kbjut pjtaetckd `rctarck _ce tma

@kreahca pkpar `crùdktal kt tma wjrosmjp^ wks ke cnpjrtket pkrt ji tmcs sancekr. Ct wks k

surprcsa tmkt tmara anarhal sjna khraanaet mara kbjut wmkt saescbda `rctarck nchmt ba …

but tmcs wcdd ba k lcsùsscje tmkt tkoas k djt ji tcna… . \ma wjrosmjp spaddal jut tmkt tma

EPH stkrtal irjn k pkrklchn tmkt wks `jnpdatady lciiaraet irjn tmkt ji tjlky.




Ce ;38<, —k bch ̀ juetry, Celck, mkl ̀ rjssal tma tmrasmjdl ji pjssasscje ji eu`dakr wakp-

jes„ by vcjdktceh pakàiud-usa `jnnctnaets nkla tj suppdcar stktas. Kejtmar suppdcar,

Irkeà, wks prapkrceh tj axpjrt raprjàssceh ta`mejdjhy tj Vkocstke kel Pjutm Ojrak.

Sat kejtmar, Harnkey, mkl `je`dulal ke knbctcjus eu`dakr pdket kel aerc`mnaet ta`m-

ejdjhy axpjrt lakd wctm ke cnpjrtket `juetry, Brkzcd, wmc`m mkrbjral eu`dakr wakpje

knbctcjes. —\jlky–s pkrklchn cs vary lciiaraet, kel tmkt–s tma raksje wmy wa ikà tma

quastcje ji pjsscbda eje-EV\ stktas ba`jnceh EPH nanbars ce tma iutura.„

EPH Nanbarsmcp kel tma EV\

\ma EV\ cs k trakty tmkt cs `djsa tj uecvarskd, but ct `keejt ba klkptal. \ma EPH wks ijuelal je

tma bkscs tmkt tma EV\ wjudl ejt suià tj mkdt eu`dakr prjdciarktcje, kel twj ji cts jrchcekd savae

nanbars wara ejt EV\ pkrtcas. Qedcoa tma EV\, tma EPH ljas ejt kspcra tj ba uecvarskd, but ùr-raetdy kdd cts pkrtc`cpkets kra EV\ pkrtcas, kel ijr tma dkst itaae yakrs EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh stktas

mkva `jnncttal tmansadvas tj upmjdlceh tma iudd-s`jpa skiahukrls `jelctcje (kdtmjuhm ce 266=

tmay kbrjhktal tmkt `jnnctnaet). Mjwavar, tmara rankce jtmar eu`dakr suppdcars“wmc`m kdsj

pjssass aerc`mnaet kel raprjàssceh ta`mejdjhy kel mkva eu`dakr wakpjes“jutscla tma EV\.

• \ma EPH smjudl `jelu`t k tmjrjuhm kel systanktc` lcsùsscje ji iutura nanbarsmcp, ce-

`dulceh k `jesclarktcje ji tma Q.P. tmjuhmt pkpar, wmc`m ljas ejt ce`dula EV\ nanbarsmcp

ks k `rctarcje.

• Key lcsùsscje ji `rctarck smjudl ce`dula astkbdcsmnaet ji bae`mnkros ijr su`m `rctarck kel

pjsscbda natrc`s tj latarncea `jnpdckeà wctm tma `rctarck.

• Ct smjudl lcsùss wmatmar `jaxcstaeà ji —klmaraeà„ tj hucladceas kel —pkrtc`cpktcje„ ks

sapkrkta `ktahjrcas cs sustkcekbda kel iakscbda.

• \ma EPH smjudl `jesclar astkbdcsmnaet ji k njra ijrnkd prjàss tj `jesudt wctm ejepkrtc`-

cpktceh stktas, nkekha tma hrjup–s radktcjesmcp wctm tmasa `juetrcas, kel prapkra tman ijr

nanbarsmcp ks lcstce`t irjn wkctceh je kel rak`tceh tj uesjdc`ctal cectcktcvas ji celcvclukd

stktas.

• \ma EPH smjudl lcsùss wctm EK\J cts jrhkeczktcje ijr `jjparktcje wctm ejenanbar

`juetrcas kel kppdy key dassjes dakreal.

• \ma EPH smjudl `jesclar rjtktceh nanbarsmcp ce tma @jesudtktcva Hrjup ks k pjsscbda

pkrtckd keswar tj tma `mkddaeha ji hraktar klmaraeà kel pkrtc`cpktcje.

• \ma EPH smjudl `krry jut k systanktc` cevastchktcje ji kdd sjuràs ji dcstal hjjls wjrdl-

wcla tj madp prcjrctcza iutura axpkescje ji pkrtc`cpktcje.

EPH La`cscjenkoceh

\ma EPH, wmc`m ce ;38= khraal je k `jnpdata sat ji cetarektcjekd axpjrt `jetrjd hucla-

dceas wctmce tma tmraa yakrs ijddjwceh cts rst `jestctutcva naatceh, bahke ks k snkdd hrjup

ji stktas tmkt mkl nu`m ce `jnnje. Kdd wara lavadjpal `juetrcas wctm klvkeàl eu`dakr



Nkro Mcbbs | 28

R&L kel iuad prjàssceh ceirkstru`tura, kdd haearktal ada`trc`cty wctm rak`tjrs, kel kdd

`judl prjluà trchhar dcst aqucpnaet.

\ma ùrraet <9 pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets raprasaet k ikr njra lcvarsa hrjup ji stktas

irjn avary `jetceaet, ce`dulceh va stktas wctm eu`dakr wakpjes, njst ji tma wjrdl–s

eu`dakr pjwar haearktjrs, sjna stktas tmkt kra jppjsal tj eu`dakr pjwar kel mkva njlast

jr ej suppdcar `kpkbcdctcas, kel sjna lavadjpceh `juetrcas.

Pceà 266;, nanbarsmcp ce tma EPH mks ce`raksal irjn 03 tj <9 by kllceh @mcek,

@rjktck, Astjeck, Càdkel, Okzkomstke, Dctmukeck, kel Nkdtk. Lurceh tmcs parcjl, tma

EPH mks kdsj tkoae k`tcjes tj prapkra tj k``jnnjlkta njra `juetrcas ks pkrtc`cpkets,

ce pkrtcùdkr by axpkelceh jutrak`m aiijrts tj stktas tmkt nky anarha ks eaw eu`dakr sup-

pdcars ce `jnceh yakrs. \ma jutrak`m prjhrkn ce`dulal bcdktarkd aehkhanaets, ce`dulceh

ta`mec`kd ax`mkehas, wctm Celck, Csrkad, kel Vkocstke, kel cetark`tcjes kel vcscts tj oay

trkesctceh stktas su`m ks tma Qectal Krkb Ancrktas, Nkdkysck, kel Pcehkpjra. \ma EPH–s

jvarrclceh kcn bamcel tmasa k`tcvctcas cs tj uecvarskdcza tma kppdc`ktcje ji cts hucladceas.

Irjn tma jutsat, kdd la`cscjes kbjut tma `jetaet ji hucladceas kel jtmar nkttars mkva

baae nkla by `jesaesus. \ma `jesaesus ruda wks ratkceal kel ractarktal ks tma EPH–s

nanbarsmcp staklcdy ce`raksal, njst raàetdy ce tma 2663 ravcscje ji Cei`cr`/103.

Lurceh tma wjrosmjp, mjwavar, pkrtc`cpkets radktal tmkt, ks tma nanbarsmcp mks hrjwe,

`jesaesus ijrnktcje je cnpjrtket la`cscjes mks ba`jna ce`rakscehdy lciùdt. Kitar tma

Qectal Ptktas ce 266< `kddal ijr k ratmceo je rudas hjvareceh tma axpjrt ji aerc`mnaet

kel raprjàssceh ctans ce raspjesa tj tma Omke eatwjro kel 3/;;, ct tjjo tma EPH savae

yakrs tj khraa tj eaw dkehukha ce twj pkrkhrkpms ji tma hucladceas.

K iaw pkrtc`cpkets quastcjeal wmatmar tma `jesaesus ruda wjudl jr smjudl `jetceua

tj ba kppdcal ce tma iutura. \may pjcetal jut tmkt, avae wctmce tma Aurjpake Qecje“k

`jnpkrktcvady mjnjhaejus hrjup ji stktas ce tarns ji tmacr jvarkdd pjdctc`kd, a`jejnc`,kel ta`mejdjhc`kd lavadjpnaet“schec`ket lciiaraeàs mkva anarhal ce la`cscjenkoceh

je cnpjrtket EPH nkttars.

Vkrtc`cpkets wkreal, mjwavar, tmkt kbkeljeceh tma `jesaesus ruda ijr la`cscjenkoceh

wjudl cnpdy tmkt vjduetkry hucladceas tmkt kra ejt k`àptal by kdd pkrtc`cpktceh stktas

wjudl ba dass vckbda ba`kusa sjna stktas nchmt ejt ba wcddceh tj klmara tj hucladceas

tmay lj ejt khraa wctm. \mkt, tmay skcl, wks aspa`ckddy tma `ksa ijr aiijrts by tma hrjup tj

khraa tmkt tma Kllctcjekd Vrjtj`jd smjudl ba k `jelctcje ijr kdd eu`dakr trkla. Ci tmcs wara

la`clal wctmjut k `jesaesus, tmkt `judl dakl sjna stktas tj lavadjp saesctcva `kpkbcdctcas

celchaejusdy jr wctm tma ksscstkeà ji suppdcars ejt kbclceh by EPH hucladceas.

Qdtcnktady, mjwavar, sjna pkrtc`cpkets ce tma wjrosmjp skcl, ct wjudl ba mchmdyuedcoady tmkt tma EPH wjudl kbkelje cts `jesaesus ruda ijr la`cscjenkoceh, ba`kusa

ljceh sj wjudl raqucra kdd pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets ce tma hrjup tj khraa tj tkoa tmkt

stap by `jesaesus.

Jea pkrtc`cpket skcl tmkt lurceh tma dkst la`kla tma EPH–s cetarekd prjàluras mkva

baae rktcjekdczal by k wjroceh hrjup je cetarekd raijrn, ce pkrt tj kllrass tma `mkddaeha

ji ce`raksceh pkrtc`cpktcje. Qetcd 266;, ma skcl, tma EPH mkl k pdaekry kel tmraa jtmar

bjlcas“wjroceh hrjups je trkespkrae`y, lukd-usa `jnnarà, kel ceijrnktcje smkr-

ceh“rueeceh ce pkrkddad. Je tma bkscs ji ra`jnnaelktcjes irjn tma raijrn wjroceh



2= | \ma Iutura ji tma Eu`dakr Puppdcars Hrjup

hrjup, ma skcl, tma nkelkta ji tmasa tmraa bjlcas wks trkesiarral tj k eaw @jesudtktcva

Hrjup. —@urraet wjro cs `krrcal jut by tma pdaekry, by tma @jesudtktcva Hrjup kel cts

Ceijrnktcje Ax`mkeha Naatceh. Ce kllctcje tma EPH `ke flaxcbdy `jevaea wjroceh

hrjups jr mjdl lalc`ktal naatcehs tj lakd wctm spa`c` cssuas, kdd ji tman rapjrtceh tj tma

@jesudtktcva Hrjup.„

Qetcd ejw, tma EPH mks jparktal je tma bkscs ji vjduetkry ̀ jnnctnaets ji pkrtc`cpkt-

ceh hjvarenaets kel wctmjut k sa`ratkrckt. Ce dchmt ji tma kbjva-raiaraeàl la`cscjes by

nkgjr suppdcar stktas sceà ;33= ejt tj rchjrjusdy kppdy tma hucladceas, k iaw pkrtc`cpkets ce

tma wjrosmjp klvkeàl tma clak ji njvceh tma EPH tjwkrl ba`jnceh k njra ijrnkd jrhk-

eczktcje ce wmc`m nanbar stktas wjudl badjeh tj k bjly mkvceh k parnkeaet sa`ratkrckt

kel nkoa dahkddy bcelceh ̀ jnnctnaets tj cnpdanaet tma hucladceas. Ke aeijrànaet prj-

àss nchmt kdsj ba astkbdcsmal, wmc`m ̀ judl axpad stktas tmkt lj ejt kbcla by tma hucladceas.

Cetarvaetcjes by pkrtc`cpkets suhhastal tmkt tmasa claks wcdd dcoady ejt ba tkoae up

by tma hrjup. Jea pkrtc`cpket axprassal tma vcaw tmkt njvceh tjwkrl ba`jnceh k njra

ijrnkd jrhkeczktcje rafla`tceh tma ijrnkd raspjescbcdctcas, lutcas, kel rchmts ji nanbars

wjudl ae`jurkha tma ijrnktcje ji —sub-`jestctuae`cas„ ce tma EPH, kel ce tma iutura par-

mkps avae tma ijrnktcje ji k EKN `mkptar ce tma EPH. —Lj wa wket kdchenaets ce tma

EPH:„ ma ksoal. —\mcs `judl ba k lcskstar. Ci wa rapdc`kta tma QE atmjs cescla tma EPH,

ct–s jvar.„ K``jrlceh tj kejtmar pkrtc`cpket, tma lkehar ji cetarast-hrjup —bdj`s„ anarh-

ceh cescla tma EPH mkl baae pjcetal jut by sjna pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets kel tmae

lcsùssal cetarekddy by raprasaetktcvas jvar tma pkst savarkd yakrs, ce stap wctm eahjtcktcjes

madl by tma EPH ijr aerc`mnaet kel raprjàssceh axpjrt hucladceas. Lurceh tmkt eahjtck-

tcje, kejtmar wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpket skcl tmkt —tmara wks k pjsscbcdcty tmkt ci tma lcsùsscje

hjt jut ji `jetrjd, wa wjudl mkva k iaw `juetrcas khraaceh tj suppjrt k `jnnje pjsctcje

khkcest tma rast.„ Ba`kusa tma eahjtcktcje wks ̀ jeàreal wctm ̀ juetrcas– sjvarache rchmts tjnkoa la`cscjes `jeàreceh tmacr a`jejnc` lavadjpnaet, ma skcl, tmara wks tma pjtaetckd

tmkt tma eahjtcktcje `judl mkva baae lakldjòal kdjeh tma hdjbkd Ejrtm-Pjutm lcvcla.

Jea pkrtc`cpket skcl lurceh tma wjrosmjp tmkt ratkceceh k djjsa jrhkeczktcje wctmjut

bcelceh `jnnctnaets wjudl bast aesura tmkt la`cscjenkoceh wjudl tkoa pdkà je tma

bkscs ji `jnprjncsa batwaae —`jnnje hjkds kel dahctcnkta ektcjekd, ta`mejdjhc`kd, kel

`jnnar`ckd cetarasts„ ji celcvclukd EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets. Ce`rakscehdy daehtmy

eahjtcktcjes je tma `jetaet ji hucladceas, ma skcl, nky ba k radktcvady snkdd prcà tma EPH

nust pky tj prasarva tma hrjup–s pjdctc`kd flaxcbcdcty.

Dcoawcsa, eunarjus pkrtc`cpkets ce tma wjrosmjp klvcsal tmkt ej klvketkhas wjudl

larcva irjn tma astkbdcsmnaet ji k parnkeaet sa`ratkrckt. Qetcd ejw, sa`ratkrckd kelklncecstrktcva lutcas mkva dkrhady baae `krrcal jut by k sj-`kddal —Vjcet ji @jetk`t,„

ùrraetdy kt Gkpke–s Varnkeaet Ncsscje tj tma Cetarektcjekd Jrhkeczktcjes ce Ycaeek.

Pjna pkrtc`cpkets suhhastal tmkt tma Gkpkeasa Ncsscje–s rasjuràs ijr EPH wjro“stkii

kddjtnaet kel iuelceh“wjudl mkva tj ce`raksa, smjudl jutrak`m kel tma s`jpa ji EPH

k`tcvctcas ba iurtmar aedkrhal.



Nkro Mcbbs | 23

Ravcscje ji tma Hucladceas7Aerc`mnaet kel Raprjàssceh

Ce raspjesa tj tma prjdciarktcje `mkddaehas las`rcbal kbjva, by tma ncllda ji tma dkstla`kla tma EPH mkl anbkroal upje k nkgjr aiijrt tj ravcsct cts rudas ijr eu`dakr trkla.

\ma `mkcrnke ji tma @jesudtktcva Hrjup ce 2663 las`rcbal tma tkso ik`ceh tma EPH

ks ijddjws7

\ma rst quastcje tma EPH nust kllrass cs wmatmar tma ùrraet hucladceas kel cetarpratk-

tcjes mkva cnpk`tal tma kbcdcty ji prjdciarkets _sc` ̂ tj k`mcava tmacr eu`dakr knbctcjes7 actmar

by sdjwceh ct ljwe jr nkoceh ct njra lciùdt tj k`qucra eu`dakr hjjls kel ta`mejdjhy.

Pa`jel, tma EPH nust `jesclar mjw tj straehtmae cts hucladceas kel wmkt `mkehas smjudl

ba nkla tj tma `jetrjd dcsts. Icekddy, tma hrjup nust `jesclar eaxt staps, njst ejtkbdy ce

tarns ji sjna vary ravjdutcjekry claks baceh put ijrtm tj aesura tmkt aerc`mnaet kel raprj-

àssceh ta`mejdjhcas kra ejt ncsusal ijr eje-`cvcdcke purpjsas.10

\ma EPH bahke ravcsceh cts hucladceas ijr aerc`mnaet kel raprjàssceh (AER) ce 266<.

K djeh eahjtcktcje ji eaw tarns ji trkla ijr AER wks `je`dulal jea njetm kitar tma

Brussads sancekr wks madl. Jvar tma eaxt iaw yakrs, tma EPH wcdd `krry jut k systanktc`

ravcaw ji cts `jetrjd dcsts, kel, ks wks tma `ksa ijr AER trkla, ct nky kdsj nkoa `mkehas ce

tma `jelctcjes ijr trchhar dcst kel lukd-usa trkesiars.

\ma hucladceas ijr AER kra ijuel ce pkrkhrkpms 9 kel 8 ji Cei`cr`/21< Vkrt C. \ma

ravcscje ji tmasa hucladceas wks cespcral by ravadktcjes ji tma Omke eatwjro–s k`tcvctcas ce

spraklceh àetrciuha aerc`mnaet oejw-mjw irjn Vkocstke tj Crke, Dcbyk, Ejrtm Ojrak,

kel pjsscbda jtmar lastcektcjes bahceeceh ce tma ;3=6s kel tmrjuhm 2660. Qetcd ejw,

tma hucladceas urhal AER ta`mejdjhy mjdlars tj —axar`csa rastrkcet„ ce la`cscjes kbjut

axpjrts. \ma eaw hucladceas astkbdcsm ce kllctcje k eunbar ji spa`c` `jelctcjes tmkt k

ra`cpcaet stkta nust naat tj ba adchcbda ijr AER. \masa kra7

• baceh pkrty tj, kel ce iudd `jnpdckeà wctm, tma EV\?

• ejt baceh subga`t tj la`cscjes by tma CKAK bjkrl ji hjvarejrs tj ralrass skia-

hukrls `jnpdckeà jr skiahukrls cnpdanaetktcje la`cae`cas?

• rapjrtceh tj tma QE Paùrcty @jue`cd uelar QEP@ Rasjdutcje ;1<6 tmkt tma

ra`cpcaet stkta cs cnpdanaetceh ast a`tcva axpjrt `jetrjds?

• `jnncttceh tj CKAK skiaty stkelkrls kel cetarektcjekd eu`dakr skiaty `jevae-

tcjes? kel

• prjvcscje ji khraanaet batwaae tma ra`cpcaet kel suppdcar stkta kssurceh ej

axpdjscva usa, suppdcar–s ratrkesiar `jesaet rchmts, kel ast a`tcva skiahukrls ce

parpatucty.

\ma eaw hucladceas kdsj `kdd je suppdcars, cetar kdck7

• tj mkva k dahkddy bcelceh khraanaet wctm ra`cpcaets tj dcnct key urkecun aerc`m-

naet tj 26 paràet Q-201?




• ejt tj trkesiar key aekbdceh lasche jr nkeuik`turceh ta`mejdjhy? kel

• tj ax`dula rapdc`ktcje by tma ra`cpcaet stkta ji key suppdcal AER ta`mejdjhy jr

aqucpnaet.

Ce pkrtcùdkr, tma eaw hucladceas `kdd upje suppdcars tj raqucra k `jnpramaescva skia-hukrls khraanaet kel ke Kllctcjekd Vrjtj`jd wctm tma CKAK. \mcs raqucranaet ijr

tma Kllctcjekd Vrjtj`jd cs ejt kbsjduta, mjwavar, sceà tma dkehukha ji tma hucladceas

wjudl parnct k suppdcar tj trkesiar AER tj k ra`cpcaet wctmjut ke Kllctcjekd Vrjtj`jd

ci tmkt stkta cs —cnpdanaetceh kpprjprckta skiahukrls khraanaets ce `jjparktcje wctm tma

CKAK, ce`dulceh k rahcjekd k``juetceh kel `jetrjd krrkehanaet ijr eu`dakr nktarckds, ks

kpprjval by tma CKAK bjkrl ji hjvarejrs.„ \mara kra jedy twj su`m rahcjekd krrkeha-

naets7 Aurktjn, ijr tma `juetrcas ji tma Aurjpake Qecje? kel tma Brkzcdcke-Krhaetcea

Khae`y ijr K``juetceh kel @jetrjd ji Eu`dakr Nktarckds (KBK@@). Kdd AQ stktas mkva

ke Kllctcjekd Vrjtj`jd. Brkzcd kel Krhaetcek lj ejt, kel Brkzcd, aspa`ckddy, cs jppjsal tj

tma Kllctcjekd Vrjtj`jd. Eunarjus pkrtc`cpkets ce tma wjrosmjp skcl tmkt Krhaetcek kelBrkzcd wcdd cetarprat tma hucladceas tj nake tmkt tmay lj ejt eaal tj mkva ke Kllctcjekd

Vrjtj`jd tj ba adchcbda ijr AER. Eactmar Brkzcd ejr Krhaetcek nkla k ijrnkd ̀ jnnctnaet

tj mkva ke Kllctcjekd Vrjtj`jd wmae ct khraal tj tma eaw AER hucladceas, kel sjna

pkrtc`cpkets axprassal tma vcaw tmkt tma dkehukha lcl ejt cnpdy tmkt actmar Krhaetcek

jr Brkzcd mkl nkla k `jnnctnaet tj tkoa pkrt ce k prjàss tmkt cetaelal tj rasudt ce ke

Kllctcjekd Vrjtj`jd. \ma dkehukha cs wako, but EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets khraal

tj ct ce jrlar tj rasjdva jbga`tcjes rkcsal by Brkzcd ce tma cetarast ji hattceh khraanaet je

tma jtmar `jelctcjes tmkt kra ejw raqucral ijr AER trkesiars. Ct cs tmajratc`kddy pjsscbda

tmkt twj jr njra stktas wctmjut ke Kllctcjekd Vrjtj`jd `judl `je`dula ke khraanaet

tj ijrn k rahcjekd skiahukrls khraanaet scncdkr tj KBK@@, but ct cs ueàrtkce tmkt tmaCKAK bjkrl ji hjvarejrs wjudl kpprjva ct.

Bahceeceh ce 2660, tma CKAK kel sjna EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets mkva urhal

tmkt iutura urkecun aerc`mnaet prjga`ts ba jrhkeczal ks nudtcdktarkd eu`dakr iuad `y`da

aetarprcsas wmaraby saesctcva ta`mejdjhy cs ejt trkesiarral tj eaw pkrtcas. Lurceh tma

eahjtcktcje ji tma AER hucladceas, k eunbar ji stktas jbga`tal tj prjpjsal dkehukha tmkt

tmay badcaval wjudl prjmcbct tman irjn jbtkceceh rchmts tj AER by `jnpaddceh tman tj

sat up iutura prjga`ts je tma bkscs ji k —bdkò bjx„ krrkehanaet, k``jrlceh tj wmc`m tma

stkta lapdjyceh tma aerc`mnaet ta`mejdjhy wjudl ejt jwe but wjudl daksa tma ta`mejdjhy

ijr usa irjn ke astkbdcsmal ta`mejdjhy mjdlar. \ma ekd taxt ji tma eaw hucladceas ljas

ejt raqucra —bdkò bjxceh„ ji AER ta`mejdjhy ce eaw prjga`ts, but ct strjehdy ae`jur-

khas ta`mejdjhy mjdlars ejt tj smkra AER wctm eaw pkrtears kel prjvclas ijr k va-yakr

ravcaw ji tma AER hucladceas `jeàreceh urkecun aerc`mnaet tj k``jnnjlkta `jn-

nar`ckd kel ta`mejdjhy lavadjpnaets, aspa`ckddy key traels tmkt nchmt prjnpt k stkta tj

cetael tj lavadjp ke aerc`mnaet ̀ kpkbcdcty je tma bkscs ji ta`mejdjhy ct sjuhmt tj k`qucra

kel ejt daksa.

Pceà jbtkceceh tma axàptcje irjn tma iudd-s`jpa skiahukrls `jelctcje ce 266=, Celck

ae`jurkhal EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets ejt tj kljpt tma raqucranaet tmkt ra`cpcaets



Nkro Mcbbs | 0;

ji AER nust ba EV\ pkrtcas. Pjna pkrtc`cpkets kt tma wjrosmjp suhhastal tmkt, kitar

tma axàptcje wks kwkrlal tj Celck“kel kitar ct ba`kna kppkraet tmkt @mcek kcnal tj

axpjrt eu`dakr pjwar rak`tjrs tj Vkocstke“sjna EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets wara

njra ce`dceal tj ikvjr EV\ nanbarsmcp ks k raqucranaet ijr AER, ce pkrt tj lanje-

strkta tmkt tma axàptcje tma EPH prjvclal ijr Celck ce 266= wks k scehudkr jea.

\ma EPH–s Raspjesa tj ke AvjdvcehHdjbkd Eu`dakr \rkla Rahcna

Papkrktady irjn tma lcsùsscje ji tma AER hucladceas, tma EPH cs ejw anbkroceh je k

ravcaw ji tma `jetaet ji cts `jetrjd dcsts ijr eu`dakr kel lukd-usa ctans. K``jrlceh tj jea

pkrtc`cpket ce tma wjrosmjp, tma EPH ijrasaas k tmraa-yakr tcnadcea ijr ravcawceh tma dcsts.

\mcs wcdd ejt ba tma rst tcna tmkt tma dcsts mkva baae subga`t tj ravcaw kel kdtarktcje,

but ct wcdd ba tma rst tcna tmkt k `jnpramaescva ravcaw ji tma dcsts wcdd ba uelartkoae.Ce tma pkst, ejeprjdciarktcje ikcduras“su`m ks tma jea wmc`m ce ;38< dal tj tma `raktcje

ji tma EPH ce tma rst pdkà“prjnptal tma EPH tj knael cts dcsts tj ce`dula kel tj

nkoa njra pra`csa `jetrjds je spa`c` ctans. Qetcd CKAK cespa`tcjes ce Crkq, bahceeceh

ce ;33;, ravakdal tma axtaet tj wmc`m Crkq mkl tkppal ijrache sjuràs ijr lukd-usa hjjls

tj iurtmar cts `dkelastcea eu`dakr prjhrkn, njst `juetrcas, ce`dulceh eakrdy kdd EPH pkr-

tc`cpkets, mkl ej eu`dakr lukd-usa `jetrjd dcsts. \ma EPH `raktal su`m k dcst ce ;332,

pubdcsmal ks Cei`cr` 21</Rav.;/Vkrt CC. Ct jrchcekddy `jetkceal 91 ctans but mks baae sub-

stketckddy axpkelal kel adkbjrktal ce latkcd. \ma njst raàet ji achmt su`àsscva varscjes

wks `jnpdatal kel pubdcsmal ce 26;6.

Ce pkrkddad wctm tma ̀ raktcje ji tma lukd-usa dcst, tma EPH, kdsj lurceh tma ;336s, uelar-tjjo k ravcscje kel uplkta ji tma trchhar dcst tj brceh tma EPH dcst cetj dcea wctm tma Wkehhar

@jnncttaa trchhar dcst, wmc`m mkl baae ravcsal lurceh tma pravcjus twj la`klas tj ce`dula

eaw ctans kel laea axcstceh ctans njra pra`csady. \ma kllctcjes nkla by tma Wkehhar

@jnncttaa ce`dulal makvy wktar pdkets (ce ;388, ce raspjesa tj tma EPH mkvceh ce`dulal

tmcs ctan je cts trchhar dcst), ijddjwal by `dkrc`ktcjes ijr hks àetrciuha kel hksajus lciiu-

scje urkecun aerc`mnaet, raprjàssceh, makvy wktar prjlu`tcje, prcnkry `jjdceh punps

ce rak`tjrs, urkecun axpjrts, kel urkecun kel pdutjecun ̀ jevarscje aqucpnaet.

Xmcda ce tma pkst tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa mkl `krrcal jut tma uplktceh ji tma trchhar

dcst, sceà kbjut 2666, jea pkrtc`cpket skcl, tma EPH mks ba`jna raspjescbda ijr uplktceh

bjtm tma trchhar kel lukd-usa dcsts, dakvceh tj tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa tma tkso ji mkrnj-

eczceh cts trchhar dcst wctm tma jea uplktal by tma EPH. Qetcd ejw, ma skcl, —tmara wara

ncejr njlc`ktcjes ji tma EPH dcst, tmjuhm ct wks eavar `jnpramaescvady uplktal.„ Kt

tma 26;6 EPH pdaekry naatceh, ct wks khraal by pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets tmkt tma EPH

dcsts wjudl ba `jnpramaescvady ravcawal. \ma Wkehhar @jnncttaa wcdd mkrnjecza cts dcst

wctm tma uplktal EPH dcst.

\ma EPH dcst ravcaw cs baceh `jjrlcektal by k Lalc`ktal Naatceh ji \a`mec`kd

Axparts (LN\A), `mkcral by ke ji`ckd irjn tma Eatmardkels, wmc`m wcdd rapjrt cts




rasudts tj tma @jesudtktcva Hrjup. \ma LN\A mks la`clal tj kllrass bjtm tma Vkrt C

kel Vkrt CC hucladceas ks k wmjda kel mks sat up savae tmanktc` hrjups, ak`m ji wmc`m wcdd

mkva k `jjrlcektjr7

•

rak`tjr ta`mejdjhy • csjtjpa sapkrktcje ta`mejdjhy

• raprjàssceh ta`mejdjhy

• wakpjeczktcje ta`mejdjhy

• iuad ikbrc`ktcje ta`mejdjhy

• celustrckd aqucpnaet

• ncsàddkeajus/jtmar

\mcs tmanktc` kpprjk`m, jea pkrtc`cpket skcl, cnpdcas tmkt tma rasudt ji tma ravcaw `judl

ba substketckd, ce`dulceh tma pjsscbcdcty ji k scehda `jetrjd dcst, wmc`m wjudl claetciy spa-`c` ctans tmkt wjudl trchhar CKAK skiahukrls.

\ma `jnpcdktcje ji k scehda EPH dcst wjudl parnct eu`dakr suppdcars tj raqucra iudd-

s`jpa skiahukrls ijr k subhrjup ji hjjls tmkt kra claetcal ks saesctcva kel radavket ijr

prjdciarktjrs– eu`dakr wakpjes prjhrkns. \mkt wjudl ce`dula ctans usal ce k eu`dakr

wakpje“ijr axknpda, ctans ijr prjlu`tcje ji tma dctmcun-9 csjtjpa jr trctcun“tmkt

wjudl ejt ba ce`dulal je tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa–s trchhar dcst ba`kusa tmay kra ejt ALV

ctans kel tmaraijra ejt subga`t tj ̀ jetrjd uelar EV\ Krtc`da CCC.2. Pu`m ctans wjudl kdsj

ce`dula spa`c` ta`mejdjhcas“ijr axknpda, vjrtax ta`mejdjhy ejrnkddy usal ijr prjlu`-

tcje ji scdc`je csjtjpas“dcoawcsa ejt `jesclaral ALV ctans but stcdd saesctcva ba`kusa

tmay `ke ba kppdcal tj aerc`m urkecun.Pjna pkrtc`cpkets suhhastal tmkt, ks tma EPH–s ravcaw ji tma dcsts hats uelar wky, tma

hrjup wjudl dcoady ce aiia`t kbkelje tma ALV `ktahjry ks k ykrlstcò kdtjhatmar. Ljceh

tmkt, tmay skcl, wjudl nkoa k lcsùsscje knjeh EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets kel tma

nanbars ji tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa ̀ jeàreceh tma iutura rjda ji tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa

njra eaàsskry, sceà uelar EV\ Krtc`da CCC.2(b) tma ALV `jelctcje axprassdy trchhars

skiahukrls kel ba`kusa tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa wks axprassdy astkbdcsmal tj claetciy tma

ALV ctans.

Pjna pkrtc`cpkets ce tma wjrosmjp axprassal tma vcaw tmkt, jvar kel kbjva tma quas-

tcje ji mjw tma EPH rajrhkeczas tma Vkrt C kel Vkrt CC dcsts, ji ikr hraktar schec`keà

cs k njra bksc` la`cscje tma EPH nust nkoa kbjut wmatmar tj kspcra tj `jnpramaescva

dcstceh ji hjjls jr cestakl ijùs je aiia`tcva cnpdanaetktcje ji k smjrtar dcst, kt tma skna

tcna radyceh ce`rakscehdy upje pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets– axpjrt `jetrjd dahcsdktcje kel

aeijrànaet naksuras tj dd ce tma hkps. Pkcl jea pkrtc`cpket, ci tma EPH ijddjws tma dkt-

tar `jursa, ct wjudl ce`rakscehdy rady je aiia`tcva cnpdanaetktcje ji tma `kt`m-kdd ruda tj

pravaet ejedcstal ctans irjn baceh prjùral by prjdciarktjrs.

Celapaelaet ji aiijrts by tma EPH tj ravcsa cts `jetrjd dcsts, sjna wjrosmjp pkr-

tc`cpkets suhhastal tmkt tma EPH smjudl `jjrlcekta kel spjesjr ke aiijrt tj nkoa



Nkro Mcbbs | 00

tma `kt`m-kdd prjvcscjes ji cts pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets njra rchjrjus. Ce pkrtcùdkr,

jea pkrtc`cpket prjpjsal k —laapaeceh„ ji tma EPH–s `kt`m-kdd prjvcscjes by kljptceh

njra adkbjrkta kel `jnpramaescva `kt`m-kdd prjvcscjes ce AQ axpjrt `jetrjd hucladceas.

\mcs pkrtc`cpket kdsj klvcsal tmkt ct wjudl ba njra ai`caet kel ikstar ijr tma EPH tj

straehtmae cts `kt`m-kdd na`mkecsn tmke tj schec`ketdy knael tma dcsts, sceà `jesclar-

kbda tcna nky ba eaalal ijr pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets tj khraa je eaw hucladceas kel

tmae tj pkss tman cetj ektcjekd dkw.

Pjna `juetrcas ce tma hrjup ce raàet yakrs mkva `krrcal jut k ravcaw ji tmacr `kt`m-kdd

krrkehanaets kel ijuel la`cts, kel knjeh EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets tmara cs

k eaal ijr mkrnjeczktcje ji tma krrkehanaets kel, sjna pkrtc`cpkets skcl, ijr ke EPH

khraanaet ijr smkrceh laeckd ceijrnktcje knjeh ektcjekd kutmjrctcas.

K ijùs je aemkeànaet ji tma `kt`m-kdd prjvcscje wks ikvjral by sjna wjrosmjp pkr-

tc`cpkets ba`kusa, ks jea skcl, ce tma iutura, prjdciarktjrs wcdd ce`rakscehdy `jeàetrkta je

jbtkceceh ctans tmkt kra ejedcstal. \mcs pkrtc`cpket skcl7

Pmjudl tma EPH ce tma iutura spael cts rasjuràs by oaapceh cts dcsts up tj lkta kel `jn-

pramaescva, jr smjudl ct `rakta k na`mkecsn tj njra qucòdy kel aiia`tcvady rak`t: \ma jedy

wky tj lj tmcs cs tj mkva k battar `kt`m-kdd prjvcscje uedass yju mkva sjna ocel ji rak`tcva

na`mkecsn ce tma hucladceas tmkt uplktas dcsts vary ikst. But ce jea `ksa k scehda ctan `judl

mkva k vary mchm prjdciarktcje prjda wmcda ce kejtmar `ksa ct nky ejt. Pjnatcnas ct cs ejt

kdwkys usaiud tj dcst kdd tma ctans ba`kusa tmara cs k pjtaetckd rcso tmkt, ce àrtkce sctuktcjes,

ke ctan nchmt ba tmaraby claetcal kel usal by prjdciarktjrs.

\maraijra ci tma EPH `kt`m-kdd prjvcscje wara tj ba adkbjrktal kel ce`rakscehdy radcal

upje, tma hrjup —eaals tj lcsùss wmatmar `jesudtktcjes smjudl ba raqucral„ `jeàreceh

mjw kel wmae tma `kt`m-kdd prjvcscje cs cnpdanaetal ce spa`c` `ksas.

But kejtmar pkrtc`cpket strjehdy lcskhraal wctm tmcs kssassnaet. —\mara cs k pdkà ce

tma EPH ijr k `kt`m-kdd `dkusa but ct cs k vary dcnctal pdkà,„ ma skcl. —\ma dcsts kra tmara

tj `rakta k davad pdkyceh adl kel tma `kt`m-kdd `dkusa cs ejt pkrt ji tmkt davad pdkyceh adl.„

Cestakl, ma skcl, tma `kt`m-kdd prjvcscje cs ke cestrunaet kt tma lcspjskd ji ektcjekd hjv-

arenaets, kel mjw kel wmae ct cs cevjoal wcdd lapael je k sjvarache stkta–s gulhnaet

je tma bkscs ji k tmrakt kssassnaet. \mcs pkrtc`cpket skcl ma lcl ejt ikvjr axpkelceh tma

`kt`m-kdd prjvcscje.

Xjrosmjp pkrtc`cpkets kdsj lcsùssal tma `mkddaeha ikàl by tma EPH ce lakdceh wctm

tma avjdutcje ji hdjbkd eu`dakr trkla. Ppa`c`kddy, ksoal jea, mjw nu`m aiijrt smjudl

tma EPH kppdy tj kllrass trkla brjoarceh kel trkessmcpnaet cssuas: \ma ik`t tmkt tma

vjduna ji trkla cs `jestketdy hrjwceh cs kejtmar raksje, jea pkrtc`cpket skcl, tj prjba—wmatmar jur dcsts smjudl ba parncttal tj hat djehar kel njra latkcdal.„ Kejtmar pkrtc`c-

pket khraal7 —Xa oejw tmkt _ùstjns kutmjrctcas^ kra kbda tj pmysc`kddy `jetrjd dass tmke

2 paràet ji wmkt cs hjceh tmrjuhm. Ct–s ejt tmkt tmay kra ceai`caet? ct–s k quastcje ji tma

knjuet ji trkla.„

Celustry pkrtc`cpkets kt tma wjrosmjp skcl tmkt, ce kllctcje tj tma eunbar ji eu`dakr

suppdcars ce`raksceh ce tma iutura, tma eunbar ji dcàeskbda trkesk`tcjes wcdd kdsj ce`raksa,

ba`kusa tma eu`dakr celustry —nky ba subga`t tj njra typas ji hdjbkdczktcje tmke wmkt wa




mkva saae ce jtmar celustrcas,„ ks jea pkrtc`cpket skcl. Ba`kusa eu`dakr prjga`ts kra hattceh

njra kel njra axpaescva kel aetkcd hrakt pjdctc`kd kel a`jejnc` rcso, ce tma iutura tmara

wcdd ba njra kel njra `jnpdax cetarektcjekd jwe-

arsmcp kel jutsjur`ceh ji pkrtc`cpktcje ce prjga`ts.

—\ma ce`raksa ce tma vjduna ji dcàeskbda trkesk`-

tcjes kel kdsj tma `mkeha ce tma cetarektcjekdczk-

tcje ji tma celustry wjudl ba k sarcjus `mkddaeha

ijr axpjrt `jetrjd gust tmrjuhm tma vjduna ji wjro

tmkt eaals tj ba ljea,„ jea vaeljr axaùtcva skcl.

\ma eunbar ji stkii kt mcs rn ksscheal tj axpjrt

dcàesa prjàssceh, ma skcl, mks ljubdal lurceh tma

pkst tae yakrs.

Vkrtc`cpkets skcl tmkt, kpkrt irjn tma ketc`cpktal

hrjwtm ce vjduna ce eu`dakr trkla kel tma ce`raksceh

`jnpdaxcty ji prjga`t jutsjur`ceh, tma twj njst cnpjrtket ̀ mkddaehas radktal tj tma avjdv-

ceh ektura ji eu`dakr trkla kra trkesct kel brjoarceh, kel cetkehcbda ta`mejdjhy trkesiar.

Qetcd ejw, njst hdjbkd eu`dakr `jnnarà mks fljwal kdjeh pralc`tkbda trkla rjutas.

Jea pkrtc`cpket axpdkceal7

Xmkt nkttars cs smcppceh laescty, kel tma vkst nkgjrcty ji tmcs trkla cs by sak. Ejt surprcs-

cehdy, tma `juetrcas ji `jeàre kra k`tukddy dj`ktal vary `djsa tj tma smcppceh kel trkes-

smcpnaet mubs kel kdsj suppdcar `juetrcas. \mara cs k hajhrkpmc`kd `jrradktcje batwaae tma

`juetrcas mkvceh kel wketceh eu`dakr pjwar, je tma jea mkel, kel tma cetarektcjekd smcp-

pceh dkeas, je tma jtmar. Pj tma suppdy ji tmjsa hjjls, tma njvanaets ji tmjsa hjjls, tma

kbcdcty tj sjurà tmjsa hjjls, tj lcvart tman, kdsj `jce`clas wctm kdd tma trkesct kel trkes-

smcpnaet mubs, maeà jur jbsasscje wctm tmjsa pdkàs jvar tma dkst iaw yakrs.

\ma `mkddaeha ji `jpceh wctm brjoarceh kel trkesctceh kra ijrnclkbda, jea pkrtc`cpket

wkreal. Qetcd gust baijra tma QE Paùrcty @jue`cd cnpjsal trkla rastrc`tcjes je Crke,

ma skcl,

Xa wjudl saa k vassad daksal by ke Crkecke smcppceh dcea irjn k Hraao khaet tmkt wks

njrthkhal tj k Harnke bkeo kel flkhhal ce tma Csda ji Nke, kel tma vassad cs trkespjrtceh

wakpjes ji nkss lastru`tcje hjjls irjn Ejrtm Ojrak tj Crke. Xmkt `ke yju lj: Xmj cs

raspjescbda: Xmkt kutmjrctcas lj yju mkva: Ce su`m k `ksa ct–s eakrdy cnpjsscbda.

Ma hkva kejtmar axknpda ji mjw tma wjrdl ji cetarektcjekd eu`dakr trkla mks avjdval7

Mjw cs cetarektcjekd trkla `mkehceh tma tmrakt wa ikà : Irjn kbjut 26;1 jewkrls k XNLprjhrkn wcdd sjurà uedcstal nktarckd irjn yjur `juetry tj k ircaeldy `juetry? tmara–s actmar

ej eaal ijr k dcàesa, jr k dcàesa wc dd ba hcvae vary akscdy. Ct wcdd tmae hj tj kejtmar `juetry,

tj k prjùranaet jrhkeczktcje? ct wcdd tmae ikbrc`kta sjnatmceh tmkt prjbkbdy wjudl ba

`jetrjddal, but ce tmkt stkta tmay lje–t mkva tma ̀ jetrjds sj ct ljase–t nkttar, kel tmae ct hjas

tj tma ael usar ji `jeàre. Ct wcdd ba mkppaeceh k dd tma tcna, avary lky… . Mjw `ke Crke

dkue`m sktaddctas kel mkva tma eu`dakr prjhrkn ct mks: Ba`kusa ji tma dkò ji `jetrjds wjrdl-

wcla. \mcs cs k hdjbkdczal a`jejny? wmkt yju `ke buy ce tma QO yju `ke buy ce Nkdkysck

jr Celjeasck jr Mjeh Ojeh jr @mcek, ej prjbdan.

Ba`kusa eu`dakr prjga`ts kra hattceh

njra kel njra axpaescva kel aetkcd

hrakt pjdctc`kd kel a`jejnc` rcso, ce tma

iutura tmara wcdd ba njra kel njra

`jnpdax cetarektcjekd jwearsmcp kel

jutsjur`ceh ji pkrtc`cpktcje ce prjga`ts.



Nkro Mcbbs | 01

\ma axtaescje ji eu`dakr trkla k`tcvctcas cetj s`jras ji `juetrcas wmc`m tmansadvas kra

ejt pkrtc`cpktceh ce tma EPH kel ce njst `ksas mkva ej trua eu`dakr celustrcas jr avae

axparcaeà wctm `jetrjddceh axpjrts wks cdduncektal by tma ravadktcjes ji tma hdjbkd rak`m

ji tma Omke eatwjro. \mjsa ravadktcjes ce 266< prjnptal tma QE Paùrcty @jue`cd

tj pkss k rasjdutcje uelar @mkptar YCC ji tma QE @mkrtar `jnpaddceh kdd ;32 `juetrcas

ce tma QE systan tj njlciy tmacr ektcjekd dahcsdktcje kel klncecstrktcjes tj put cetj

pdkà kel aeijrà dahkd naksuras tj pravaet prjdciarktcje ji wakpjes ji nkss lastru`tcje.

QEP@ Rasjdutcje ;1<6 astkbdcsmal ke kl mj` `jnncttaa `jnprcsceh kdd itaae nanbars

ji tma QE Paùrcty @jue`cd tj njectjr tma cnpdanaetktcje ji tma rasjdutcje.

Xjrosmjp pkrtc`cpkets skcl tmkt lktk k`ùnudktal by tma ;1<6 @jnncttaa, bksal je

ektcjekd hjvarenaet rapjrts je tmacr axpjrt ̀ jetrjd systans kel prk`tcàs, mchmdchmtal tma

schec`ket lciiaraeàs batwaae tma stkta ji eu`dakr axpjrt `jetrjds ce EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh

`juetrcas kel ̀ jelctcjes ce njst ji tma ;<9 stktas ce tma QE systan wmc`m kra ejt pkrtc`c-

pktceh ce tma EPH. EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets mkl, tmay skcl, tkoae nkey naksuras

tj `jnpdy wctm Rasjdutcje ;1<6, but nkey jtmar hjvarenaets mkl ejt.

Pkcl jea pkrtc`cpket, tma ;1<6 @jnncttaa —saas tmkt EPH nanbars k`tukddy lj mkva

`jetrjds ce pdkà, ce`dulceh `kt`m-kdd kel je cetkehcbda trkesiars. But wmae yju dakva tma

EPH wjrdl, ueijrtuektady, yju saa k tjtkddy lciiaraet pc`tura. Ejt jedy lj k dkrha eunbar

ji stktas mkva ej axpjrt `jetrjds, but tmara–s k stcdd snkddar eunbar ji `juetrcas tmkt k`tu-

kddy mkva `jetrjd dcsts„ ce tmacr rahudktcjes kel dkws. Njrajvar, tmasa `juetrcas —nchmt

mkva sjna sjrt ji axpjrt `jetrjds but ej wky ji claetciyceh wmkt `jnnjlcty tmay–ra sup-

pjsal tj ba djjoceh ijr.„

Pj ikr, pkrtc`cpkets skcl, tma EPH mks ljea dcttda ks k hrjup tj kllrass cssuas rkcsal by

tma hrjwtm ji trkessmcpnaet kel trkla brjoarceh ce tma eu`dakr sa`tjr. Jea pkrtc`cpket

skcl7 —Xa kpprjval ce 2663 k nkelkta tj stkrt tj lakd wctm brjoarceh kel trkesct, buttma wjro cs kt k vary akrdy stkha ji labkta. Pjna ljùnaets kra baceh prasaetal, but wa–ra

ejt tmara yat.„

K sa`jel nkgjr `mkddaeha tj tma hrjup“cetkehcbda ta`mejdjhy trkesiar (C\\)“wks

kdsj uelars`jral by ravadktcjes irjn tma Omke eatwjro, ks wa mkva saae kbjva.

K``jrlceh tj jea wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpket, tma EPH wks tma rst nudtcdktarkd axpjrt

`jetrjd krrkehanaet tj kllrass tma cssuas ji ta`mejdjhy (ks lcstce`t irjn aqucpnaet jr

nktarckd) trkesiar. But ks cs tma `ksa ijr brjoarceh, ma skcl, tma EPH —mks ejt tkoae up

tma `mkddaeha tmrjwe ljwe by tma Omke eatwjro ce ada`trjec`kddy rapdc`ktceh kel trkes-

iarrceh saesctcva lasche ceijrnktcje, kel tma laectcje ji ta`mejdjhy ce bjtm _Vkrt C kel

Vkrt CC^ hucladceas cs jut ji lkta.„Mjw bch k tmrakt C\\ cs tj tma ejeprjdciarktcje rahcna, kejtmar pkrtc`cpket skcl, cs

lciùdt tj kssass ba`kusa ct cs axtranady lciùdt tj lata`t7

\ma rakdcty ji C\\ cs tmkt yju wcdd lcs`jvar tmcs actmar ba`kusa tma aetctcas kra saaoceh tj

`jnpdy jr ba`kusa tmay _kitar k trkesk`tcje cs `je`dulal^ ijuel tmansadvas tmkt tmay nkla

k ncstkoa kel sj tmay `jna tj yju kel sky, djjo, wa–va ljea tmcs, vary sjrry, sj ejw wa–va

put ce pdkà `jetrjds je ct tj aesura ct ljase–t mkppae khkce.




\ma EPH, ma skcl, eaals tj la`cla —mjw ikr tj hj ce ce`dulceh C\\ ce cts nkelkta,

ba`kusa wmcda njst ji tma EPH–s wjro mks baae ce tma krak ji `jnnjlcty dcsts, kt tma

njnaet ct cs tma ta`mejdjhy tmkt cs prjbkbdy ce eaal ji tma hraktast `jetrjd.„

But ci tma EPH njvas ce tmcs lcra`tcje, kejtmar pkrtc`cpket skcl, ct wcdd mkva tj

straehtmae cts `jjparktcje kel ceijrnktcje ax`mkeha wctm aeijrànaet khae`cas kel

celustry, —ba`kusa tma jedy wky yju `ke `jetrjd C\\ cs tmrjuhm tmjsa aetctcas tmkt mkva

ct, tmay mkva tj mkva cetarekd ̀ jnpdckeà prjàssas tj aesura tma ta`mejdjhy cs saùral kel

tmkt tmay lje–t brak`m ̀ jetrjds, kel tmkt wmjavar mks tma raspjescbcdcty ijr aeijrànaet“

sjnatcnas ct cs k dcàesceh kutmjrcty kel sjnatcnas ùstjns“ljas rahudkr kulcts.„ Njra

kttaetcje eaals tj ba lavjtal tj mjw ̀ jnpkecas ra`jrl kel njectjr ta`mejdjhy trkesiars,

aspa`ckddy cetarekddy. —Pj yju mkva k sàekrcj wmara tma `jnpkey ljas ejt oaap ra`jrls

ba`kusa dahkddy tmay lje–t mkva tj, kel ci tmay lje–t oaap ra`jrls, wmkt `ke ke kulctjr lj:

Ke kulctjr ljase–t oejw wmkt ma `ke–t oejw.„

EPH jutrak`m tj ta`mejdjhy mjdlars ce cts pkrtc`cpktceh `juetrcas wjudl ba baea`ckd,

kejtmar wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpket skcl. —Yary sadljn lj yju mkva rahudktjrs jr kulctjrs wmj

rakddy oejw wmkt tmay kra djjoceh ijr ce tarns ji ctans wmc`m kra je `jetrjd dcsts, dat

kdjea cetkehcbda trkesiars.„ Pkcl jea celustry raprasaetktcva, —Ijr C\\, pravaetcje cs tma

bast aeijrànaet, kel je C\\ `jetrjds nkoceh tma `jnpkecas kwkra cs tma oay tj pra-

vaetceh C\\ ba`kusa yju `ke–t rakddy `jetrjd tma trkesiars tmansadvas, jr kt dakst ct–s vary

mkrl tj lj.„ Ci EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets —lj jutrak`m ce tmcs krak, tmay mkva tj

tadd tma `jnpkecas tmkt ct cs ce tmacr cetarast tj hj tmrjuhm tma prjpar `mkeeads, ba`kusa ci

tmay lje–t tmae tmacr hjvarenaet `keejt hukrketaa kel prjta`t tmacr cetadda`tukd prjparty

rchmts ce `ksa tma ta`mejdjhy cs trkesiarral. \mkt cs sjnatmceh tmkt nkoas tma `jnpkecas

saa tma rktcjekda kel tmacr `jnnar`ckd cetarast ce `jnpdckeà.„

Jutscla tma EPH, k``jrlceh tj QE Paùrcty @jue`cd lktk, jea pkrtc`cpket skcl, ;06stktas mkva ej `jetrjds je cetkehcbda ta`mejdjhy trkesiar. Ks ijr `jetrjds je brjoarceh,

trkla eke`ceh, kel trkespjrt sarvcàs ijr trkla, ̀ jetrjds kra kdsj dkrhady ncssceh ce tmasa

`juetrcas.

Klgustceh tj ke Avjdvceh Eu`dakr \rkla Rahcna

• \ma EPH smjudl strjehdy `jesclar axtaelceh tj kdd eu`dakr trkla spa`c` `jelctcjes tmkt

wara kllal tj tma hucladceas ijr AER `jnnarà ks kpprjval by tma EPH ce Guea.

• \ma EPH smjudl raqucra ks `jelctcjes ijr key ratrkesiar ji ctans by ra`cpcaet stktas tj k

tmcrl pkrty tma skna `jelctcjes tmkt kppdy ce tma jrchcekd bcdktarkd suppdy khraanaet ba-

twaae tma suppdcar kel tma ra`cpcaet stkta.

• \ma EPH smjudl `jesclar astkbdcsmceh `jnnje ejeprjdciarktcje kel axpjrt `jetrjd stke-

lkrls ijr pkrtc`cpktceh suppdcar stktas tmkt wjudl parnct axpalctcjus axpjrt dcàesceh ji

axpjrtars wctm k ra`jrl ji `jjparktcje kel `jnpdckeà.



Nkro Mcbbs | 08

\ma EPH kel tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa

\ma vary axcstaeà ji tma EPH rkcsal quastcjes kbjut tma iutura rjda ji tma Wkehhar

@jnncttaa ks akrdy ks ;388, wmae tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa kljptal cetj cts trchhar dcst

ke ctan tmkt mkl pravcjusdy baae ce`dulal je tma EPH–s jwe eaw dcst. Aspa`ckddy bahce-

eceh ce ;332, wmae tma EPH wks rasus`ctktal kitar tma Hudi Xkr, ji`ckds raspjescbda ijr

bjtm hrjups mkva `jesclaral wmatmar, wmy, kel mjw tma twj nudtcdktarkd eu`dakr axpjrt`jetrjd krrkehanaets wjudl `jetceua tj axcst ce pkrkddad. Lurceh tma ;336s, tma djeh-

sarvceh Wkehhar @jnncttaa `mkcrnke, Irctz P`mnclt ji Kustrck, krhual tmkt tma EPH

smjudl ijùs je lukd-usa axpjrt `jetrjds, dakvceh tj tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa, je bamkdi

ji tma CKAK, tma gjb ji `jetceuceh tj ravcaw tma trchhar dcst. P`mnclt kdsj krhual tmkt tma

CKAK–s rjda ce nudtcdktarkd axpjrt `jetrjds wjudl ba ce`raksal ci kdd stktas wjudl klmara tj

tma Kllctcjekd Vrjtj`jd.1<

• \ma EPH smjudl astkbdcsm ke cetarekd wjroceh hrjup jr ijrun lurceh tma uplktceh ji tma

dcsts tj `jjrlcekta k raspjesa tj prassura irjn pkrtc`cpktceh `juetrcas– celustrcas tj ranjva

spa`c` ctans irjn `jetrjd dcsts.• \ma EPH smjudl mjdl k ijrnkd lcsùsscje knjeh pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets je astkbdcsm-

ceh tma lascral bkdkeà batwaae radckeà je knaelal `jetrjd dcsts kel radckeà je ektcjekd

hjvarenaets– cnpdanaetktcje ji tma `kt`m-kdd prjvcscje.

• \ma EPH smjudl mjdl k `kt`m-kdd wjrosmjp wctm pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets– ùstjns kel

axpjrt `jetrjd kutmjrctcas. \mcs smjudl ljùnaet tmkt, `jnpkral tj tma klncecstrktcje ji

EPH `jetrjd dcsts, tma cnpdanaetktcje ji tma `kt`m-kdd cs `jnpkrktcvady lciùdt, kel subga`t

tj ueàrtkcetcas. \ma EPH smjudl aesura tmkt iaalbkò irjn tmcs lcsùsscje cs prjvclal tj

LN\A ijr usa ce ravcsceh `jetrjd dcsts.

• \ma EPH smjudl `jelu`t k rchjrjus `jnpkrktcva axkncektcje ji tma `kt`m-kdd prjvcscjes ce

kdd nanbar stktas wctm tma hjkd ji mkrnjeczceh kel nkxcnczceh tma aiia`tcvaeass ji tmkt

prjvcscje, tkoceh klvketkha ji `kt`m-kdd ravcaws `krrcal jut by pkrtc`cpktceh stktas.

• \ma EPH smjudl `jesclar lrkitceh kel kljptceh k @jla ji @jelu`t ijr suppdcars tj

raceijrà ejeprjdciarktcje ejrns. \mcs ljùnaet smjudl kdsj rakirn pkrtc`cpktceh hjv-

arenaets– `jnnctnaet tj stktas– rchmts tj aehkha ce cetarektcjekd eu`dakr `jnnarà ks

axprassal ce bjtm EV\ Krtc`da CY kel ce tma CKAK Ptktuta.

• \ma EPH smjudl `jesudt wctm jtmar nudtcdktarkd axpjrt `jetrjd krrkehanaets kel aeijrà-

naet prk`tctcjears tj raelar eaw hucladceas njra aiia`tcva kel usar-ircaeldy.

• \ma EPH smjudl astkbdcsm k ijrun jr na`mkecsn ce tma EPH tj `jjrlcekta kel mkrnjecza

tma cetrjlu`tcje ji tma eaw hucladceas cetj ektcjekd dkw ce pkrtc`cpktceh stktas tj pravaet

—hucladcea smjppceh„ by prjdciarktjrs.

• \ma EPH smjudl axpalcta tma cetarekd lcsùsscje ji ijrnudktceh kel tmae cnpdanaetceh tma

EPH–s raspjesa tj tma `mkddaehas ji trkla-brjoarceh kel C\\.




\ma EPH kel tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa

\ma ravcscje ji tma EPH hucladceas kel `jetrjd dcsts nky rasudt ce k iurtmar lapkrtura by tma EPH

irjn tma tarns ji raiaraeà ji EV\ axpjrt `jetrjds. \ma EPH cs `jesclarceh `jnbceceh tma Vkrt

C kel Vkrt CC `jetrjd dcsts kel `jnpcdceh k scehda `jetrjd dcst tmkt wjudl claetciy njra ctans kel

ta`mejdjhcas raqucrceh skiahukrls kel jtmar `jelctcjes ijr axpjrt tmke tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa

trchhar dcst. \ma iutura ji tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa `judl ba prjijueldy kiia`tal, smjudl, ks sjna

pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets ketc`cpkta, tma jehjceh ravcaw ji EPH `jetrjd dcsts ce aiia`t kbkeljes

tma ALV `jelctcje ks k ykrlstcò jr raiaraeà.

• \ma EPH smjudl axpdjra jptcjes ijr iutura `jddkbjrktcje wctm tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa,

wmc`m wcdd `jetceua ks ke cetarpratcva krrkehanaet ijr EV\ skiahukrls sj djeh ks klmar-

aeà tj tma EPH hucladceas by kdd EV\ pkrtcas cs ejt uecvarskd.

• \ma EPH ce cts ladcbarktcjes smjudl `jesclar tmkt EPH la`cscjenkoceh kel pjdc`cas nky

schec`ketdy `mkddaeha tma `jetceual axcstaeà ji tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa.

• \ma EPH kel tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa `judl jrhkecza gjcet ksscstkeà tj QE nanbar stktas

tj `jnpdy wctm QEP@ Rasjdutcje ;1<6, nutukd hucladcea `jesudtktcjes, kel `jnnje jut-

rak`m tj celustry.

• \ma Wkehhar @jnncttaa nky ba `jesudtal by tma EPH ce cts wjro radktal tj nkcetkceceh

tma dcsts, but ct wcdd ej djehar mkva dakl raspjescbcdcty ijr tma trchhar dcst.

Ct lcle–t ture jut tmkt wky. Xmkt P`mnclt mkl ketc`cpktal jr mjpal ijr mks ejt trkes-

pcral. Cestakl, ks k pkrtc`cpket kt tma Brussads sancekr axpdkceal, tma ik`t tmkt tma EPH

wcdd ejw uelartkoa k —mjdcstc` kpprjk`m„ ce cts hucladceas ravcaw“`jesclarceh ks jea

bjtm tma lukd-usa kel trchhar dcsts“—eaàssctktas tmkt tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa tkoa k

subjrlcekta rjda tj tma EPH.„

Kejtmar pkrtc`cpket kllal tmkt LN\A, tma wjroceh hrjup `krryceh jut tma `je-

trjd dcst ravcaw, nky kll tj tma EPH–s `jetrjd dcsts saesctcva aqucpnaet kel cestkddktcjes

tmkt lje–t `jeijrn tj tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa–s nkelkta ce EV\ Krtc`da CCC.2, wmc`m

cs dcnctal tj —aspa`ckddy lascheal jr prapkral aqucpnaet jr nktarckd ijr tma prjàssceh,

usa, jr prjlu`tcje ji spa`ckd sscjekbda nktarckd.„ @urraetdy, tma EPH kel tma Wkehhar

@jnncttaa mkva scncdkr nanbarsmcps, tmcs pkrtc`cpket skcl, kel tma nanbars ji bjtm

hrjups —kra uedcoady tj mkva schec`ketdy lcvarhaet vcaws je cssuas dcoa saesctcva eu`dakr

trkla jr tma Kllctcjekd Vrjtj`jd.„

But wmkt wcdd tma rjda ji tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa ba ce tma iutura: Irjn tma bahce-

eceh, kel kitar tma `raktcje ji tma EPH, tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa wks cetaelal tj laea

wmc`m axpjrtal ctans trchharal skiahukrls ijr EV\ pkrtcas. \ma Wkehhar @jnncttaa

—rankces lciiaraet irjn tma EPH ce cts radktcjesmcp tj tma EV\ kel pjsscbcdctcas ijr

jutrak`m,„ tmcs pkrtc`cpket skcl. Kllal kejtmar, —\ma Wkehhar @jnncttaa cs stcdd kdcva,

kel tmrjuhm ct _eu`dakr suppdcar stktas^ mkva k lcra`t dceo wctm tma EV\. Xa lje–t mkva

tmkt dceo wctm tma EPH„ ba`kusa ct wks `raktal by eu`dakr suppdcar stktas tj `jetrjd trkla

bayjel tma EV\–s s`jpa.



Nkro Mcbbs | 03

\ma EPH kel Jtmar Axpjrt@jetrjd Krrkehanaets

\ma EPH cs ejw tma njst `jnpramaescva nudtcdktarkd eu`dakr axpjrt `jetrjd krrkeha-naet, but ct ̀ jaxcsts wctm jtmar krrkehanaets ijr jtmar ta`mejdjhcas radavket tj tma sprakl

ji wakpjes ji nkss lastru`tcje kel `jevaetcjekd wakpjes. Ji pkrtcùdkr radavkeà, jea

wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpket axpdkceal, kra tmraa nudtcdktarkd axpjrt `jetrjd rahcnas7

• tma Kustrkdck Hrjup, ijr `manc`kd kel bcjdjhc`kd nktarckds kel ta`mejdjhcas (pkr-

tcas kra kdsj pkrtcas tj Bcjdjhc`kd kel @manc`kd Xakpjes @jevaetcjes)?

• tma Ncsscda \a`mejdjhy @jetrjd Rahcna (N\@R), ijr ncsscda systans kel pjtae-

tckd XNL ladcvary vamc`das? kel

• tma Xkssaekkr Krrkehanaet, ijr lukd-usa hjjls kel ta`mejdjhcas kel nuectcjes.

\masa krrkehanaets smkra àrtkce iakturas ji tma EPH. Kdd but Xkssaekkr mkva ej sa`ra-tkrckt but cestakl dcoa tma EPH mkva ke ceijrnkd pjcet ji `jetk`t tj ik`cdctkta lcsùsscjes

kel tma ax`mkeha ji ljùnaets. Xkssaekkr–s ijrnkd stru`tura wks `kddal ijr ba`kusa ct cs

ejt ke krrkehanaet hjvareceh tarns ijr spa`c` trkesiars but cs cetaelal tj pravaet lastk-

bcdczceh k`ùnudktcjes ji `jevaetcjekd wakpjes tmrjuhm k `jesudtktcje kel ceijrnktcje-

smkrceh prjàss bast ik`cdctktal by k ijrnkd sa`ratkrckt.

Pcncdkr tj tma EPH, Xkssaekkr mks k dcst ji nanbarsmcp `rctarck“jea ji wmc`m cs

klmaraeà tj tma hucladceas ji tma jtmar krrkehanaets, ce`dulceh tma EPH kel tma

Wkehhar @jnncttaa“kel cts nanbars smkra bksc` prce`cpdas. Ce 26;6, tma Xkssaekkr

pdaekry naatceh nkelktal ke uplkta ji cts `jetrjd dcst. Ji cetarast tj tma EPH, tmara cs

kdsj ke jehjceh aiijrt ji Xkssaekkr pkrtc`cpkets tj nkoa tma `jetrjd dcst dass ta`mec`kdsj ct `ke ba uelarstjjl by aeijrànaet parsjeead“ce pkrtcùdkr, ùstjns kel dcàesceh

ji`ckds wmj nky mkva dcttda axparcaeà wctm tma wakpjes subga`t tj `jetrjds je tma dcst.

Xkssaekkr kdsj mks k wadd-lavadjpal jutrak`m prjhrkn kcnal kt prjnjtceh tma hjkds,

ncsscje, kel k``jnpdcsmnaets ji tma krrkehanaet, ce`dulceh pjst-pdaekry brcaehs ji

ejepkrtc`cpkets kel celustry jutrak`m.

\ma Xkssaekkr krrkehanaet cs kdsj k`tcva ce kljptceh eaw naksuras, hucladceas, kel

bast prk`tcàs ijr spa`c` `jetrjddal ta`mejdjhcas kel klgustceh tj eaw saùrcty tmrakts.

Raàetdy, tma hrjup prjnudhktal eaw ljùnaets je axpjrt ̀ jetrjds ijr kcr-dkue`mal wakp-

jes, bast-prk`tcà hucladceas ijr tma axpjrt ji snkdd krns kel dchmt wakpjes, k Ptktanaet

ji Qelarstkelceh je Cnpdanaetktcje ji Ael-Qsa @jetrjds ijr Lukd-Qsa Ctans, k ljù-

naet je bast prk`tcàs ijr C\\, kel kejtmar je brjoarceh, trkesct, kel trkessmcpnaets.

Kdd tmraa ji tmasa krrkehanaets smkra wctm tma EPH `djsal nanbarsmcps kel tma hjkd

ji suppdanaetceh axcstceh ejeprjdciarktcje traktcas kel khraanaets tmkt axprassal haearkd

prce`cpdas but iaw ta`mec`kd spa`c`ktcjes kel tmkt prasaetal djjpmjdas prjdciarktjrs ̀ judl

axpdjct. Dcoa tma EPH, njst jtmar nudtcdktarkd krrkehanaets mkva ej aeijrànaet jr

nudtcdktarkd ske`tcjes na`mkecsns, kel ce kdd `ksas aeijrànaet, ks wadd ks tma dcàesceh

ji axpjrts, cs tma raspjescbcdcty ji pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets.



<6 | \ma Iutura ji tma Eu`dakr Puppdcars Hrjup

Dcoa tma EPH, tmasa tmraa krrkehanaets nkoa la`cscjes by `jesaesus ba`kusa, ks jea

pkrtc`cpket skcl, —tma `jesaesus prce`cpda kddjws ijr k uecal kpprjk`m tj k spa`c`kddy

laeal tmrakt.„ Pjna pkrtc`cpkets skcl tmkt, ijr tma EPH ks ijr tma jtmar krrkehanaets,

tma njra spa`c` kel uecqua tma tmrakt, tma njra dcoady tmara wcdd ba ̀ jesaesus kbjut mjw

tj raspjel. Dcoa tma EPH, tma jtmar krrkehanaets kra kdsj `mkddaehal by tma lciùdtcas

ji k`mcavceh `jesaesus knjeh k dkrha eunbar ji pkrtc`cpkets, kdtmjuhm, uedcoa tma EPH,

tma nanbarsmcp ce tmasa krrkehanaets kppakrs tj mkva ùrraetdy rak`mal k skturktcje

pjcet, wctm dcttda iutura hrjwtm ketc`cpktal.

Ks cs tma `ksa ijr tma EPH, tma jtmar krrkehanaets kra pjtaetckddy `mkddaehal by tma

sjvarache prarjhktcva ji pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets tj iraady cetarprat tma hucladceas ks

tmay pdaksa, kel N\@R kel tma Kustrkdck Hrjup mkva axparcaeàl lciùdtcas, ce pkrt

ba`kusa ji tma hrjups– ceijrnkd stru`turas, ce latarnceceh wmkt `jestctutas eje`jnpdc-

keà wctm hucladceas kel prce`cpdas.

Dcoawcsa ijr tma EPH, tma `djsal nanbarsmcp ji tma jtmar tmraa krrkehanaets mks dal

tj `mkddaehas tj tmacr dahctcnk`y kel tj `rctc`csn tmkt tma krrkehanaets kra ce ik`t `krtads

naket tj smadtar astkbdcsmal ta`mejdjhy mjdlars kel axpjrtars. Kdd tmraa mkva ae`jue-

taral `rctc`csn irjn lavadjpceh `juetrcas kel aspa`ckddy irjn tma EKN? kdd mkva cectc-

ktal trkespkrae`y prjhrkns ce raspjesa? kdd mkva cetrjluàl `kt`m-kdd prce`cpdas cetj tmacr

hucladceas? kel kdd mkva baae uplktceh tmacr hucladceas tj k``jnnjlkta eaw lavadjp-

naets ce cetarektcjekd trkla su`m ks brjoarceh, trkla eke`ceh, kel C\\.

\mara cs k mchm pjsctcva ̀ jrradktcje batwaae k stkta–s pkrtc`cpktceh ce jea jr njra ji tmasa

tmraa krrkehanaets kel cts pkrtc`cpktceh ce tma EPH. \mcs dal jea pkrtc`cpket tj `jn-

naet tmkt —tmara cs k djt tj dakre irjn jtmar nanbarsmcps kel k mchm baeat pjtaetckd“

aspa`ckddy hcvae tmkt, ijr nkey snkddar ̀ juetrcas, tma skna hjvarenaet ji`ckds raspjescbda

ijr raprasaetceh tmacr hjvarenaets ce tma EPH kra kdsj pkrtc`cpktceh ce tma jtmar krrkeha-naets.„ —Jedy ce dkrha `juetrcas, wctm dkrha buraku`rk`cas, `ke hjvarenaets kiijrl tj

sael lciiaraet ji`ckds tj lciiaraet naatcehs kt tma skna tcna,„ jea pkrtc`cpket skcl. Pceà

tma bchhar `juetrcas ce tma EPH tael tj ba tmjsa tmkt tkoa njst cectcktcvas ce tma hrjup,

stjvapcpceh ce tmasa `juetrcas– ejeprjdciarktcje kel axpjrt `jetrjd buraku`rk`cas `ke lcs-

`jurkha tma EPH irjn lrkwceh je tma axparcaeà ji tma jtmar nudtcdktarkd krrkehanaets.

Kitar 3/;;, jea wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpket skcl, k sarcas ji `jeiaraeàs wara madl tmkt wara

lascheal tj brceh tjhatmar raprasaetktcvas irjn tma lciiaraet krrkehanaets. But mcstjrc-

`kddy, ma skcl, tmasa hrjups mkva axprassal dcttda eaal ijr `jddkbjrktcje. Celcvclukd `mkcr-

nae mkva trcal tj ae`jurkha ̀ jddkbjrktcje but kt tma hrjup davad tmara mks baae dcttda jr ej

`jnnje k`tcvcty jr cetark`tcje.Lurceh tma EPH jutrak`m `jeiaraeàs madl ce tma dkta ;336s, sjna pkrtc`cpkets urhal

tmkt EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets `jesclar stkrtceh kirasm kel eahjtcktceh k hdjbkd

krns `jetrjd trakty wctmce tma Qectal Ektcjes irknawjro. Ce raàet yakrs, kel aspa`ckddy

ijddjwceh tma ravadktcjes tmkt sjna prjdciarktjrs mkva baae spraklceh `jevaetcjekd wakp-

jes kel ncsscda-radktal ctans, ks wadd ks eu`dakr wkras, sjna axparts mkva prasaetal ̀ jhaet

krhunaets suhhastceh tmkt tma axpjrt `jetrjd krrkehanaets nchmt ba uecal tmrjuhm tma

astkbdcsmnaet ji ke cetarektcjekd axpjrt ̀ jetrjd trakty tmkt wjudl ba bcelceh je cts nan-

bars kel mkva k ske`tcjes kel aeijrànaet na`mkecsn.11 Ce 266<, AdBkrklac dcoawcsa



Nkro Mcbbs | <;

prjpjsal tmkt ke cetarektcjekd axpjrt `jetrjd trakty ba `jesclaral, kel tma eahjtcktcje ji

su`m k trakty cs ùrraetdy klvj`ktal by sjna eu`dakr ejeprjdciarktcje axparts.19

\mcs subga`t wks celcra`tdy rkcsal by savarkd pkrtc`cpkets lurceh tma wjrosmjp? mjw-

avar, k eunbar ji pkrtc`cpkets wmj kra cevjdval ce ji`ckd EPH ladcbarktcjes nkla cetar-

vaetcjes wmc`m krhual tmkt su`m ke kpprjk`m wjudl ejt ba ùrraetdy iakscbda jr lascrkbda,

kel tmkt njst pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets ce tma EPH wara ejt ce`dceal tj cectckta k prj-

àss tmkt wjudl dakl tj ke knkdhknktcje ji tma nudtcdktarkd axpjrt `jetrjd rahcnas cetj

sjnatmceh wmc`m wjudl ba njra ijrnkd kel anpjwaral.

K iaw pkrtc`cpkets klvcsal `kutcje `jeàreceh tma EPH–s ijrhceh dceos tj jr `jnpkr-

ceh ejtas wctm tma jtmar nudtcdktarkd axpjrt `jetrjd krrkehanaets. Jea skcl tmkt, ijr

ak`m krrkehanaet, tma jparktceh tmrakt kssassnaet uelarpceeceh cts k`tcvctcas nky ba sch-

ec`ketdy lciiaraet. Jea pkrtc`cpket skcl tmkt QE Paùrcty @jue`cd ske`tcjes rasjdutcjes

je Crke kel Ejrtm Ojrak, ijr axknpda, raiar tj tma EPH kel tj tma N\@R but ejt tj

Xkssaekkr. Lurceh Xkssaekkr ceijrnktcje ax`mkehas, ma skcl, —wa j``kscjekddy lakd wctm

cssuas ji tmraktaeceh k`ùnudktcje ji `jevaetcjekd wakpjes ce Kirc`ke `juetrcas, wmara

tmara cs ej prjbdan wmktsjavar wctm rahkrl tj eu`dakr jr bkddcstc` ncsscda prjdciarktcje… .

\ma spa`c` `jetrjd rahcnas kra tmara ba`kusa tmay ak`m pursua vary spa`c` jbga`tcvas.„

Ijr ektcjekd hjvarenaets tj tkoa k`tcje bksal je Xkssaekkr ladcbarktcjes, tma hjv-

arenaets raqucra flaxcbcdcty, wmc`m `ke ba kiijrlal jedy by k spa`c` tmrakt kssassnaet

hjvareceh tmkt axpjrt `jetrjd krrkehanaet. —Kt tma ael ji tma lky, _EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh

hjvarenaets^ ce k eunbar ji `ksas eaal tj hj tj jur ektcjekd pkrdcknaets kel tadd pkrdck-

naetkrckes wmy wa lcl jr lcl ejt hrket k spa`c` axpjrt dcàesa tj tmkt `juetry ijr tmkt

typa ji ctan. Pj tma EPH kel tma jtmar _nudtcdktarkd axpjrt `jetrjd^ rahcnas mkva tmacr

spa`c`ctcas wmc`m wa eaal tj raspa`t.„

Njst pkrtc`cpkets `jnnaetceh je tmcs cssua stktal tmkt tmay lcl ejt klvj`kta narhcehkey ji tma krrkehanaets jr tmacr tmrakt kssassnaets, but, ks jea pkrtc`cpket axprassal,

tmay lcl klvj`kta `djsar `jjparktcje kel cetar`mkeha —tj try kel saa wmatmar tma wky tma

rahcnas kra jparktal kel kra iue`tcjeceh `ke nutukddy ceijrn ak`m jtmar kel nkoa tma

jvarkdd systan njra aiia`tcva.„

Kt tma skna tcna, sjna pkrtc`cpkets wkreal tmkt tma EPH smjudl `jeàetrkta je wmkt

ct ljas bast. —\ma EPH eaals tj ijùs je wmara ct klls vkdua, ejt try tj lj tmcehs jtmar

rahcnas kra ljceh battar,„ jea skcl. Buraku`rktc` prassura tjwkrl —ncsscje `raap,„ mjw-

avar, cs ejt ue`jnnje ce tma cetarektcjekd axpjrt `jetrjd adl. Jea pkrtc`cpket radktal,

ijr axknpda, tmkt k pkrtc`cpktceh `juetry ce tma Vrjdciarktcje Paùrcty Cectcktcva (VPC)

mks rapaktaldy klvj`ktal axpkelceh tma cectcktcva–s nkelkta cetj tma krak ji prjdciarktcjeeke`ceh, ejtwctmstkelceh tma ik`t tmkt tma Iceke`ckd K`tcje \kso Ijrà (IK\I), k `je-

sudtceh hrjup astkbdcsmal by tma H-8 ce ;3=3 jrchcekddy tj `jnbkt njeay dkuelarceh, mkl

ce raàet yakrs su`àssiuddy kssunal k daklceh rjda ce `jnbktceh prjdciarktcje eke`ceh

je bamkdi ji tma ;1<6 @jnncttaa.18

Ce tma wjrls ji kejtmar pkrtc`cpket, —\mara eaals tj ba njra cestctutcjekd `jjrlcek-

tcje knjeh kdd tma nudtcdktarkd axpjrt `jetrjd krrkehanaets. \mara smjudl ba njra `jjp-

arktcje. Xa smjudle–t try tj rapdc`kta jr, ce sjna `ksas, `jnpata. C mkva axparcaeàl tmasa

krrkehanaets `jnpatceh.„ @jjparktcje cs ce tma EPH–s bast cetarast, kejtmar skcl. —Dait




tj cts jwe lavcàs, tma EPH `ke hj jii kel ba`jna k wjelariud, ùttceh-alha jrhkeczk-

tcje wmc`m, mjwavar, struhhdas ba`kusa tma jtmar nudtcdktarkd krrkehanaets mkvae–t oapt

up wctm ct. \mara eaals tj ba wclar avjdutcje kel raijrn.„

Pavarkd pkrtc`cpkets ae`jurkhal tma EPH, but kdsj jtmar nudtcdktarkd krrkehanaets,

tj `jesclar kljptceh k njra rahcjekd kpprjk`m tj jutrak`m kel cetarekd nkekhanaet ce

tma iutura, ce pkrt ba`kusa tma Aurjpake Qecje mks baae vary su`àssiud ce sattceh up ke

axpjrt ̀ jetrjd ejrnktcva kr`mcta`tura ijr ctsadi kel ba`kusa jtmar rahcjekd ̀ ustjns uecjes

kra ejw ce tma nkoceh kel ce tma iutura wcdd dcoady ba astkbdcsmal. Vkrtcùdkrdy ce tma krak

ji lukd-usa `jetrjds, skcl jea pkrtc`cpket, tma Aurjpake Qecje —smjudl sarva ks k njlad

ijr tma H@@, KPAKE, kel jtmars.„ Pj ikr, kejtmar skcl, tma EPH kel jtmar nudtcdktarkd

axpjrt `jetrjd ruda nkoars —mkva ejt baae cetark`tceh„ wctm tma ji`ckds kel khae`cas tmkt

kra ejw jr kra kbjut tj —la`cla je `jnnje ùstjns rudas ijr tmacr `jnnuectcas.„ Jea

pkrtc`cpket suhhastal tmkt tma EPH `jesclar `jesudtceh wctm rahcjekd eu`dakr wakpjes‐

iraa zjea krrkehanaets pursuket tj `krryceh jut rahcjekd jutrak`m.

Pjna pkrtc`cpkets suhhastal tmkt tma EPH smjudl iurtmar lavadjp bast prk`tcàs kel

tmae smkra bast prk`tcàs wctm tma jtmar axpjrt `jetrjd krrkehanaets. —Ej bast prk`tcà

wcdd ba bast ijr key twj spa`c` `juetrcas,„ jea pkrtc`cpket `kutcjeal, —ba`kusa tma ektura

ji trkla, tmacr scza, kel tmacr hjjls-prjlu`ceh a`jejncas wcdd ejt ba claetc`kd.„ Kejtmar

skcl tmkt tma EPH mks k dkw aeijrànaet huclabjjo ijr cts pkrtc`cpket hjvarenaets, but

tmkt ct wks —axtranady bksc`„ kel wjudl ejt `jetrcbuta tj cnprjvceh tma aiia`tcvaeass ji

EPH hucladcea cnpdanaetktcje? ct smjudl ba cnprjval kel uplktal ce ̀ jddkbjrktcje wctm

axparts ce jtmar nudtcdktarkd krrkehanaets.

Njra haearkddy, sjna pkrtc`cpkets suhhastal tmkt tma wjroceh hrjup axparts ce tma

EPH wmj kra raspjescbda ijr nkcetkceceh kel uplktceh tma `jetrjd dcsts smjudl lcsùss

tmkt wjro wctm `juetarpkrts irjn tma jtmar krrkehanaets.

\ma EPH kel Jtmar Nudtcdktarkd Krrkehanaets

• Njst haearkddy, tma EPH smjudl systanktc`kddy cevastchkta tma pjsscbcdctcas ijr iutura `jd-

dkbjrktcje kel `jjparktcje wctm Xkssaekkr, tma N\@R, tma Kustrkdck Hrjup, VPC, kel jtmar

nudtcdktarkd axpjrt `jetrjd krrkehanaets kel tmae nkoa kpprjk`mas tj tmasa krrkehanaets

ks kpprjprckta.

• \ma EPH `mkcrnke smjudl tkoa tma dakl ce kpprjk`mceh jtmar krrkehanaets kel `jesclar

tma vkdua ji rjutcea naatcehs ji tma `mkcrnae ji tma krrkehanaets.

• Kraks ijr pjtaetckd `jddkbjrktcje tmkt wjudl ba ji nutukd baeat ce`dula7 ai`cae`y kel

ralu`tcje ji raluelke`cas? ceijrnktcje nkekhanaet, ce`dulceh lktk saùrcty? `jnpkrktcva

tmrakt kssassnaets? hjjl prk`tcàs? `jnpkrktcva cnpdanaetktcje ji `kt`m-kdd prjvcscjes?

laectcje ji eje`jnpdckeà? `jesaesus ijrnktcje? ektcjekd cetarpratktcjes ji hucladceas?

aeijrànaet la`cae`cas? kel trust la`cts ae`juetaral lurceh jutrak`m.

• \ma EPH smjudl `jesclar sattceh up k parnkeaet wjroceh hrjup knjeh kdd tma krrkeha-

naets tj `jddkbjrkta ce raspjelceh tj `mkddaehas (ce`dulceh tmjsa dcstal kbjva) tmkt kra

`jnnje tj kdd tma krrkehanaets.



Nkro Mcbbs | <0

\ma EPH kel tma ;1<6 @jnncttaa

Eunarjus pkrtc`cpkets nkla raiaraeàs tj tma wjro ji tma ;1<6 @jnncttaa kel tma pjtae-

tckd ijr ̀ jddkbjrktcje batwaae ct kel tma EPH. Pceà Rasjdutcje ;1<6–s nkelkta spa`c`kddy

ae`jurkhas cetarektcjekd ̀ jjparktcje ks k nakes ji k`mcavceh cts hjkds, jea pkrtc`cpket suh-

hastal tmkt tmara wjudl ba —k djt ji jvardkps„ wctm jutrak`m wjro `krrcal jut by tma EPH

kel jtmar nudtcdktarkd krrkehanaets, aspa`ckddy —ba`kusa tma ;1<6 wjro cs tkrhatal tjwkrl

tma bucdlceh ji ektcjekd `kpk`cty ce cnpdanaetceh _tma rasjdutcje^, wmaraks tma wjro ji

tma _axpjrt ̀ jetrjd krrkehanaets^ cs hakral tjwkrl elceh tma bast prk`tcàs kel `jnnje

hucladceas kel k ̀ jnnje mkrnjeczal kpprjk`m tjwkrl k`mcavceh k ̀ jnpktcbda rasudt.„

Je Kprcd 26, tmraa waaos baijra tma @kreahca wjrosmjp, tma QE Paùrcty @jue`cd

pkssal Rasjdutcje ;388, wmc`m axtaelal ijr tae yakrs tma nkelkta ji tma QEP@ ;1<6@jnncttaa ce ksscstceh tma cnpdanaetktcje ji Rasjdutcje ;1<6. Rasjdutcje ;388, pkr-

tc`cpkets suhhastal, wks lcra`tdy radavket tj tma EPH ba`kusa ct nkelktal tmkt tma ;1<6

@jnncttaa cetaesciy cts k`tcvctcas wctm k eunbar ji cetarektcjekd bjlcas ce`dulceh tma

EPH ce jrlar tj prjnjta iudd cnpdanaetktcje ji tma QEP@ rasjdutcje. Vkrtc`cpkets skcl

tmkt savarkd adanaets ji Rasjdutcje ;388 nky ba ji cetarast tj eu`dakr suppdcars7

• tma rasjdutcje–s ra`jhectcje ji tma `jetrcbutcje ji tma Eu`dakr Paùrcty Punnct

prjàss?

• cts `kdd je stktas tj —wjro tjhatmar urhaetdy tj pravaet kel supprass k`ts ji

eu`dakr tarrjrcsn ce`dulceh tmrjuhm ce`raksal `jjparktcje kel iudd cnpdanaetk-

tcje ji tma radavket cetarektcjekd `jevaetcjes, kel tmrjuhm kpprjprckta naksuras

tj raceijrà tma axcstceh dahkd irknawjro„? kel

• cts ce`raksal anpmkscs je claetciyceh kel smkrceh ast a`tcva prk`tcàs.

Jea pkrtc`cpket skcl tmkt tma ;1<6 @jnncttaa cs oaae tj —makr irjn stktas kel irjn

bjlcas dcoa tma EPH kel tma Wkehhar @jnncttaa wmara tmay claetciy ai ia`tcva bast prk`-

tcàs wmc`m tma _;1<6^ @jnncttaa `ke pjcet _QE nanbar stktas^ tj,„ aspa`ckddy sceà

tma `jnncttaa mks ejt lavadjpal key stkelkrls jr ykrlstcòs ijr eu`dakr axpjrt `jetrjds

je cts jwe.

• \ma EPH smjudl aspa`ckddy `jeiar wctm jtmar krrkehanaets tj djjo ijr `jnnjekdctcas ce

jutrak`m kel wkys tj kllrass `rctc`csn irjn ejepkrtc`cpkets tmkt tmay kra lcs`rcncektjry.

• \ma EPH smjudl mjdl k lcsùsscje wctm tma Kustrkdck Hrjup `jeàreceh cts trkespkrae`yaxar`csas wctm EKN stktas.

• \ma EPH smjudl mjdl k lcsùsscje wctm tma Xkssaekkr Krrkehanaet `jeàreceh cts aiijrt tj

nkoa cts hucladceas kel `jetrjd dcst akscar tj usa by axpjrt `jetrjd kutmjrctcas.

• \ma EPH smjudl mjdl k lcsùsscje wctm tma Xkssaekkr Krrkehanaet `jeàreceh cts aiijrt tj

`jelu`t paar ravcaws kel axtarekd kulcts tj claetciy wakoeassas.



<< | \ma Iutura ji tma Eu`dakr Puppdcars Hrjup

Pjna pkrtc`cpkets skcl tmkt lurceh tma pkst scx yakrs, `jetk`t batwaae tma EPH kel

tma ;1<6 @jnncttaa mks ejt kdwkys baae aiia`tcva, rahkrldass ji ax`mkehas ji dattars kel

k iaw brcaehs prjvclal by tma EPH tj tma `jnncttaa.

Vkrtc`cpkets ejtal savarkd pjsscbda ̀ jnnje cetarasts kel adls ji aelakvjr ijr bjtm tma

EPH kel tma ;1<6 @jnncttaa, ce wmc`m tma `jnncttaa cs k`tcva7

• jehjceh kel iutura wjro ji tma `jnncttaa je prjdciarktcje trkla eke`ceh?

• tma `jnncttaa–s `jnpcdktcje ji lcskhhrahktal lktk je axpjrt `jetrjd systans ijr

;83 `juetrcas, bksal je `juetry rapjrts subncttal by ektcjekd hjvarenaets ks

nkelktal by Rasjdutcje ;1<6?

• elcehs ji tma `jnncttaa bksal je ektcjekd cnpdanaetktcje rapjrts celc`ktceh

sjna Rasjdutcje ;1<6 ̀ jnpdckeà la`cts ce sjna EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh `juetrcas?

• elcehs ji tma `jnncttaa `jeàreceh la`cts ce parmkps ks nkey ks twj ljzae

stktas wctm sjna ocel ji eu`dakr ceirkstru`tura but wmc`m kra jutscla tma EPH?• tma nutukd cetarast ji tma EPH kel tma ;1<6 @jnncttaa ce claetciyceh kel

prjvclceh stktas wctm ast a`tcva axpjrt `jetrjd prk`tcàs tj `jnpdy wctm Rasjdutcje

;1<6? kel

• tma `jnncttaa–s knbctcje tj sarva ks k `dakrceh mjusa ijr ksscstkeà tj ektcjekd

hjvarenaets ce `kpk`cty bucdlceh.

Pjna pkrtc`cpkets skcl tmkt k `djsar radktcjesmcp batwaae tma EPH kel tma ;1<6

@jnncttaa wjudl ba ik`cdctktal by tma ik`t tmkt tma EPH cs k nudtcdktarkd bjly kel tmkt

tma va parnkeaet nanbars ji tma QE Paùrcty @jue`cd kra cnpjrtket EPH pkrtc`c-

pkets. \ma kbsaeà ji sjna V-1 `juetrcas irjn k iaw jtmar nudtcdktarkd axpjrt `jetrjd

krrkehanaets, tmay skcl, nkoas ct njra lciùdt ijr tma ;1<6 @jnncttaa tj ra`jhecza tma

`jetrcbutcjes ji tmjsa krrkehanaets.

Ks k bjly ji tma QE Paùrcty @jue`cd, tma k`tcvctcas ji tma ;1<6 @jnncttaa kra ̀ djsady

wkt`mal by QE nanbar stktas tj nkoa sura tmay lj ejt trkeshrass stktas– sjvarache rchmts,

pkrtc`cpkets skcl. Ijr tmkt raksje, tma `jnncttaa cs njst `jnijrtkbda ce lakdceh wctm

ektcjekd hjvarenaets kel cetarektcjekd jrhkeczktcjes dcoa tma CKAK ce ik`cdctktceh tma

cnpdanaetktcje ji Rasjdutcje ;1<6. Vkrtc`cpkets skcl tmkt, ijr tmkt raksje, tma akscast wky

ijr tma EPH kel tma ;1<6 @jnncttaa tj `jjparkta je key gjcet axar`csas jr k`tcvctcas

mkvceh ke jutrak`m `mkrk`tar, aspa`ckddy tmjsa cevjdvceh pkrtc`cpktcje irjn `cvcd sj`caty jr

celustry, wjudl ba ijr tma EPH tj tkoa tma cectcktcva, sceà su`m ke cectcktcva ̀ jnceh irjn

tma `jnncttaa nchmt prjnpt `jeàres jr jbga`tcjes irjn QE nanbar stktas. Pmjudl

tma EPH jr cts pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets wket tj prjvcla `kpk`cty-bucdlceh ksscstkeà

tj stktas ce tma ;1<6 prjàss, ct wjudl ba pjsscbda ijr tma EPH `mkcrnke tj kpprjk`m tma

;1<6 @jnncttaa sapkrktady irjn key bcdktarkd kpprjk`m tj tma `jnncttaa uelartkoae by

key celcvclukd EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaet.

Lurceh cetarekd EPH lcsùsscjes `jeàreceh eaw hucladceas ijr AER, ct wks khraal

by pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets tj kll ks k `rctarcje ijr k ra`cpcaet stkta tmkt cs rapjrtceh tj

tma ;1<6 @jnncttaa tmkt tma stkta cs —cnpdanaetceh aiia`tcva axpjrt ̀ jetrjds ks claetcal



Nkro Mcbbs | <1

by Rasjdutcje ;1<6.„ Jea pkrtc`cpket suhhastal tmkt, smjudl tma `jnncttaa–s wjro lurceh

tma eaxt tae yakrs rasudt ce njra aiia`tcva axpjrt `jetrjds ce kdd stktas, tmcs wjudl ik`cdctkta

tma EPH–s ijùsceh je cts hucladceas kel tmacr cnpdanaetktcje.

\ma EPH kel QEP@ Rasjdutcje ;1<6

Ct cs cnpjrtket tmkt tma EPH uelarstkel tmkt tma ;1<6 @jnncttaa cs k na`mkecsn tmkt `ke madp

tma hrjup uecvarskdcza aiia`tcva kppdc`ktcje ji cts hucladceas kel tj astkbdcsm rjbust axpjrt `jetrjd

systans ce ejepkrtc`cpktceh stktas tj qukdciy tman tj pkrtc`cpkta ce tma EPH prjàss. Ce `jesclar-

ktcje ji tma dkò ji pjdctc`kd wcdd kel lciùdtcas tmkt wjudl partkce tj key eahjtcktcje ji k hdjbkd

axpjrt `jetrjd trakty, kel ijr tma la`cts ji tma EV\, wmc`m ljas ejt ce`dula kdd eu`dakr suppdcar

stktas kel ljas ejt nkelkta skiahukrls ijr kdd eu`dakr wakpjes‐`rctc`kd ctans, Rasjdutcje ;1<6

kel tma wjro ji cts `jnncttaa kra cnpjrtket cestrunaets tmkt smjudl ba usal tj k`mcava tma hjkdsji uecvarskd kppdc`ktcje ji `jnnje eu`dakr axpjrt `jetrjd stkelkrls7

• \ma EPH smjudl wjro wctm tma ;1<6 @jnncttaa tj `rakta k stkelkrl ijr dahkddy bksal

axpjrt `jetrjds ce kdd QE nanbar stktas. (\ma skna kppdcas tj tma jtmar nudtcdktarkd axpjrt

`jetrjd krrkehanaets.)

• \ma EPH smjudl usa lktk je ektcjekd axpjrt `jetrjd systans `jnpcdal by tma ;1<6 @jn-

ncttaa ce prapkrceh cts jutrak`m prjhrkns.

• \ma EPH smjudl latarncea tmkt `jnpdckeà wctm Rasjdutcje ;1<6 cs k `jelctcje ijr kdd

eu`dakr trkla axprassal ce tma ravcsal EPH hucladceas.

• \ma EPH smjudl ba wcddceh tj tkoa tma dakl ce `jjparktcje wctm tma ;1<6 @jnncttaa, hcvae

`jeàres ji QE nanbar stktas kbjut tma dcnctktcjes ji tma QE Paùrcty @jue`cd nkelkta.

• \ma EPH `mkcrnke smjudl mjdl lcsùsscjes wctm tma ;1<6 @jnncttaa tj kllrass keljvar`jna pjdctc`kd saesctcvctcas cemcbctceh ceijrnktcje-smkrceh by tma EPH wctm QE nanbar

stktas tmkt eaal madp ce bucdlceh ektcjekd axpjrt `jetrjd `kpk`cty.

• \ma EPH smjudl prjvcla tma ;1<6 @jnncttaa ceijrnktcje je hjjl prk`tcàs jbtkceal irjn

iutura paar ravcaws kel jtmar axar`csas kel cevastchktcjes.

Aeijrànaet kel Aiia`tcvaeass

Celapaelaet ji ae`jurkhanaet irjn wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpkets tmkt tma EPH straehtmae

cts radktcjesmcps wctm jtmar nudtcdktarkd axpjrt `jetrjd krrkehanaets, sjna pkrtc`cpkets

wkreal tmkt tma EPH smjudl ejt ba lcstrk`tal by tmasa cetark`tcjes. —Xa smjudl put jur

aiijrt cetj aesurceh tmkt axcstceh hucladceas kra prjpardy aeijràl, kel ci wa _lj tmkt^ wa

wcdd lcs`jvar wmara tmara kra hkps kel wmara tmara smjudl ba kllctcjekd hucladceas.„ Ce

nkey `ksas, kejtmar pkrtc`cpket skcl, tma hucladceas kra —prjluàl by ji`ckds ce ijrache

kiikcrs ncecstrcas wmj mkva eavar mkl tj aeijrà jr `jetrjd k irjetcar.„ Xctm tmkt ce ncel,

ma skcl, tma EPH smjudl `jesudt wctm aeijrànaet khae`cas ce pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets

lurceh cts jehjceh ravcaw ji tma `jetrjd dcsts tj aesura tmkt tma ekd rasudt cs k —`jetrjd




dcst tmkt cs ks usar-ircaeldy ks pjsscbda.„ \ma `jetrjd dcst ravcaw smjudl ba ijùsal je cts

jut`jna ijr axpjrt ̀ jetrjd prk`tctcjears, pkrtcùdkrdy ijr lukd-usa ctans. —\ma kssunptcje

ji avarybjly kdjeh tma ̀ mkce ji raspjescbcdcty ijr ̀ jetrjddceh lukd-usa hjjls mks baae tmkt

ùstjns `judl stjp kdd ji tmasa tmcehs kt tma irjetcar vary akscdy, tmkt tmay mkva paria`t

ceijrnktcje, tmkt tma tcnairknas kra su`m, tma wceljws ji jppjrtuecty kra su`m, tmkt tmay

`ke k`tukddy stjp tmasa hjjls. Ct–s ejt tma `ksa.„

Lurceh tma wjrosmjp lcsùsscje savarkd pkrtc`cpkets uelardceal tmkt tma mcstjrc`kd

ra`jrl smjws tmkt celcvclukd `juetrcas rak`t vary laiaescvady tj kddahktcjes tmkt tmay kra

ejt ̀ jetrjddceh tmacr axpjrts. —Badcava na, jvar 21 yakrs C mkva makrl kdd ji tman. Ct ljase–t

nkttar ci ct cs Harnkey jr Vkocstke? tmay kdd sky ”axpjrt `jetrjds kra ejt k prjbdan ce jur

`juetry,– but ce pjcet ji ik`t tmara mks baae vary dcttda lanjestrktcje tmkt ektcjekd `je-

trjds ce key scehda stkta kra aiia`tcva.„ Ijr tmkt raksje, ma skcl,

\ma EPH kel cts pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets smjudl tmceo mkrl kbjut wmkt tmay `judl lj ce

tmcs krak kel tkdo tj tmacr `jddakhuas ce tma jtmar _nudtcdktarkd axpjrt `jetrjd^ krrkehanaets.

\mara nky ba sjna pusmbkò irjn pajpda `jeàreal kbjut buraku`rktc` knkdhknktcje ji

tma axpjrt `jetrjd rahcnas, but tmara–s àrtkcedy rjjn ijr k lcsùsscje. \mara–s ej raksje

wmy tma `mkcrnke ji ak`m ji tma krrkehanaets `judle–t parcjlc`kddy naat kel lcsùss tmasa

cssuas ceijrnkddy.

Jea pkrtc`cpket wmj mks tkoae pkrt ce nkey EPH ladcbarktcjes skcl tmkt, tj aiia`tcvady

cnpdanaet axpjrt `jetrjds, tma EPH nust trkò cts jwe aiia`tcvaeass? mjwavar, tma EPH

cs ùrraetdy ejt ljceh tmcs. Kllal kejtmar pkrtc`cpket, —\mara cs ke jbdchktcje tj kbcla

by tma hucladceas, kel yju rapjrt wmkt yju lj, but tmara cs ej na`mkecsn tj trkò wmkt

spa`c` `juetrcas kra ljceh ce àrtkce kraks… . \ma trkòceh cs k vary `jnpdax nkttar… .

Sju kra pjdctc`kddy bjuel tj ladcvar, but yju kra ejt dahkddy bjuel.„

Ce tma pkst, ma skcl, tma EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets mkva `jesclaral paar ravcaws

ji ektcjekd axpjrt `jetrjd systans —k vary prcòdy cssua. Ct–s `jesclaral by k djt ji pajpda

ce tma EPH rakdn tj ba pjdctc`kddy tkbjj, lciùdt tj cnpdanaet, but sjnajea ce tma

EPH smjudl ba tmceoceh mkrl kbjut k `raktcva wky tj cnpdanaet k paar ravcaw prjàss

ce tma hrjup.„ Puhhastcjes ijr `jelu`tceh paar ravcaws mkva baae nkla by axparts irjn

kt dakst twj jrhkeczktcjes7 tma @aetar ijr Cetarektcjekd \rkla kel Paùrcty (@C\P) kt tma

Qecvarscty ji Hajrhck, kel tma Ptjòmjdn Cetarektcjekd Vakà Rasakr`m Cestctuta (PCVRC).

@C\P mks lavadjpal k natmjljdjhy ijr parijrnceh ravcaws kel mks `krrcal jut ravcaws

ce njra tmke =6 `juetrcas. Kejtmar pkrtc`cpket suhhastal tmkt tma EPH `judl cectckta k

paar ravcaw prjàss wctmjut raqucrceh k `jesaesus khraanaet by kdd ji cts pkrtc`cpktceh

hjvarenaets. —\mara–s ej raksje wmy tmraa jr ijur EPH nanbars `keejt celapaelaetdyuelartkoa batwaae tman k paar ravcaw, djjoceh kt tma EPH hucladceas kel tmacr cnpda-

naetktcje kel tmacr aeijrànaet ce ak`m ji tmjsa tmraa jr ijur `juetrcas, kel tmae smkra

tmkt ceijrnktcje wctm tma pdaekry kel tmae cevcta jtmar pdaekry nanbars tj hj tmrjuhm

k scncdkr prjàss.„ Ce jtmar krrkehanaets, paar ravcaws mkva baae `jelu`tal, axparts

dakreal irjn tma jut`jnas, kel —wa mkva ijuel tmcs tj ba vary aiia`tcva. \mara–s ej eaal

ijr k `jesaesus? tmara wcdd kdwkys ba stktas ce tma _nudtcdktarkd krrkehanaets^ wmc`m wcdd

kdwkys bdjò k paar ravcaw, ej quastcje. But ci yju hat <6 paràet jr 96 paràet ji tma

nanbars ji tma EPH uelartkoceh paar ravcaws, parmkps ct wcdd ba`jna k ejrn.„



Nkro Mcbbs | <8

Kllal jea pkrtc`cpket, sattceh up k paar ravcaw prjàss ejw wjudl madp tma EPH tj

aesura tmkt cts ravcaws ji tma `jetrjd dcsts —lje–t rasudt ce njra adkbjrkta dcsts ci ce ik`t tma

EPH cs ejt aiia`tcvady cnpdanaetceh tma dcsts ct kdrakly mks.„

Aiia`tcvaeass kel Aeijrànaet

• Aspa`ckddy ba`kusa ce`raksal usa ji tma `kt`m-kdd prjvcscje wcdd ce`raksa tma raqucranaet ijr

rakd-tcna ceijrnktcje-smkrceh, tma EPH nchmt `rakta k wjroceh hrjup tj cevastchkta mjw tj

axpalcta lktk-smkrceh knjeh pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets kel tj `jddkbjrkta tj prjt irjn

tma axparcaeà ji VPC pkrtc`cpkets kel AQ axpjrt `jetrjd kutmjrctcas ce tmcs krak.

• \ma EPH smjudl ae`jurkha tmraa jr ijur pkrtc`cpktceh stktas tj vjduetaar tj `jelu`t k

paar ravcaw ji ektcjekd cnpdanaetktcje ji tma EPH hucladceas ce tmacr raspa`tcva `juetrcas.

Ct smjudl prasaet tma rasudts kt k pdaekry naatceh ce k wky tmkt ik`cdctktas smjwceh mjw

dassjes dakreal irjn tma ravcaw `judl ba haearkdczal. \mcs prjàss `judl ba brjklaeal sjtmkt, cescla k la`kla, paar ravcaws `judl ba`jna k ejrn.

• \ma EPH smjudl ae`jurkha savarkd pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets, kel tmae kdd ji tman, tj

`krry jut ke kekdyscs ji 1 paràet ji tmacr EPH-dcstal hjjls tj latarncea wmara axpjrt

`jetrjds wara aiia`tcva kel wmara tmay wara ejt aiia`tcva.

• \ma EPH smjudl claetciy hjjl prk`tcàs lurceh paar ravcaws kel smkra tman wctm jtmar

nudtcdktarkd krrkehanaets kel tma ;1<6 @jnncttaa.

• \ma EPH smjudl `jesudt wctm axpjrt `jetrjd aeijrànaet parsjeead ce EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh

hjvarenaets lurceh tma ravcaw ji tma `jetrjd dcsts.

\rkespkrae`y kel Jutrak`m

\ma EPH `jelu`tal jutrak`m sancekrs ce ;338 kel ;333 ce raspjesa tj Vrce`cpda ;8 ji

tma Vkòkha ji La`cscjes `je`dulal wmae tma EV\ wks celaectady axtaelal ce ;331,

wmc`m stktal7 —\rkespkrae`y ce eu`dakr-radktal axpjrt `jetrjds smjudl ba prjnjtal

wctmce tma irknawjro ji lckdjhua kel `jjparktcje knjeh kdd cetarastal stktas pkrty tj

tma _EV\^.„ Pjna pkrtc`cpkets suhhastal lurceh tma @kreahca wjrosmjp tmkt tma EPH

rakirn tmkt `jnnctnaet by tkoceh `je`rata staps tj brjklae cts jutrak`m tj celustry,

`cvcd sj`caty, kel eje-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets.Vkrtc`cpkets kdsj skcl tmkt tmara cs k eaal ijr hraktar trkespkrae`y cescla tma hrjup

`jrraspjelceh tj vkryceh lahraas ji `jnnctnaet tj ceijrnktcje-smkrceh ji celcvclukd

pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets. Gust ks tmara wcdd ba EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets tmkt wcdd

bkdo kt pkrtc`cpktceh ce k paar ravcaw prjàss, tmara kra tmjsa stktas tmkt kra radu`tket tj

smkra ceijrnktcje kt k schec`ket jr laap davad. @mcek (tma jedy EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh stkta

irjn tma hraktar Ksck-Vk`c` rahcje tmkt lcl ejt kttael tma wjrosmjp) wks naetcjeal by

savarkd wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpkets ce tmcs rahkrl. Jea pkrtc`cpket skcl tmkt ma mkl kttaelal

eunarjus EPH ceijrnktcje-smkrceh naatcehs kel ejtal tmkt —ct cs tma skna va jr scx



<= | \ma Iutura ji tma Eu`dakr Puppdcars Hrjup

`juetrcas hcvceh prasaetktcjes kel tma skna `juetrcas prjvclceh `ksa stulcas avary scehda

tcna. Pjna `juetrcas kt tmasa avaets eavar avae spako.„ Pjna pkrtc`cpkets rahrattal tma

dkò ji k na`mkecsn tj `jnpad jr ae`jurkha radu`tket EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets

tj njra iuddy pkrtc`cpkta but ks`rcbal tmkt stkta ji kiikcrs tj tma vjduetkry ektura ji tma

krrkehanaet. —Ijr sjna pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets, pkrtc`cpktcje cs k jea-wky straat,„ jea

skcl. —\may kttael EPH naatcehs sjdady tj el tmcehs jut, ejt tj lcs`djsa.„

Ce tma cetarast ji hraktar trkespkrae`y, sjna pkrtc`cpkets skcl tmkt tma EPH smjudl tkoa

k systanktc` djjo kt cts laeckd-smkrceh prjàss tj try tj `rakta k `jesaesus tjwkrl k hraktar

smkrceh ji laeckd ceijrnktcje.

Xmae tma EPH ̀ rkital cts kpprjk`m tj tma lukd-usa `mkddaeha ce ;332, ct jrlkceal tmkt

ej nanbar smjudl tkoa klvketkha ji tma laeckd ji ke axpjrt by kejtmar nanbar tj par-

nct cts celustry tj axpjrt tma skna ctan tj tma ra`cpcaet subga`t tj k laeckd. \j nkoa tmkt

pjdc`y aiia`tcva, EPH pkrtc`cpkets rjutceady ax`mkeha laeckd lktk vck k Gjcet Ceijrnktcje

Ax`mkeha, wmc`m naats jeà jr njra par yakr. Ba`kusa laeckd ceijrnktcje `ke ba usaiud

tj prjdciarktjrs, mjwavar, tma EPH mks baae radu`tket tj smkra laeckd lktk wctm stktas tmkt

kra ejt nanbars but kra subga`t tj jutrak`m, ce`dulceh Celck, Csrkad, kel Vkocstke. \mara

cs kdsj ej systanktc` laeckd-smkrceh kpprjk`m ce tma EPH radktal tj cnpdanaetktcje ji

tma `kt`m-kdd prjvcscje. \ma EPH kdsj ljas ejt smkra laeckd ceijrnktcje wctm tma CKAK.

Pavarkd pkrtc`cpkets suhhastal tmkt tma EPH smkra cts laeckd ceijrnktcje wctm tma CKAK

Lapkrtnaet ji Pkiahukrls, sceà tmkt ceijrnktcje wjudl ksscst tma CKAK ce cnpdanaetceh

tma Kllctcjekd Vrjtj`jd ce nanbar stktas kel tmaraby `jetrcbuta tj k njra `jnpramae-

scva tmrakt kssassnaet, wmc`m wjudl ce ture ba vkdukbda tj tma EPH kel cts pkrtc`cpktceh

hjvarenaets ce nkoceh la`cscjes kbjut spa`c` eu`dakr trkesiars. But sjna pkrtc`cpktceh

hjvarenaets nky ejt suppjrt prjvclceh ceijrnktcje tj tma CKAK, sceà tmay mkva dcttda

`jelaeà tmkt tma CKAK wjudl pravaet su`m ceijrnktcje irjn baceh dakoal tj key ji cts;16 nanbar stktas. Vkrtc`cpkets kdsj pjcetal jut tmkt, ba`kusa ji tma CKAK–s skiahukrls

`jelaetckdcty prjvcscjes, ceijrnktcje-smkrceh wctm tma EPH `judl akscdy ejt ba ra`cprj-

`kd“tmkt cs, tma CKAK ̀ judl ejt prjvcla tma EPH ceijrnktcje irjn cts lktkbksa je ̀ jue-

try prjdas, wmc`m wjudl lcra`tdy ksscst tma EPH ce cts prjdciarktcje tmrakt kssassnaets.

Vkrtc`cpkets skcl, mjwavar, tmkt, wara tma CKAK hcvae tma laeckd lktk, tma CKAK `judl

ae`jurkha stktas wmjsa ael-usars kra subga`t tj EPH laeckds tj prjvcla hraktar ceijrnk-

tcje kbjut tmacr k`tcvctcas kel tmae prjvcla tmkt lktk tj tma EPH. Aspa`ckddy ce `ksas ce

wmc`m aetctcas subga`t tj laeckds kra ejt prjdciarktjrs, stktas cnpdanaetceh ke Kllctcjekd

Vrjtj`jd smjudl ba wcddceh tj `jjparkta wctm tma CKAK, kel tma rasudts ji `jjparktcje

wjudl baeat tma cnpjrtar, cts stkta kutmjrctcas, tma CKAK, kel tma EPH.Pjna pkrtc`cpkets ce tma wjrosmjp ̀ jnpdkceal tmkt tmara cs ej jparktcjekd laectcje ji

wmkt `jestctutas k laeckd, parncttceh sjna stktas tmkt kra radu`tket tj smkra lktk wctm jtmar

EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets ejt tj ceijrn tman ji laecal trkesk`tcjes je tma hrjuels

tmkt tma stkta, usceh kutmjrcty ejt ijrnkddy ce`jrpjrktal cetj tma axpjrt dcàesceh prjàss,

cetarvaeal wctm tma axpjrtar kel parsuklal jr ijràl ct ejt tj axpjrt tma ctan ce quastcje.

Icekddy, ce tma cetarast ji trkespkrae`y, sjna wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpkets suhhastal tmkt tma

EPH wabscta ba uphrklal kel iraquaetdy nkcetkceal kel uplktal. Pjna ji tma ceijrnktcje



Nkro Mcbbs | <3

je tma wabscta cs ùrraetdy jut ji lkta. \ma scta ̀ judl ba trkesijrnal cetj k usaiud rasjurà

ijr axpjrt ̀ jetrjd ceijrnktcje, ce`dulceh jpae sjurà ceijrnktcje irjn pkrtc`cpktceh hjv-

arenaets wmjsa kutmjrctcas kra dceoal tj tma EPH wabscta, kel tma scta `judl sarva ks ke

cetark`tcva sjuelceh bjkrl ijr prjvclceh raquastal ceijrnktcje je mjw tma EPH iue`-

tcjes, wctm uplktal ceijrnktcje irjn pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets, tma @jesudtktcva Hrjup,

wjroceh hrjups je ceijrnktcje ax`mkeha kel trkespkrae`y cssuas, kel tma EPH `mkcrnke.

\rkespkrae`y kel Jutrak`m

• \ma EPH smjudl astkbdcsm `jetk`t wctm, kel prjvcla brcaehs kel bkòhrjuel ceijrnktcje

tj, tma wjroceh hrjups prapkrceh ijr tma 26;1 EV\ Ravcaw @jeiaraeà kel iutura ravcaw

`jeiaraeàs.

•\ma EPH smjudl cetaesciy `jjparktcje wctm ejepkrtc`cpktceh trkessmcppceh stktas, ce`dulcehax`mkehceh ceijrnktcje tj claetciy kel latar k`tcvctcas by prjdciarktceh ael-usars.

• Ke EPH wjroceh hrjup smjudl ik`cdctkta pkrtc`cpktceh stktas aiijrts tj mkrnjecza ektcjekd

rudas ijr smkrceh ceijrnktcje, ce`dulceh prcvk`y kel dahkd lcs`djsura hucladceas.

• \ma EPH smjudl spjesjr kel ik`cdctkta jehjceh lcsùsscje by pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets

tjwkrl k `jnnje kppdc`ktcje ji tma EPH–s ;33< —ejeprjdciarktcje prce`cpda„ ce tma hucla-

dceas, kel ct smjudl lrkit `jnnje `rctarck ijr tmcs prjvcscje ijr usa by ektcjekd hjvarenaet

dcàesceh kutmjrctcas.

• \ma EPH smjudl `jnnuec`kta tmjsa lrkit `rctarck tj `cvcd sj`caty, tj tma EKN, tj jtmar EV\

`jestctuaets, kel tj tma ;1<6 @jnncttaa ijr cts wjro ce ksscstceh `kpk`cty bucdlceh.

• Dcoawcsa, tma EPH smjudl lavadjp k natmjljdjhy tj raelar laeckds njra jbga`tcva uelar

tma EPH hucladceas. \mcs `judl ba ladahktal tj k wjroceh hrjup.

• \ma EPH smjudl `jelu`t jutrak`m tj celustry tj prjvcla ejeprjdciarktcje bkòhrjuel cd-

dustrktceh mjw prjdciarktjrs wjro kel wmy axpjrt `jetrjds kra cnpjrtket tj hdjbkd saùrcty.

• \ma EPH smjudl smkra laeckd kel axpjrt ceijrnktcje“ce k nkeear tmkt ljas ejt vcjdkta

`jnnar`ckd `jelaetckdcty kel lcstjrt jpae trklceh prk`tcàs“wctm tma CKAK ijr cts usa ce

cnpdanaetceh tma Kllctcjekd Vrjtj`jd.

• \ma EPH smjudl mjdl k lcsùsscje tj `je`dula wmkt `jestctutas k laeckd kel hat k `jesae-

sus khraanaet je tma kppdc`ktcje ji tmkt laectcje? ce pkrkddad, ct smjudl saùra khraanaet

irjn kdd pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets tj smkra ceijrnktcje je saczuras ji hjjls by ektcjekd

kutmjrctcas.

• \ma EPH `mkcrnke smjudl bahce k lcsùsscje tj ae`jurkha pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets tj

nkoa uplktal ceijrnktcje kbjut tmacr ektcjekd axpjrt `jetrjd prjàss kvkcdkbda tj jtmars ce

tma EPH, wctm tma hjkd ji nkoceh tmcs prk`tcà k ejrn.

• \ma EPH smjudl mcra k `jesudtket tj cnprjva, uphrkla, kel nkxcncza tma aiia`tcvaeass ji

tma EPH wabscta ks k trkespkrae`y kel `jnnuec`ktcjes nalcun.




Nudtcdktarkd Eu`dakr Iuad Kssurkeàs

Ce Laànbar 26;6, tma CKAK bjkrl ji hjvarejrs kpprjval tma `raktcje ji k eu`dakr iuad

bkeo tmkt wjudl sarva ks k stjphkp suppdy ji djw-aerc`mal urkecun (DAQ) iuad ijr ke

CKAK nanbar stkta, smjudl suppdy ji iuad tj tmkt stkta irjn jtmar sjuràs ba cetarruptal

ijr eje-`jnnar`ckd raksjes. Okzkomstke mks vjduetaaral tj mjst tma iuad bkeo. \ma DAQ

wjudl ba jweal by tma CKAK.

\ma astkbdcsmnaet ji tma iuad bkeo nky eaàssctkta sjna klgustnaets jr `dkrc`ktcjes

ce EPH hucladceas, skcl jea pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaet ji`ckd lurceh tma wjrosmjp. —Ct

nust ba latarnceal wmatmar tma DAQ rasarva kel subsaquaet trkesiars ji iuad tj tma

CKAK kel tmae tmarakitar tj ra`cpcaet stktas kra `jnpktcbda wctm tma EPH hucladceas,„

ma skcl. Ma kdsj skcl tmkt tma EPH hucladceas smjudl ba knaelal tj spadd jut tma EPH–s

ncsscje jr pjsctcje je kssurkeà ji suppdy. Kejtmar pkrtc`cpket, njra haearkddy, urhal

tma EPH tj nkoa k ijrnkd stktanaet ce tma hucladceas kel —kljpt eaw dkehukha wmc`m

raiars tj EV\ Krtc`da CY rchmts kel rahcstars EPH–s ̀ jnnctnaet tj prjnjta cetarektcjekd`jjparktcje kel rakddy rakirn tma cekdcaekbda rchmt ji kdd EV\ pkrtcas tj tma pakàiud

usas ji eu`dakr aearhy, ks djeh ks tma ra`cpcaets kra `jeijrnceh wctm tmacr EV\ jbdchk-

tcjes. Pcncdkr la`dkrktcjes kra ijuel ce stktanaets ji tma QE Haearkd Kssanbdy, QEP@

Rasjdutcje ;==8, kel ce tma ljùnaets ji tma EV\ Ravcaw @jeiaraeàs.„

K``jrlceh tj jea pkrtc`cpket, tmara kra kdsj cssuas ijr tma EPH tj rasjdva `jeàre-

ceh tma ael-usar àrtc`ktas ijr trkesiar ji eu`dakr nktarckd ce tma iuad bkeo. —Ael-usar

àrtc`ktas kra naetcjeal ce tma hucladceas ijr tma trkesiar ji _eu`dakr^ nktarckd… . But

tma prjàlura ijr ael-usar àrtc`ktas cs ejt `dakrdy laeal, ejr ljas ct mkva k rahudktjry

irknawjro ijr usceh kel kppdyceh ael-usar àrtc`ktas ce prk`tcà. \mara axcsts ke ueàr-

tkcety kel tma EPH hucladceas lj ejt klaquktady kllrass tma rudas ijr cssuceh ael-usaràrtc`ktas.„ Ma kdsj skcl tmkt tmara cs knbchucty `jeàreceh sjna ael-usar-radktal cssuas,

ce`dulceh wmc`m kutmjrcty ce tma cnpjrtceh `juetry mks tma raspjescbcdcty tj cssua ael-

usar àrtc`ktas kel wmkt mkppaes ce `ksas ce wmc`m varc`ktcje ji ke ael-usar àrtc`kta

cs laanal eaàsskry.

\mara nky ba `ksas, kejtmar pkrtc`cpket skcl, wmara tma ael-usar àrtc`kta wjudl ba

cssual by ke khae`y wmc`m wjudl ejt ba `jnpktcbda wctm tma axpjrt `jetrjd dkw ce ke

EPH suppdcar stkta. \mara kra kdsj quastcjes kbjut tma rchmt ji tma ra`cpcaet tj ra-axpjrt

tma iuad. Ce `ksas ce wmc`m tma iuad wks tj ba ra-axpjrtal wctmjut `jesaet, wmj wjudl ba

madl k``juetkbda: \ma CKAK, jr tma stkta tmkt suppdcal tma urkecun: \mcs pkrtc`cpket

klvcsal tmkt —ke ax`mkeha ji vcaws„ kbjut ael-usar àrtc`ktas smjudl tkoa pdkà wctmcetma @jesudtktcva Hrjup, kel tmkt jea jr njra pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets smjudl prapkra

k ljùnaet jutdceceh k bast prk`tcà ijr ael-usar àrtc`ktas.

Ce EPH ladcbarktcjes sj ikr, kejtmar pkrtc`cpket skcl, sjna pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets

mkva tkoae tma pjsctcje tmkt axpjrt `jetrjd cssuas radktal tj nudtcdktarkd eu`dakr iuad `y`da

na`mkecsns `ke ba kllrassal wctmjut tmacr ce`duscje ce tma EPH hucladceas.

K``jrlceh tj jtmar pkrtc`cpkets, ce `ksas ce wmc`m k stkta raquasts DAQ irjn tma iuad

bkeo, tma CKAK wjudl prjvcla tma eaàsskry ljùnaetktcje ijr tma trkesiar k``jrlceh

tj tma axpjrt `jetrjd raqucranaets ji tma `juetry mjstceh tma iuad bkeo. \ma prjpjskd



Nkro Mcbbs | 1;

ijr tma iuad bkeo na`mkecsn, wmc`m wks kpprjval by tma CKAK bjkrl ji hjvarejrs, sats

`jelctcjes tmkt wjudl mkva tj ba nat by k ra`cpcaet stkta. \masa ce`dula k pakàiud-usa

`jnnctnaet, CKAK skiahukrls, kel dcnctktcje ji tma usa ji tma urkecun ks iuad ijr ada`-

trc` pjwar haearktcje ce k spa`c` rak`tjr ks claetcal ce tma jrchcekd khraanaet batwaae

tma iuad suppdcar kel tma ra`cpcaet. K``jrlceh tj pkrtc`cpkets, tmasa `jelctcjes kra ejt

claetc`kd wctm tma `jelctcjes ji suppdy ji urkecun iuad axprassal ce tma EPH hucladceas?

tma lciiaraeàs nust ba ra`tcal.

\ma EPH kel Nudtcdktarkd Iuad Kssurkeàs

\ma EPH smjudl raquast irjn Okzkomstke, kel parmkps k iaw jtmar stktas, lcsùsscje pkpars

je hjjl prk`tcàs ijr nudtcdktarkd iuad bkeos kel aspa`ckddy ael-usa stktanaet kel jbdchktcjes

(—flkh„) nkekhanaet.

Njra haearkddy, tma EPH smjudl `jesclar mjw eu`dakr axpjrt `jetrjds, uetcd ejw klncecstaral by

ektcjekd hjvarenaets, wjudl ba cnpdanaetal uelar k nudtcdktarkd iuad kssurkeà s`mana.





10

@je`duscje7 \ma EPH kt tma@rjssrjkls ji ke AvjdvcehEu`dakr \rkla Rahcna

Jvar tma ̀ jursa ji njra tmke tmraa la`klas, tma EPH, ijr ̀ jnpaddceh raksjes, mks ba`jna

tma daklceh nudtcdktarkd eu`dakr axpjrt `jetrjd krrkehanaet. Lurceh tma pkst la`kla, tma

lrknktc` avjdutcje ji cetarektcjekd eu`dakr trkla, ks wadd ks ji tma eu`dakr prjdciarktcje

tmrakts k``jnpkeyceh tmkt trkla, mks lanjestrktal tmkt ce tma iutura tma EPH nust

rankce ke assaetckd cestrunaet tj pravaet eu`dakr nktarckd, aqucpnaet, kel ta`mejdjhy

irjn hattceh cetj tma mkels ji tmjsa wmj saao tj lavadjp eu`dakr krns.

\ma wjrosmjp madl by tma @kreahca Aeljwnaet ce Brussads ce Nky axpdjral k eun-

bar ji cssuas tmkt wcdd `jeirjet tma EPH ejw kel ce `jnceh yakrs. Pjna ji tmasa“ijr

axknpda, mjw tma hrjup lakds wctm @mcek–s eu`dakr trkla wctm Vkocstke“wcdd raqucrakeswars vary sjje. Jtmar cssuas“su`m ks mjw tma

EPH kpprjk`mas iutura nanbarsmcp kel mjw ct

klkpts cts trkla rudas“mkva k sjnawmkt djehar trk-

ga`tjry, but tmay nust ba kllrassal ci tma EPH cs tj

ba aiia`tcva kel `ralcbda.

\ma EPH wks ijrnal by k hrjup ji eu`dakr

suppdcar stktas tmkt wara `jevceàl kitar tma rst

Celcke eu`dakr axpdjscva tast tmkt tma EV\ kdjea

wjudl ejt mkdt tma sprakl ji eu`dakr wakpjes. \mkt

kssassnaet prjval tj ba `jrra`t. K eunbar ji EV\pkrtcas bahceeceh ce tma dkta ;386s“Ejrtm Ojrak,

Ahypt, Crkq, Crke, Dcbyk, tma Rapubdc` ji Ojrak, Pyrck, kel parmkps Nykenkr“aehkhal

ce uela`dkral jr `dkelastcea eu`dakr k`tcvctcas. \ma la`cscjes ji hjvarenaets tj `mkddaeha

tma EV\ by aehkhceh ce tmasa k`tcvctcas lcl ejt stan irjn tmacr `jeàre tmkt k —`krtad„ ji

eu`dakr suppdcars wks bdjòceh tmacr k`àss tj pakàiud eu`dakr lavadjpnaet. \ma uela-

`dkral k`tcvctcas ce tmasa `juetrcas dcoawcsa wara ejt tarncektal jr la`dkral tj tma CKAK

ks k rasudt ji `jeàsscjes je eu`dakr trkla nkla tj tmasa `juetrcas by EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh

hjvarenaets.

\ma EPH nust rankce ke assaetckd

cestrunaet tj pravaet eu`dakr nktarckd,

aqucpnaet, kel ta`mejdjhy irjn

hattceh cetj tma mkels ji tmjsa wmj

saao tj lavadjp eu`dakr krns.




Irjn cts ceàptcje, tma EPH axàalal tma tarns ji EV\ Krtc`da CCC.2 wmae ct sat kllc-

tcjekd `jelctcjes ijr eu`dakr `jnnarà ce ;38=. \ma lcstkeà batwaae tma kspcrktcjes ji

tma EPH kel tma nkelkta ji Krtc`da CCC.2 mks ba`jna avae hraktar jvar tcna, aspa`ckddy

ks suppdcar stktas– tmrakt kssassnaets avjdval. Irjn tmcs pjcet ji vcaw, tma la`cscje ce

prce`cpda by tma hrjup ce 266= tj dcit eu`dakr trkla ske`tcjes khkcest Celck wks ejt ke

cddjhc`kd lavadjpnaet.

But tmkt la`cscje tmraa yakrs khj mkl tj rkcsa tma quastcje ji wmatmar tmkt stap wks

trudy k —scehudkr axàptcje„ tj prce`cpdas sat by ;36 EV\ pkrtcas, ks cts nkce klvj`ktas

`dkcnal, jr wmatmar ct cestakl nkroal k schec`ket

`jursa `jrra`tcje by tma EPH tjwkrl tma hjkd ji

jbtkceceh tma klmaraeà kel pkrtc`cpktcje ji kdd

eu`dakr suppdcar stktas, ce`dulceh tmjsa jutscla tma

EV\ tmkt mkva urkecun aerc`mnaet, raprjàssceh,

kel eu`dakr wakpjes.

@kreahca tmaraijra kcnal tj put tma EPH–s radk-

tcjesmcp tj tma EV\ tj tma tast lurceh tmcs wjro-

smjp. Vkrtc`cpkets irjn Celck, Csrkad, kel Vkocstke

prasaetal krhunaets ks tj wmy tmasa `juetrcas

smjudl ba ce`dulal ce tma krrkehanaet. \mara wks ej `jesaesus knjeh tma pkrtc`cpkets

ce tma wjrosmjp tmkt tmkt smjudl mkppae ce tma eakr iutura.

Celaal, sjna pkrtc`cpkets skcl tmkt tma EPH–s raàet kirnktcje tmkt jedy EV\ pkr-

tcas nky jbtkce AER schecal tmkt suppdcar stktas kra ijr ejw radu`tket tj hj ikrtmar ljwe

tma rjkl ce lcvjr`ceh tma hrjup irjn k hdjbkd trakty bcelceh ;=1 stktas ejt tj k`qucra

eu`dakr krns. But sjna pkrtc`cpkets kdsj skcl tmkt tma EPH wjudl ejt udtcnktady su`àal

ce tma iutura uedass kdd eu`dakr-suppdcar kel eu`dakr-krnal stktas klmara tj cts hucladceas,aiia`tcvady smkra ceijrnktcje, kel `jjparkta wctm tma krrkehanaet.

Ce tma naketcna, tma EPH `ke lj njra tj uecvarskdcza klmaraeà tj cts hucladceas.

Vkrtc`cpkets suhhastal tmkt nkey jr parmkps avae njst ji tma QE–s ;30 nanbar stktas

wjudl ejt pkrtc`cpkta ce k hdjbkd axpjrt `jetrjd trakty. But sceà 266<, kdd tmasa stktas

mkva baae `jnncttal tj `jetrjddceh tmacr axpjrts uelar QEP@ Rasjdutcje ;1<6, kel tma

EPH smjudl wjro `djsady wctm tma ;1<6 @jnncttaa tj astkbdcsm kel uecvarskdcza k hdjbkd

stkelkrl ijr eu`dakr axpjrt `jetrjds, kel tj bucdl `kpk`cty ce ektcjekd hjvarenaets tj

mkva tmkt stkelkrl kppdcal kel aeijràl.

Ks pkrt ji tmkt prjàss, tma EPH `ke tkoa jtmar staps tmkt wcdd lanjestrkta trkespkr-

ae`y tj ejepkrtc`cpkets kel cespcra `jelaeà ce tman tmkt tma krrkehanaet cs `jnnct-tal tj eu`dakr trkla aqucty. Aehkhceh wctm tmjsa `juetrcas ejw kel ce tma iutura wcdd ba

ikr njra ̀ rctc`kd tmke kt key tcna ce tma EPH–s mcstjry, ba`kusa cetarektcjekd eu`dakr ̀ jn-

narà cs rkpcldy avjdvceh kwky irjn pjcet-tj-pjcet trkesiars kel cetj k systan ji ̀ jnpdax

trkesk`tcjes cevjdvceh lastcektcjes kel k`tjrs tmkt mkva uetcd ejw baae lcs`jeea`tal

irjn tma wjrdl ji eu`dakr trkla `jetrjds.

Njrajvar, tma vjduna ji eu`dakr trkla kel tma eunbar ji aetctcas tkoceh pkrt ce ct

cs rkpcldy ce`raksceh. Lurceh tma `jnceh twj la`klas, tma eunbar ji pjwar rak`tjrs ce

tma wjrdl“k eunbar wmc`m mks baae stkbda lurceh tma dkst twaety yakrs“nky ljubda.

Ce k hdjbkdczal aevcrjenaet ce wmc`m

eu`dakr hjjls nky ba prjluàl

jr trkesk`tal keywmara ce tma

wjrdl, tma EPH nust rak`m jut.



Nkro Mcbbs | 11

\j aiia`tcvady `jetrjd k bchhar trkla vjduna, tma EPH nust rchjrjusdy `mkddaeha cts jwe

mkbcts kel tmjsa ji cts pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaets? ct nust wjro njra `djsady wctm aeijr`-

ars, `jnpkra ejtas wctm jtmar nudtcdktarkd axpjrt `jetrjd krrkehanaets, kel“lurceh tma

eaxt tmraa yakrs“nkoa wktarsmal la`cscjes kbjut wmkt hjjls ct smjudl `jetrjd ce tma

iutura kel mjw ct smjudl `jetrjd tman.

Lurceh tma wjrosmjp, k iaw pkrtc`cpkets suhhastal tmkt sjna hjvarenaets wcdd rascst

aiijrts tj ijrha radktcjesmcps batwaae tma EPH kel jtmars tmkt smkra tma raspjescbcdcty ji

pravaetceh tma sprakl ji wakpjes ji nkss lastru`tcje, ks wadd ks tmjsa wmjsa trust wcdd ba

assaetckd ci tma EPH cs tj ba `ralcbda. But njra ejw tmke avar baijra, tma EPH `keejt

iue`tcje ce csjdktcje, kel ct ̀ keejt ba k `dub. Ce k hdjbkdczal aevcrjenaet ce wmc`m eu`dakr

hjjls nky ba prjluàl jr trkesk`tal keywmara ce tma wjrdl, tma EPH nust rak`m jut.





18

Ejtas

; Cetarektcjekd Pancekr je tma Rjda ji Axpjrt @jetrjds ce Eu`dakr Ejeprjdciarktcje, Ycaeek,

J`tjbar 8‐= , ;338, www.eu`dakrsuppdcarshrjup.jrh/Daeh/VLI/Pancekr@jetrjd;.pli? Pa`jel

EPH Cetarektcjekd Pancekr je tma Rjda ji Axpjrt @jetrjds ce Eu`dakr Ejeprjdciarktcje, Qectal

Ektcjes Maklqukrtars, Eaw Sjro, Kprcd =‐3, ;333, www.eu`dakrsuppdcarshrjup.jrh/Daeh/VLI/

[email protected].

2 \ma Wkehhar @jnncttaa–s —trchhar dcst„ wks rst pubdcsmal by tma CKAK ce ;38<, www.ckak.jrh/

Vubdc`ktcjes/Ljùnaets/Cei`cr`s/Jtmars/cei263.smtnd.

0 @jnnuec`ktcje Raàcval irjn @artkce Nanbar Ptktas Rahkrlceh Hucladceas ijr tma Axpjrt

ji Eu`dakr Nktarckd, Aqucpnaet jr \a`mejdjhy, Cetarektcjekd Ktjnc` Aearhy Khae`y, Iabrukry

;38=, www.vartc`.jrh/nalck/kssats/ecnZlj`s/EPH%26kel%26W@/CEI@CR@-21<.pli.

< @jnnuec`ktcje Raàcval irjn @artkce Nanbar Ptktas Rahkrlceh Hucladceas ijr tma Axpjrt ji

Eu`dakr Nktarckd, Aqucpnaet jr \a`mejdjhy, Cetarektcjekd Ktjnc` Aearhy Khae`y, Gudy ;332,

www.ckak.jrh/Vubdc`ktcjes/Ljùnaets /Cei`cr`s/Jtmars/cei`cr`21<r;p2.pli.

1 Kda` Bkar, —Eu`dakr Puppdcars Hrjup kel cts \cna,„ Pa`jel EPH Cetarektcjekd Pancekr je

tma Rjda ji Axpjrt @jetrjds ce Eu`dakr Ejeprjdciarktcje, Kprcd =‐3, ;333, Qectal Ektcjes

Maklqukrtars, Eaw Sjro, @jeiaraeà Rapjrt, www.eu`dakrsuppdcarshrjup.jrh/Daeh/VLI/

[email protected], 3.

9 Runjrs kbjuel tmkt Vkocstke–s aerc`mnaet oejw-mjw cs ce tma mkels ji Kdharck, Ahypt, Celck,

Crkq, Csrkad, Nykenkr, Pkulc Krkbck, Pyrck, Pulke, kel \uroay, knjeh jtmars. Ejea ji tmasa

runjrs mks baae `jernal, kel ce sjna `ksas hjvarenaets mkva laecal tman. Ce raàet yakrs,

prass rapjrts mkva spaùdktal tmkt Omke sarval k —ijurtm ùstjnar„ ce kllctcje tj Crke, Dcbyk,

kel Ejrtm Ojrak. Paa Gaiiray Dawcs, —\ma Ijurtm @ustjnar,„ Krns @jetrjd Xjeo, Kprcd 22,

2661, mttp 7//dawcs.krns`jetrjdwjeo.`jn/kr`mcva/11=/tma-ijurtm-ùstjnar? kel Ljuhdks

Irketz, Cetarvcaw wctm \kvcs Pncday, \kvcs Pncday , VBP, Gkeukry 2;, 26;;, www.pbs.jrh/weat/

tkvcssncday/cetarvcaws/kutmjr-ljuhdks-irketz.

8 Vrcvkta ̀ jnnuec`ktcjes irjn EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaet ji`ckds.

= Nc`mkad Orapje, —Cs tma QP-Celck Eu`dakr @jjparktcje Khraanaet Hjjl jr Bkl ijrVrjdciarktcje:„ Ptcnsje @aetar, Kuhust 0;, 2661, www.stcnsje.jrh/asskys/cs-tma-us-celck-

eu`dakr-`jjparktcje-khraanaet-hjjl-jr-bkl-ijr-prjdciarktcje.

3 —Russck 7 Eu`dakr Axpjrt s tj Celck,„ Eu`dakr \mrakt Cectcktcva, @aetar ijr Ejeprjdciarktcje

Ptulcas, 26;6, www.etc.jrh/lb/ecsprjis/russck/axpjrts/ruscel/eu`djvr.mtn.

;6 Vkrkhrkpm <.(b) ji Cei`cr`/21</Vkrt ;.

;; —Russcke Iuad ijr \krkpur Rudal Jut,„ Mcelu, Laànbar 9, 266<.




;2 [uaetce Nc`mad, —Anarhceh Cetarektcjekd Ptkelkrls7 Ci k Lrakn @judl @jna \rua,„ Qecvarscty

ji Dcíha, Nky 28, 2663, mttp7//dj`kd.lrjct.udh.k`.ba/sk/uaa/klnce/da/pubdc/2663;660681;<6Z

Askrlk[N.pli.

;0 —Russck kel Celck rakly tj trkla,„ Xjrdl Eu`dakr \rkla , Laànbar 1, 266=, www.wjrdl-eu`dakr-

eaws.jrh/eawskrtc`da.kspx:cl>2033<&tarns>celck

;< Hdaee Oassdar, —Csrkad Pubncts Eu`dakr \rkla Vdke,„ Xksmcehtje Vjst , Paptanbar 06, 2668.

;1 EPH Vdaekry Naatceh, Ptraehtmaeceh tma Eu`dakr Eje-Vrjdciarktcje Rahcna, Hjtmaeburh,

Pwalae, Nky 28‐2=, 266<, www.eu`dakrsuppdcarshrjup.jrh/Daeh/VRAPP/266<-61-hjtabjrh.pli.

;9 Nkro Mcbbs, —\ma Qenkoceh ji k Eu`dakr Pnuhhdar,„ Buddatce ji tma Ktjnc` P`caetcsts , vjd. 92,

ej. 9, 01‐<;.

;8 Lkvcl Kdbrchmt, Vkud Brkeeke kel Kelraw P`maad Ptrcòar, —Lata`tceh kel Lcsruptceh Cddc`ct

Eu`dakr \rkla kitar K. [. Omke,„ Xksmcehtje [ukrtardy , vjd. 00, ej. 2, =1‐;69.

;= Vrcvkta `jnnuec`ktcje irjn ke AQ axpjrt ̀ jetrjd ji`ckd.

;3 \mkt hrjup ce`dulas Kdharck, Bkehdklasm, @mcda, Ahypt, Aùkljr, Hmkek, Gjrlke, Dcbyk,

Njrj``j, Jnke, [ktkr, Echarck, Vmcdcppceas, Pkulc Krkbck, \mkcdkel, \uecsck, Yaeazuadk, kelYcatekn.

26 —Celck–s 26tm eu`dakr pjwar pdket hjas `rctc`k d,„ Mcelustke \cnas , Ejvanbar 28, 26;6.

2; —Celck ayaceh 90,666 NX eu`dakr pjwar `kpk`cty by 26027 EV@CD,„ A`jejnc` \cnas , J`tjbar

;;, 26;6.

22 Pkvctk Vkela, —EV\, Axpjrt @jetrjds, kel Eu`dakr \rkla,„ Cestctuta ijr Laiaeà Ptulcas kel

Kekdysas, www.clsk-celck.jrh/ke-sap-<.mtnd.

20 Cetarvaetcje by @krdtje \mjrea, Q.P. Lapkrtnaet ji Ptkta, je \uaslky, J`tjbar 8, ;338

_kutmjr–s ejtas irjn tma naatceh^.

2< Cetarvaetcje by Knbksskljr N. P. Kyktjddkmc, je \uaslky, J`tjbar 8, ;338 _kutmjr–s ejtas irjn

tma naatceh^.

21 Mkrkdl Nuaddar, —\ma 2661 EV\ Ravcaw @jeiaraeà7 Raksjes kel @jesaquaeàs ji Ikcdura kel

Jptcjes ijr Rapkcr,„ www.bdcxkssj`cktas.`jn/wp-`jetaet/updjkls/26;;/60/Ej0;.pli.

29 26;6 EV\ Ravcaw @jeiaraeà K`tcje Vdke irjn tma Icekd Ljùnaet kljptal by 26;6 Ravcaw

@jeiaraeà ji tma Vkrtcas tj tma \rakty je tma Eje-Vrjdciarktcje ji Eu`dakr Xakpjes, www.

rak`mceh`rctc`kdwcdd.jrh/dahkd/ept/rav̀ je26;6/26;6EV\K`tcjeVdke.pli.

28 Vrcvkta `jnnuec`ktcjes tj tma kutmjr irjn pkrtc`cpkets kt EPH pdaekry naatceh ce

Hjtmaeburh, Pwalae, Nky 28‐2=, 266<.

2= —Vkocstke ce \kdos tj Buy @mceasa Rak`tjrs,„ Iceke`ckd \cnas , Gkeukry 2, 2669? Pmkmcl-ur-

Ramnke, —Vkocstke–s eu`dakr bucdlceh pdke hats @mcek–s `jetceual suppjrt,„ Eu`dajec`s Xaao ,

vjd. <8, ej. ;, Gkeukry 1, 2669, 9? Pmkmcl-ur-Ramnke, —VKA@ skys Vkocstke tkoceh staps tjwkrl

eaw rak`tjr `jestru`tcje,„ Eu`dajec`s Xaao , vjd. <8, ej. 2, Gkeukry ;2, 2669, 0.

23 Nkro Mcbbs, —Vkocstke, @mcek pdkeeceh twj ;,666-NX VXRs,„ Eu`dajec`s Xaao , vjd. <8, ej.

<6, J`tjbar 1, 2669, ;.

06 Vrcvkta `jnnuec`ktcje tj tma kutmjr, Ejvanbar 2669.

0; —Csdknkbkl, Bacgceh mkl lciiarceh vcaws je Pcej-Vko eu`dakr `jjparkt cje,„ Lkwe, Paptanbar ;,

2669.



Nkro Mcbbs | 13

02 Nkro Mcbbs, —Vkocstke Lakd Pchekds @mcek–s Hrjwceh Eu`dakr Kssartcvaeass,„ @kreahca Eu`dakr

Aearhy Brcai , Kprcd 28, 26;6, www.`kreahcaaeljwnaet.jrh/26;6/6</28/pkocstke-lakd-schekds-

`mcek-s-hrjwceh-eu`dakr-kssartcvaeass/<su.

00 —NkÚekmnae zur Ptìroueh lar Eje-Vrjdciarktcje uel euodakrae Axpjrtojetrjdda„ (Naksuras

ijr straehtmaeceh ejeprjdciarktcje eu`dakr axpjrt `jetrjds), Harnke Buelastkh, Guea ;<, 26;;,;8/138=, mttp7//lcpbt.buelastkh.la/lcp2;/btl/;8/692/;86922<.pli.

0< Pcllmkrtm Ykrklkrkgke, —CKAK kpprjvas skiahukrls ijr eaw Vkocstkec rak`tjrs,„ Mcelu, Nkr`m

3, 26;;.

01 Vrcvkta `jnnuec`ktcje tj kutmjr, Csdknkbkl, Nky 26;;.

09 —\rkessmcpnaet kel Lcvarscje7 Kra Q.P. \rklceh Vkrtears Ljceh Aejuhm tj Vravaet tma Pprakl

ji Lkeharjus \a`mejdjhcas:„ Makrceh Baijra tma Pub`jnncttaa je \arrjrcsn, Ejeprjdciarktcje

kel \rkla, @jnncttaa je Ijrache Kiikcrs, Mjusa ji Raprasaetktcvas, ;;;tm @jehrass, 2el sas-

scje, Gudy 22, 26;6, Parckd Ej. ;;;-;22, www.hpj.hjv/ilsys/poh/@MRH-;;;mmrh18963/mtnd/

@MRH-;;;mmrh18963.mtn.

08 Vrcvkta `jnnuec`ktcjes tj kutmjr, Guea kel Paptanbar 26;6.

0= Vrcvkta `jnnuec`ktcje tj kutmjr, Gudy 26;;.

03 Vrcvkta `jnnuec`ktcje ji EPH-pkrtc`cpktceh hjvarenaet ji`ckd tj kutmjr, J`tjbar 26;;.

<6 Vrcvkta `jnnuec`ktcje, J`tjbar 26;;.

<; —CKAK Lcra`tjr Haearkd Xad`jnas Q.P. kel Celck Eu`dakr Lakd,„ CKAK Vrass Radaksa , Nkr`m

2, 2669, www.ckak.jrh/eawsàetar/prassradaksas/2669/pre266961.mtnd.

<2 Vrcvkta `jnnuec`ktcjes tj tma kutmjr irjn CKAK nanbar stkta kel CKAK sa`ratkrckt ji`ckds.

<0 Njmknal AdBkrklac, —Ratmceoceh Eu`dakr Pkiahukrls,„ Xksmcehtje Vjst, Guea ;<, 2669.

<< Ce pkrtcùdkr, tma Busm klncecstrktcje ax`dulal key `jesclarktcje ji k scncdkr axàptcje ijr cts

kddy Csrkad ba`kusa ct iakral tmkt jppjsctcje irjn Krkb stktas nchmt prjva iktkd tj tma pdkeeal

axàptcje ijr Celck _prcvkta ̀ jnnuec̀ ktcjes irjn Csrkadc kel Q.P. ji`ckds ce 266=^.

<1 Nkro Mcbbs, —QP rabuiial Csrkadc raquast ijr axàptcje irjn EPH trkla ruda,„ Eu`dakr Iuad , vjd.

02, ej. ;, Gkeukry ;, 2668, ;.

<9 \jby Lkdtje, Nkro Mcbbs, kel Hajrha Varojvc`m, —K @rctarck-Bksal Kpprjk`m tj Eu`dakr

@jjparktcje Xctm Vkocstke,„ Vjdc`y Jutdjjo, @kreahca Aeljwnaet ijr Cetarektcjekd Vakà,

Guea 26;;, www.`kreahcaaeljwnaet.jrh/26;;/69/22/`rctarck-bksal-kpprjk`m-tj-eu`dakr-

`jjparktcje-wctm-pkocstke/2<d.

<8 @jjrlcektceh @jnncttaa ijr Nudtcdktarkd Axpjrt @jetrjds, astkbdcsmal by wastare stktas lurceh

tma @jdl Xkr tj aeijrà k trkla anbkrhj khkcest Xkrskw Vk`t ̀ juetrcas. @j`jn wks tarncektal

ce ;33< kel wks su`àalal ce ;339 by tma Xkssaekkr Krrkehanaet, wmc`m `jnprcsas <6 `jue-

trcas, ce`dulceh ijrnar Xkrskw Vk`t `juetrcas.

<= Cetarektcjekd Ktjnc` Aearhy Khae`y Ceijrnktcje @crùdkr, —@jnnuec`kt cje Raàcval irjn

tma Varnkeaet Ncsscje ji Kustrkdck je Bamkdi ji tma Nanbar Ptktas ji tma Eu`dakr Puppdcars

Hrjup,„ CEI@CR@/103, Paptanbar ;9, ;338, www.ckak.jrh/Vubdc`ktcjes/Ljùnaets/

Cei`cr`s/;338/cei103.smtnd.

<3 Eu`dakr Puppdcars Hrjup Vjcet ji @jetk`t Ejta, Qectal Ptktas @jnnuec`ktcje“—Ijjl ijr

\mjuhmt„ Vkpar je Celcke EPH Nanbarsmcp, Nky 20, 26;;, www.krns`jetrjd.jrh/systan/

das/esh;;06.pli.




16 —QP tj suppjrt Celck–s iudd nanbarsmcp ce EPH,„ \cnas ji Celck , Ejvanbar 9, 26;6.

1; @. \mjrea, —Nudtcdktarkd Eu`dakr Axpjrt @jetrjds 7 Vkst, Vrasaet, kel Iutura,„ 0<.

12 Jea wjrosmjp pkrtc`cpket axpdkceal tmkt trkesiar wctmce tma AQ ji ctans dcstal ce tma AQ Keeax

CY (ce`dulceh `ktahjry 6 trchhar dcst ctans) raqucra ke kutmjrczktcje irjn k suppdcar `juetry, but

wmkt ijrn tma kutmjrczkt cje tkoas cs ejt spa`cal. AQ lukd-usa rahudktcje ljas ejt rahudkta jr

stcpudkta ke kutmjrczktcje raqucranaet ijr `juetrcas wmara hjjls kra trkesctal. \mara kra sjna

skiahukrls-radktal (skia trkespjrt, pubdc` makdtm) raqucranaets tmkt nchmt kdsj tkoa tma ijrn ji

ke kutmjrczktcje, but tmasa kra ejt spa`c`kddy axpjrt-`jetrjd-radktal.

10 Rc`mkrl Hjjravc`m, —Lavadjpnaet ji tma EPH kel tma Vmcdjsjpmy ji Axpjrt @jetrjds,„ EPH,

J`tjbar ;1, 2663, www.eu`dakrsuppdcarshrjup.jrh/Daeh/VLI/2663-LavadjpnaetZjiZtmaZ

EPH-AxpjrtZ@jetrjds-RZHjjravc`m.pli.

1< Irctz X. P`mnclt, —\ma Wkehhar @jnncttaa 7 Cts Mcstjry kel Iutura Rjda,„ Gknas Nkrtce

@aetar ijr Ejeprjdciarktcje Ptulcas (@EP), Ejeprjdciarktcje Ravcaw , Ikdd ;33<, mttp7//ès.nccs.

alu/epr/plis/s`mncl2;.pli.

11 Ce pkrtcùdkr Cke Ketmjey, @mrcstar Kmdstrjn, Yctkdy Ial`maeoj, —Raijrnceh Eu`dakr Axpjrt

@jetrjds7 \ma Iutura ji tma Eu`dakr Puppdcars Hrjup,„ Pcprc Rasakr`m Rapjrt ej. 22, PtjòmjdnCetarektcjekd Vakà Rasakr`m Cestctuta, 2668. Paa kdsj L. Kdbrchmt kel @. Mcelarstace,

—Qerkvadceh tma K. [. Omke kel iutura prjdciarktcje eatwjros,„ Xksmcehtje [ukrtardy , vjd. 2=,

ej. 2, 2661.

19 N. AdBkrklac, —Pkvceh Jursadvas irjn Lastru`tcje,„ Eaw Sjro \cnas , Iabrukry ;2, 266<.

18 —@jnbktceh Vrjdciarkt cje Iceke`ceh7 K Ptktus Rapjrt je Vjdc`y Lavadjpnaet kel

@jesudtktcje,„ Iceke`ckd K`tcje \kso Ijrà, Iabrukry 26;6, www.ikti-hk.jrh/

lktkja`l/02/<6/<16<33;;.pli.



9;

Kbjut tma Kutmjr

NKRO MCBBP cs k saecjr kssj`ckta ce tma @kreahca Aeljwnaet–s Eu`dakr Vjdc`y

Vrjhrkn. Baijra gjceceh @kreahca, ma wks ke alctjr kel `jrraspjelaet ijr jvar twaety

yakrs ijr eu`dakr aearhy pubdc`ktcjes, ce`dulceh Eu`dajec`s Xaao kel Eu`dakr Iuad , pub-

dcsmal by tma Vdktts lcvcscje ji tma N`Hrkw-Mcdd @jnpkecas.Irjn tma dkta ;3=6s uetcd tma ncl-;336s, ma ̀ jvaral eu`dakr lavadjpnaets ce tma Pjvcat

bdj`, ce`dulceh rasakr`m je tma QPPR–s eu`dakr iuad `y`da ik`cdctcas kel cts eu`dakr nktarc-

kds cevaetjrcas. Pceà tma ncl-;336s, mcs wjro mks ijùsal je anarhceh eu`dakr prjhrkns

ce Ksck, ce`dulceh @mcek kel Celck.

\mrjuhmjut tma dkst twj la`klas, nkey ji mcs njra tmke 0,666 krtc`das cevastchktal

eu`dakr-prjdciarktcje-radktal lavadjpnaets ce Krhaetcek, Brkzcd, @mcek, Celck, Crke, Crkq,

Csrkad, Gkpke, Dcbyk, Ejrtm kel Pjutm Ojrak, Vkocstke, Pjutm Kirc`k, Pyrck, kel \kcwke.

Pceà 2660, ma mks nkla nkey latkcdal elcehs kbjut `dkelastcea prjùranaet ce

Aurjpa radktal tj hks àetrciuha urkecun aerc`mnaet prjhrkns ce Crke, Dcbyk, Ejrtm

Ojrak, kel Vkocstke.



@kreahca Aeljwnaet

ijr Cetarektcjekd Vakà

\ma @kreahca Aeljwnaet ijr Cetarektcjekd Vakà cs k prcvkta, ejeprjt jrhkeczktcje

lalc`ktal tj klvke`ceh `jjparktcje batwaae ektcjes kel prjnjtceh k`tcva cetarektcjekd

aehkhanaet by tma Qectal Ptktas. Ijuelal ce ;3;6, cts wjro cs ejepkrtcske kel lalc`ktal

tj k`mcavceh prk`tc`kd rasudts.

Ks ct àdabrktas cts @aetaeeckd, tma @kreahca Aeljwnaet cs pcjeaarceh tma rst hdjbkd

tmceo tkeo, wctm fljurcsmceh jiàs ejw ce Xksmcehtje, Njs`jw, Bacgceh, Bacrut, kelBrussads. \masa va dj`ktcjes ce`dula tma àetars ji wjrdl hjvarekeà kel tma pdkàs

wmjsa pjdctc`kd avjdutcje kel cetarektcjekd pjdc`cas wcdd njst latarncea tma eakr-tarn

pjsscbcdctcas ijr cetarektcjekd pakà kel a`jejnc` klvkeà.

\ma @kreahca Eu`dakr Vjdc`y Vrjhrkn cs ke cetarektcjekddy k``dkcnal sjurà ji axpar-

tcsa kel pjdc`y tmceoceh je eu`dakr celustry, ejeprjdciarktcje, saùrcty, kel lcskrnknaet.

Cts nudtcektcjekd stkii stkys kt tma ijrairjet ji eu`dakr pjdc`y cssuas ce tma Qectal Ptktas,

Russck, @mcek, Ejrtmakst Ksck, Pjutm Ksck, kel tma Ncllda Akst.



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The Future of the Nuclear Suppliers Group