Umunsi wa mbere w’inyigisho - sehorana.e-monsite.comsehorana.e-monsite.com/medias/files/duhugurane-umwaka-wa-kabiri...1 S. Auroux, Les notions philosophiques, Dictionnaire, T 1,

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ICYUMWERU CYA MBERE

ISOMO RYA MBERE

1. IMIBEREHO Y’UMUKRISTO Intego rusange :

Gusobanura intego y‟imibereho y‟umukristo

Umunsi wa mbere w’inyigisho

1.1 Imyifatire y’umukristo

Intego igamijwe: Kwerekana umwihariko w‟imyifatire y‟umukristo uyigereranyije n‟imibereho rusange

y‟umuntu

Ibice bisomwa:

Gutegeka kwa kabiri 6: 1-9 Mariko 1: 14-15 Kuva 20: 1-17

Abaroma 14: 7-8 Amosi 8: 4-8 Abakolosayi 3: 17

1.1.1 Imyifatire ni iki?

Ijambo imyifatire rikomoka kury‟ikigiriki “etikosi” (êthikos) risobanura imibereho, naryo

rikaba riva kuri “etosi” (ethos) rivuga imico cyangwa imyitwarire. Ijambo imyifatire rikunze

gukoreshwa havugwa imibereho mu buryo butandukanye, ryerekana by‟umwihariko:

- amabwiriza ayobora ibikorwa by‟umuntu ahantu hose guhitamo bishoboka.

- amahame agenga ibikorwa by‟abantu bishingiye ku itsinda runaka babamo , iyo ari ryo

rigena amategeko y‟imyifatire1. Imyifatire ni ijambo rigari, nicyo gituma havugwa imyifatire

mu by‟ubuhanga, imyifatire mu by‟idini, imyifatire mu by‟ubuvuzi, imyifatire irebana n‟akazi

umuntu akora, imyifatire ijyana n‟imiterere y‟umubiri w‟umuntu.

a) Imyifatire ya gikristo

Bibiliya niyo soko nkuru kandi ihuriweho n‟abakristo bose y‟imyifatire ya gikristo. Mu

Isezerano rya Kera, amategeko ubwoko bwa Isirayeli bwahawe agamije ibintu bitatu: impano,

isezerano n‟umugambi2. Uburyo Imana yiyerekanyemo ni ubutanga umudendezo ku bwoko

bwayo, ariko ibikorwa byayo bisaba ko umuntu nawe agira icyo yiyemeza. Icyo cyemezo ni

umugambi wo kuyubaha kugira ngo umuntu arinde umudendezo n‟icyo ari cyo (ikimuranga)3.

Amategeko y‟Imana agamije kwinjiza umuntu mu isezerano n‟Imana (Kuva 20:2-17).

Ubutumwa bw‟abahanuzi bugenewe ubwoko bwa Isirayeli muri rusange, abatambyi

n‟abanditsi bakuru by‟umwihariko bubasaba guhamirisha ibikorwa n‟imyifatire kubaha Imana

umuremyi n‟umukiza.

1 S. Auroux, Les notions philosophiques, Dictionnaire, T 1, VII, P.U.F. Paris, 1990, p.870.

2 E. Fuchs, Comment faire pour bien faire ? Genève, 1996, p.112.

3 Ibidem, p.112.

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ICYUMWERU CYA MBERE

Isezerano Rishya naryo rishimangira uko gucungura ubwoko bw‟Imana mu bubata bw‟icyaha

no mu butamenya. Intego ni Ubutumwa bwa Yesu, ni uguhindura imyifatire, kugira imyifatire

mishya, kuko Ubwami bw‟Imana buri hafi (Mariko 1:15). Ubutumwa bwiza buhamagarira

buri muntu gusobanukirwa imibereho ye, iya bagenzi be ndetse no gukora kw‟Imana4.

b) Itandukaniro ry’imyifatire dukurikije kiliziya gatulika n’Amatorero y’

abaporotesitanti

N‟ubwo muri iki gihe ibiganiro hagati ya Kilizaya gatulika n‟Amatorero y‟abaporotesitanti

bituma hari ibyo ayo Matorero yombi agenda yumvikanaho mu byerekeranye na tewolojiya,

hari ibitarumvikanwaho bifite inkomoko mu mateka. Urugero ni nk‟ imyigishirize ivuga ko

umuntu ashobora gukizwa n‟imirimo akora5.

Iyo myigishirije niyo abavuguruye Itorero (abatangije Itorero ry‟Abaporotesitanti) mu

kinyejana cya 16 barwanyije.

Kuri Luteri, imyifatire igomba gushingirwa ku gusobanukirwa neza ugutsindishirizwa

n‟ubuntu ku bwo kwizera, “imibereho ishingira ku gutsindishirizwa, bityo imirimo

n‟amategeko ntibibe bigihabwa umwanya w‟imbere”. Yohani Kaluvini nawe ashyigikira icyo

gitekerezo iyo avuga ko “kuvugururwa cyangwa kwezwa bikeshwa kwinjira muri Kristo Yesu

ku bwo kwizera”. Bityo, imyifatire ku baporotesitanti igomba kumurikira ibikorwa:

“itoranywa ni ishingiro ry‟imibereho mishya, impamvu ndakuka y‟imyifatire…Twatoranijwe

n‟Imana kugira ngo tugire imibereho iboneye”. Iyo myumvire ya giporotesitanti niyo yaje

kuba intandaro y‟iterambere mu by‟inganda, mu bya politiki, no mu kubungabunga

ibidukikije. Imyifatire ivugwa na Kaluvini yateguye ibihe bishya, ibihe by‟abantu batinyutse,

b‟abarwanashyaka, bazana impinduka nziza6

c) Imyifatire ya gikristo muri Afurika

Mu kuvuga imyifatire ya gikristo muri Afurika ni ngombwa kwibaza tuti ni iyihe myifatire, ni

ibihe bikorwa byagombye kuranga umukristo w‟umunyafurika muri iki gihe kiganjemo

inzangano, ubukene, Sida, kwisanisha kw‟isi yose n‟ibindi byinshi. Nti tukiri mu bihe

by‟ubwigenge, ni igihe cyo guharanira kurangwa n‟imyifatire ya gikristo y‟Ubwami

bw‟Imana ku mugabane w‟Afurika.Ibyo bikagaragarira mu gusohoza inshingano no mu

buhamya bw‟Itorero muri Afurika. Ubuhamya bw‟umukristo ni ngombwa mu Itorero, kandi

uburyo abaho n‟amagambo avuga bibigiramo uruhare rukomeye7.

Ibibazo:

1. Ni iyihe soko nyamukuru y‟imyifatire ya gikristo?

2. Ni iyihe sano iri hagati y‟impano y‟Imana no kumvira k‟umuntu muri Bibiliya?

3. Itandukaniro hagati y‟imyifatire kuri Kiliziya gatulika no ku Babaporotesitanti rishingiye

kuki?

4. Ni ibihe bibazo birebana n‟imyifatire byugarije Afurika muri iki gihe?

4 Ibidem, p. 113.

5 R. Mehl, Ethique Catholique et éthique protestante, in cahiers théologiques 61, Naechâtel (Suisse), 1970, p.

24. 6 Ibidem, p. 16, 17, 21 et 24.

7 J. Ngah, Etre témoins de Jésus Christ aujourd‟hui en Afrique, Yaoundé, 2005, p. 9.

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ICYUMWERU CYA MBERE

Umunsi wa kabiri w’inyigisho

1.2 Inshingano y’umukristo mu isi Intego igamijwe:

Kwerekana ko umukristo afite inshingano agomba gusohoza akoreshejwe n‟Ubutumwa bwiza

Ibice bisomwa:

Itangiriro 2: 15 Yeremiya 7: 5-7

Matayo 5: 13-16 Yakobo 2: 14-26

Imyizerere yacu muri Kristo Yesu yumvikanisha ko dufatanije nawe umurimo, kandi ko

twawugize uwacu, “Uko Data yantumye niko nanjye mbatumye” (Yohana 20: 21).Mu gihe

cy‟umurimo we hano ku isi, Yesu yazengurutse Galilaya na Yudeya yigisha, abwiriza

Ubutumwa bwiza (Matayo 2: 23; 9: 35), akora ibyiza kandi akiza abantu bose ububata

bw‟abadayimoni (Ibyakozwe n‟Intumwa 10: 38). Nicyo gituma “uko ibihe by‟amateka

y‟Itorero byagiye bisimburana, ivugabutumwa no kugira umurimo uwabo kw‟abizera

byagiye bigendana”8.

Icyakora ni ngombwa kuvuga ko uwo murimo wa Yesu wumviswe kandi ugasobanurwa

n‟abantu bamwe ukundi. Abo ni abatarashoboye kuwinjiramo kandi bagashaka gutandukanya

ibintu bishira n‟iby‟ubugingo. Ibyo birakatwereka uruhare runini ubwenge bw‟abagiriki

bwagize mu guhindura tewolojiya n‟imyifatire bya gikristo. Ubwo buhanga bushingiye ku

bintu bibiri bigize ubuzima (ikiza n‟ikibi, iby‟umubiri n‟iby‟ubugingo)9. Kiliziya gatulika

ntiyigeze yiyambura imyumvire nk‟iyo y‟abagiriki kuko yakomeje gutandukanya roho

n‟umubiri10

.

1.2.1 Icyo Bibiliya ivuga ku nshingano y’umukristo mu isi

Ubwo umugabo n‟umugore bari bamaze kuremwa, Imana yabashyize mu ngobyi yo muri

Edeni kugira ngo bayihingire kandi bayirinde (Itangiriro 2: 15). Bityo Imana iba ibahaye

inshingano nk‟abaremwe mu ishusho yayo. Nk‟uko Imana yita ku isi yaremye, ikayishyiramo

gahunda, ikabungabunga ibiremwa byayo, niko umuntu yahawe iyo nshingano. Kuva mbere

hose, umuntu ahamagariwe kwita ku murimo, kuko umurimo niwo utuma habaho iterambere i

Imana ishakira umuntu.11

Abahanuzi bahamagariraga ubudasiba ubwoko bw‟Isirayeli

gusohoza umurimo Imana yabushinze “ Kuko nimugorora rwose inzira zanyu n‟ingeso zanyu,

mugasohoza imanza zitabera z‟umuntu n‟umuturanyi we, ntimubonerane umushyitsi

n‟imfubyi n‟umupfakazi, ntimuvushirize amaraso atariho uruhanza hano, ntimukurikire izindi

mana zitabateza amakuba, nibwo nzabaha gutura aha hantu, igihugu nahaye ba sogokuruza

uhereye kera ukageza iteka ryose”(Yeremiya 7: 5-7). Ibi birerekana ko Isezerano rya Kera

rirarikira ubwoko bw‟Imana kugira uruhare mu guhindura neza aho batuye.Ibikorwa

by‟ubutabera no gukiranuka by‟Imana bigomba kuranga abayiringira.

8 J. Stott, Le chrétien et les défis de la vie moderne, Collection Alliance, Méry-sur-Oise, 1987, p. 3.

9 C. Godin, Dictionnaire de philosophie, Paris, 2004, p. 105.

10 R. Mehl, op.cit, p.71.

11 F. Godet et Al., Bible Annotée, Ancien Testament, Genèse, Exode, P.E.R.L.E., St. Légier, 1985, p.99.

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ICYUMWERU CYA MBERE

Isezerano Rishya naryo rishimangira inyigisho zo mu Isezerano rya Kera kandi rikazisohoza.

Kwihindura umuntu kwa Yesu byerekana uruhare rw‟Imana mu isi (Abafilipi 2: 6-8).

Imibereho ya Yesu , inyigisho ze, imibanire ye n‟abantu, ibikorwa bye bikiza, imibabaro ye,

urupfu no kuzuka bye, gutangiza Itorero no kohereza Umwuka Wera bigamije gusohoza

umurimo w‟Ubwami bw‟Imana mu bantu (Luka 17: 20-21). Intumwa za Yesu, mu rwego rwo

gushaka gukora umurimo umwami wazo yari yarazisigiye, zabwirije kandi zihamya iyo

nshingano mu isi, kugeza n‟ubwo bamwe bemeye kumena amaraso mu izina ry‟Ubutumwa

bwiza (2 Timoteyo 4, 6-8).

Muri iki gihe, uruhare runini rw‟Itorero n‟abakrisito mu nzira y‟imyifatire no kuzana

impinduka nziza mu mibereho y‟abantu ni ugutangaza Yesu Kristo nk‟Umwami n‟umukiza

ahantu hose12

.

1.2.2 Aho umukristo afite inshingano muri iyi si

Kugira inshingano mu isi k‟umukristo ntibivuga kwisanisha n‟isi cyangwa kuyigana. Nk‟uko

uwitwa Guzuwari (Goudzwaard) abivuga, Inshingano y‟umukristo mu isi ni ugushyiramo

ibimenyetso byerekana Ubwami bw‟Imana13

, Ibyo bisaba ubuhamya bw‟igihe cyose.

Abakristo bararikiwe kuba mu isi nk‟uko Yesu yayibayemo « Uko wantumye mu isi ni ko

nanjye nabatumye mu isi » (Yohana 17 : 18). Ni ukuvuga ko nta gice na kimwe cy‟ubuzima

kigomba kwirengagizwa, ubukristo bukwiriye kugaragara ahantu hose no mu bintu byose :

- Mu rwego rwa politiki : abakristo ni umucyo kandi ni umunyu w‟isi (Matayo 5 : 13-14).

Bagomba kugira uruhare mu guharanira ubutabera aho baba no kugira uruhare muri politiki,

kugira ngo bubake umuryango urangwa n‟ukuri ndetse n‟amahoro.

- Mu rwego rw’iterambere mu by’ubukungu : buri mukristo akwiriye guhangayikishwa

n‟inzara, ubukene n‟ibindi byose bidindiza imibereho y‟abantu. Bityo agomba gushyira

imbere umurimo, agamije kuzamura ubukungu bw‟umuryango we by‟umwihariko,

n‟ubw‟umuryango nyarwanda muri rusange

- Mu rwego rw’uburezi n’ubuzima : umukristo agomba gushyira imbere uburezi

n‟ubuzima, byo musingi w‟iterambere, ubuzima n‟ubugingo bisesuye (Yohana 10 : 10b).

- Mu rwego rw’ibidukikikije no kubungabunga ibyo Imana yaremye : umukristo

ategerejweho gucunga neza ubutunzi bw‟aho atuye. Nk‟uragijwe ibyo Imana yaremye,

umuntu agomba kumva ko afite inshingano yo kubibungabunga. Akwiye kurinda ibidukikije

no kwita ku byaremwe muri rusange ashingiye ku kwizera Imana umuremyi kwe.

- Mu rwego rw’amahugurwa n’ivugabutumwa : mu by‟umukristo ndetse n‟Itorero

bashyira imbere, ivugabutumwa n‟amahugurwa ntigomba kuburamo. Guhugura abakristo

kugira ngo bakure mu kwizera, kandi bitangire imirimo y‟Itorero mu isi, ivugabutumwa

kugira ngo habeho guhindukirira Imana na Yesu Kristo, ni inshingano ikomeye kandi igomba

guhora ivugururwa ku Itorero, ndetse no ku mukristo wese.

Ibibazo

1. Wasobanura ute ko umurimo ari ngombwa ? Mbese waba waratewe gusa n‟icyaha ? Ni

izihe mpamvu zindi umurimo ushingiyeho ?

2. Guhinduka umuntu kwa Kristo bitwigisha iki kubyerekeye umugambi wacu hano mu isi ?

3. Vuga kandi usobanure nibura ibintu bitatu umukristo agomba kugiramo uruhare muri iyi

si ?

12

D. Dushiminana, La justice et le Pardon, Vers un Paradigme éthique et Socio-Politique au Rwanda, Butare,

octobre, 1998, inédit, p. 74. 13

Cf. Goudzward, Capitalism and Progress, pp. 187-188 et Aid for Over-developed West, p.58.

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Umunsi wa gatatu w’inyigisho

1.3 Ibyiringiro n’inshingano by’umukristo mu isi Intego igamijwe:

Kwerekana isano iri hagati y‟ibyiringiro n‟inshingano by‟umukristo mu isi.

Ibice bisomwa:

Itangiriro 1: 26-27 Yohana 20: 21-23 Zaburi 25: 1-5

Abefeso 4: 1-6 Yeremiya 31: 15-20

1.3.1 Ibyiringiro n’inshingano

a) Ibyiringiro

Ibyiringiro ni imitekerereze itera umuntu gukomeza umugambi w‟ukuri, mu kwizera ko

uzasohora (1Petero3:15b). Ibyiringiro bikomeza kandi bitera ishyaka umukristo imbere

y‟ibigeregezo by‟ubuzima.

Yohani Kaluvini avuga ko kugira ibyiringiro ari ugushobora gutegereza ibyiza Imana

idusezeranya dushinze imizi mu kwizera14

. Hamwe no kwiringira Imana, uwizera ahishurirwa

ubwami bw‟Imana, bityo agashobozwa kubuharanira, azi neza ko ku Mana imyaka igihumbi

ari nk‟umunsi umwe (Zaburi ya 90: 4; 2 Petero 3: 8)15

.

Mu Isezerano rya Kera, ingingo y‟“ibyiringiro” yerekanwa n‟igihugu cy‟isezerano igihe cyo

kuva mu Egiputa. Naho mu nyigisho z‟abahanuzi hakavugwa cyane ibya Mesiya (Yesaya 11:

1-5).

Isezerano Rishya rigaragara nk‟isohozwa ry‟ibyiringiro byo mu gihe cy‟Isezerano rya Kera,

icyakora rikagumana n‟intumbero y‟igihe kizaza: Ubwami bw‟Imana ni ubw‟igihe cya none

bukaba n‟ubw‟ikizaza. Bwazanywe na Yesu ugira ati “Igihe kirasohoye,ubwami bw‟Imana

buri hafi. Nuko mwihane, mwemere ubutumwa bwiza” (Mariko 1: 15). Icyakora isohozwa

ryuzuye ry‟ubwami n‟iry‟ibintu byose ni ibyo mu gihe kizaza “….nzagaruka mbajyane

iwanjye, ngo aho ndi namwe muzabeyo” (Yohana 14: 3). Inyigisho z‟Intumwa zishingira ku

kwizera Yesu Kristo wapfuye akazuka, ariko no ku gutegereza isohozwa ry‟amasezerano mu

buryo bwuzuye. Nicyo gituma bavuga bati: “Natwe ntitureba ku biboneka, ahubwo tureba ku

bitaboneka kuko ibiboneka ari iby‟igihe gito, naho ibitaboneka iby‟iteka ryose” (2 Abakorinto

4: 18)

b) Inshingano

Muri Bibiliya, inshingano zigaragazwa nk‟ igisubizo cy‟umuntu waremwe mu ishusho

y‟Imana ku muhamagaro wayo, kugira ngo yite kubyaremwe ndetse no ku isi. Kuva umuntu

yaremwa, yahawe inshingano ku byaremwe. Imana iravuga iti “Tureme umuntu agire ishusho

yacu ase natwe, batware amafi yo mu nyanja, n‟inyoni n‟ibisiga byo mu kirere, n‟amatungo

n‟isi yose, n‟igikururuka hasi cyose” (Itangiriro1: 26). Nyuma Imana ishyira umuntu mu

ngobyi ya Edeni kugira ngo ahingire ibirimo kandi ayirinde (Itangiriro 2:15). Icyakora,

guteshuka k‟uwo muntu kwaje kumugiraho ingaruka.

14

J. Calvin, Institution Chrétienne, tome III, EU, 1978, p. 64. 15

Ibdem, p. 65.

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Agakiza Imana yaje gutangiza kagamije kuvugurura umuntu n‟umushyihirano we nayo. Mu

Mu Isezerano rya Kera Imana ihamagarira ubwoko bwa Isirayeli kwinjira muri iyo mibereho

mishya, kandi binyujijwe kuri ubwo bwoko, uwo mushyikirano mushya wageze ku moko

yose atuye isi (Yesaya 45:14-18). Bibiliya igaragaza neza ko inshingano y‟umuntu Imana

itagizemo uruhare idashoboka. Ndetse umuntu ubwe wenyine ntacyo yamarira ibyo Imana

yaremye.

Isezerano Rishya rihamya uruhare rw‟Imana mu ivugururwa ry‟umushyikirano nayo,

inshingano,urupfu no kuzuka bya Yesu Kristo. Igikorwa cyasohorejwe muri Kristo

kigereranywa n‟irema rishya, ivuka rishya, rigarura ubumwe bwari bwarahagaritswe no

guteshuka k‟umuntu.

Ubwo Yesu yaganiraga n‟umwigishamategeko yaravuze ati: “Ni ukuri, ni ukuri, ndababwira

yuko umuntu utabyawe n‟amazi n‟Umwuka atabasha kwinjira mu bwami bw‟Imana” (Yohana

3:5). Intumwa Pawulo nayo itangaza ko “Umuntu wese iyo ari muri Kristo aba ari icyaremwe

gishya, ibya kera biba bishize. Dore byose biba bihindutse bishya” (2 Abakorinto 5: 17).

Muri Kristo, umuntu ahishukirwa ko aremye mu ishusho y‟Imana. Ibyo bigatuma asohoza

ubushake bw‟Imana imbere y‟ibyo yaremye. Mu Isezerano Rishya, inshingano y‟uwizera ni

igisubizo uwaremwe bushya (uwabyawe ubwa kabiri) atanga ku bwo kwizera Yesu.

c) Inshingano n’ibiteganirijwe buri muntu

Nk‟uko twabivuze, inshingano y‟umukristo imbere y‟ibyaremwe ndetse no mu mateka y‟isi

ishingiye kuri Bibiliya. Icyakora mu Matorero amwe usanga hibazwa ibi bibazo: Mbese iyo

nshingano y‟uwizera ntishobora gutuma habaho gushidikanya ku bushobozi bw‟Imana?

Mbese mu by‟ukuri Imana ishobora byose ikeneye abantu kugira ngo ibone uko isohoza

umugambi wayo w‟agakiza? Mbese mu muri gahunda yayo y‟ibihe byose, buri muntu wese

ntafite ibimuteganirijwe? Ikibazo cy‟ibyo Imana yateganirije buri muntu kuva mbere hose

cyibajijwe kenshi na Yohani Kaluvini agira n‟inyigisho agitangaho. Icyakora abantu benshi

ntibashoboye kuyisobanukirwa, ni nayo mpamvu usanga bayisobanura nabi.

Kuri Kaluvini hari ibintu bibiri biteganirijwe umuntu. Ibyo bisobanuye ko Imana mu

bushobozi bwayo izi ko hari abantu bamwe bazarimbuka n‟abandi bazaragwa ubugingo

buhoraho “ni ngombwa rero ko ibyo yategetse bibaho kimwe n‟uko ibyo yateganyije byose

bizasohora”16

. Dukurikije iyo nyigisho inkomoko y‟ikintu cyose kibaho iri mu Mana.

Icyakora, Yohani Kaluvini nawe ubwe abona ingorane izo nyigisho zishobora gutera cyane

cyane ku byerekeye inshingano y‟umuntu. Nicyo gituma ararikira abantu ubushishozi

n‟urukundo. Asaba ababwiriza ubutumwa bwiza ibi “ Kuko tutazi ibyagenewe buri muntu,

dukwiriye kwifuriza buri wese agakiza. Kubw‟ibyo tugire umwete wo gushishikariza abo

duhuye bose guharanira ayo mahoro, kuko azaba ku bana b‟Imana”17

.

Yohana Kaluvini azirikana kandi ko ubushobozi bw‟Imana budakuraho inshingano y‟umuntu.

Ndetse nawe ubwe yagize uruhare runini mu gutegura ivugururwa ry‟Itorero mu mujyi wa

Jeneve. Inyigisho za tewolojiya ye zazanye impinduka, haba mu bya politike, iby‟imibereho

y‟abaturage,iby‟ ubukungu n‟umuco.

16

J. Calvin, op.cit., p. 427. 17

Ibidem, pp. 432-433.

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1.3.4 Ibyiringiro n’inshingano y’umukristo muri Afurika.

Muri iki gihe, Afurika yugarijwe n‟ubukene, indwara z‟ibyorezo, amakimbirane ashingiye ku

moko n‟ibindi bibazo by‟uburyo bwinshi. Ibyo biradusaba kubwiriza ubutumwa bwa Yesu

Kristo wita ku nzirakarengane z‟ibyo bibazo. Tugomba kugera ikirenge mu cye, tubirwanya

twivuye inyuma. Inshingano y‟Itorero yo gukomeza umurimo watangiwe na Yesu Kristo

igamije kugeza ku bantu b‟igihe cyose n‟ahantu hose Inkuru nziza ibasubiza agaciro.

Umukristo akwiriye gufatanya na bagenzi be ibyiza n‟ibyago by‟iminsi yose. Ahamagariwe

kugaragarisha ibimenyetso by‟ubwami bw‟Imana urukundo , ubutabera n‟amahoro (Abaroma

14: 17). Kubaho kwe gukwiriye gushimangira no kugararaza ifoto y‟umuco w‟aho aba. Ni

ngombwa guhora tuzirikana ko kudasohoza inshingano ari ukwikura ku murimo w‟Imana;

guceceka imbere y‟akarengane ni ubugambanyi18

.

Ibibazo

1. Ni iyihe sano iremwa mu ishusho y‟Imana ry‟umuntu n‟inshingano afite mu isi bifitanye?

2. Ni uruhe ruhare ibyiringiro bya gikristo byagira mu kubaka Afurika muri iki gihe?

18

Tiré des notes du Cours de Théologie Africaine du Professeur André Karamaga, FTPB, Butare, 1997.

8

ICYUMWERU CYA KABIRI

ISOMO RYA KABIRI

2. UBUGINGO BW’UMUKRISTO Intego rusange:

Gusobanura ibiranga ubugingo bw‟umukristo


2.1 Gusenga Intego igamijwe:

Gusobanura gusenga icyo ari cyo, umwanya wabyo muri Bibiliya no muri Litulijiya y‟Itorero

Ibice bisomwa:

Itangiriro 19: 16-32 1 Samweli 1: 10-13 Zaburi 51: 3-21

Nehemiya 9: 5-37 Amaganya 3: 55-56 Matayo 6: 9-13

1 Abatesaloniki 5: 16-18

2.1.1 Icyo Bibiliya ivuga ku gusenga

Kuva mu gihe cy‟Isezerano rya Kera, Imana ya Isirayeli yigaragaza nk‟Imana ibana kandi

iganira n‟ubwoko bwayo Ibyo byerekana ukwicisha bugufi no kuba hafi byayo. Gusenga ni

uburyo umuntu akoresha kugira ngo ature Imana ibimurimo.Ibyo bikorwa hifashishijwe

amagambo, indirimbo, gutakamba, gutaka, kwiyiriza ubusa, n‟ibindi.

Mu Isezerano Rishya, Yesu Kristo atwereka uko dukwiriye gusenga. Nawe ubwe yahoraga

asenga kugira ngo agume mu bumwe n‟Imana. Yesu yashoboraga gusenga wenyine ku

musozi (Mariko 3: 16), gusengana n‟abigishwa be (Matayo 17:1) mu isinagogi (Luka 4: 16),

hamwe n‟imbaga y‟abantu kurira ngo akize indwara kandi ahamye ibikorwa by‟ukuboko

kw‟Imana (Yohana 11: 41-42). Intumwa za Yesu Kristo bari abantu bakunda gusenga kenshi

(abanyamasengesho). Mu gusenga niho bakuraga imbaraga zo kwihanganira itotezwa no

kujyana Ubutumwa bwiza kugera ku mpera y‟isi.

Gusenga ni uguhumeka kwa roho (k‟umwuka). Umwuka w‟ubuzima bw‟imyizerere

urakenewe igihe cyose n‟ahantu hose, kandi Imana muri Kristo Yesu ituzengurutsa iteka

ubuntu bwayo butangaje kandi buhagije. Guhumeka kwa roho ni uburyo Imana yifashisha

kugira ngo dushobore kwakira Kristo mu mitima yacu yumagaye kandi isaraye19

.Uwitwa

Simoni Njami-Nwandi (Simon B. Njami-Nwandi) avuga ko gusenga ari uburyo uwizera

akoresha yishinganisha mu Mana kugira ngo ayibwire imbamutima ze yiringiye ko

izemera20

.Yongeraho ko gusenga ari ukubwira Imana nk‟uko umwana abwira se, cyangwa se

umunyacyubariro ashaka kumugirira ho umugisha.

Biryo rero, gusenga k‟umukristo ni inzira acamo kugira ngo abe mu bumwe n‟Imana se, Yesu

Kristo n‟Umwuka Wera, kugira ngo yunguke kandi agire ituze Umukristo yikoreza Imana

ibyaha bye, ingorane ze, imibabaro ye n‟iya bagenzi be, Imana ikamuhumuriza,

ikamubabarira, ikamusubiza agaciro ke. Gusenga guhesha uwizera gukurira mu bumwe

19

Ibidem, p. 10. 20

Simon B. Njami-Nwandi, Prière, Jeunes et offrand, Yaoundé, 2000. p. 15.

9


n‟Imana (gukura mu by‟umwuka). Isengesho ni uburyo uwizera yifashisha kugira ngo Imana

imwihishurire mu mibereho ya buri munsi ya hano ku isi no mu byo akorera abandi. Gusenga

kuburizamo imigambi y‟umubi, bityo hakabaho amahoro mu isi n‟ububyutse mu Itorero

2.1.2 Isengesho ry’Umwami wacu

Isengesho ry‟Umwami wacu (Matayo 6: 9-13) ni isengesho Yesu Kristo yahaye Itorero rye

aryigisha gusenga.Iryo sengesho rigizwe n‟ibice bibiri bikuru, nabyo bikubiyemo ibyifuzo

bitatu buri cyose. Igice cya mbere gitangizwa n‟amagambo yo guhimbaza “Izina ryawe

ryubahwe,Ubwami bwawe buze, Ibyo ushaka bibeho mu isi nk‟uko bibaho mu

ijuru”.Cyumvikanisha ko umwuzuro w‟ubwami bw‟Imana utegerejwe ku isi yose.Bityo Yesu

aturarikira ibyiringiro by‟isohora ry‟ubwo bwami.

Igice cya kabiri kibanda ku muntu we ubwe « Uduhe none ibyo kurya byacu by‟uyu munsi ;

Uduharire imyenda yacu nk‟uko natwe twahariye abarimo imyenda yacu ; Ntuduhane mu

bitwoshya ; ahubwo udukize umubi ». Aha Yesu aturarikira gusaba none ibimenyetso

by‟Ubwami bw‟Imana ubusanzwe bitegerejwe ku munsi w‟imperka, umugati w‟Ubwami,

imbabazi. Ikangurira uwizera gutandukana n‟umubi. Isengesho rya Data wa twese ritangirwa

no guhamya, gukurikiwe no kuturarikira kubwira Imana nk‟uko umwana abwira se ati:

“ Data wa twese”

Isengesho ry‟Umwami wacu risozwa n‟igisingizo “kuko ubwami n‟ubushobozi n‟icyubahiro

ari ibyawe, None n‟iteka ryose, Amina. Uwatura ijambo “Amina”aba yemeza ko ahamanya

mu mutima we n‟ibyo abwiye Imana, Se. Risobanurwa ngo ni “iby‟ukuri koko”, “bibe bityo”.

2.1.3 Gusenga mu Itorero

Umurimo wo gusenga mu Itorero ubumbatira ubumwe hagati ya Kristo n‟ubwoko bwe.

Uwitwa Mariseri Mitsega (M. Mitzger) avuga ko n‟ubwo Kristo yinjiye mu cyubahiro cye,

agumya kuba mu Itorero mu buryo butagaragara21

. Nk‟uko byari no mu muco w‟abayuda

inyigisho za Yesu Kristo n‟intumwa ze ku gusenga iturarikira gusenga ubudasiba. Ndetse

n‟Amatorero ya mbere ntiyigeze adohoka ku gusenga. Ibyo byatumye akomeza ubumwe

bw‟abayagize.

a) Gusenga muri gahunda y’iteraniro

Iteraniro ni umwanya mwiza wo gusenga kwa gikristo. Muri gahunda y‟iteraniro rya gikristo,

gusenga biherekeza buri ntambwe mu ziyigize : kwambaza izina ry‟Imana, guhimbaza,

gusoma Ibyanditswe byera, kwicuza ibyaha, Ijambo ry‟imbabazi z‟Imana, gusengera abandi,

kuramya. Muri izo ntambwe za gahunda y‟iteraniro, gusenga bishobora gukorwa mu buryo

bunyuranye.

Gusenga mu buryo bw‟indirimbo na Zaburi : indirimbo rusange y‟abari mu iteraniro

no gusomera hamwe Zaburi ni amasengesho ahimbaza Imana atangaje ;

Isengesho rigizwe n‟amagambo yo guhimbaza. Ni isengesho ryo guhimbaza Imana,

kwicuza ibyaha cyangwa gusengera abandi. Risomwa n‟uyoboye iteraniro mu buryo

bwumvikana kandi butuma abagize iterano baryiyumvamo, barigira iryabo.

21

Marcel. M, Les sources de la prière chretienne, vivre, croire, célébrer, Paris, 2002, p. 40.

10


Isengesho ry’abagize iteraniro bose : ubu buryo bwo gusenga bwari no mu Itorero

ry‟Abakorinto, kandi bukunze kujyana no kuvuga mu ndimi (1 Abakorinto 12 : 1-11 ; 14 :

1-5). Icyakora Intumwa Pawulo yibutsa ko gahunda ari ngombwa kugira ngo bose

bafashwe. Uwitwa C. Senfuti (C.Senft yagaragaje ko nta kuvuguruzanya kuba guhari

hagati yo kumenya kwigenzura kw‟abo Imana ihumekeramo n‟ibyo abantu bamenyereye

kwita “kujya mu mwuka”. Ubu buryo bwo gusenga buri kugenda buganza mu Matorero

menshi yo muri Afurika bitewe ahanini n‟imico imwe yaho; ndetse no gukururwa

n‟umuryango wa gopantekoti.

b) Gusenga mu muryango n’uburere bwa gikristo

Uretse mu Masinagogi, Amatorero ya mbere yagiraga gahunda yo gusengera mu

miryango aho abayigize n‟abaturanye nabo babaga bari hamwe. Bahuraga buri munsi ni

mugoroba, kugira ngo basengere hamwe, baririmbe Zaburi kandi bumve n‟impuguro

z‟intumwa, n‟izabari barashoboye kubonesha Yesu amaso yabo (Ibyakozwe n‟Intumwa

12: 12). Ubu buryo bwo gusenga bufite akamaro mu muryango byateye imbere ariko

kuburyo butandukanye:

- Isengesho ritateguwe mbere igihe cyo gufungura, kuryama no kubyuka.

- Isengesho riyobowe cyangwa rikurikiwe no gutekereza ku gice cyo muri Bibiliya

giteganyijwe.

Mu muryango, ubwo buryo bwo gusenga bufite uruhare rukomeye mu gutoza abana

uburere bwa gikristo. Ni umwanya ku babyeyi wo kwigisha abana gusenga, gusoma

Bibiliya no kuririmba. Gusenga no gusoma igice giteganyijwe mu muryango, ku kazi no

mu bigo by‟abakristo bigomba kuba ubuhamya bwo kwizera Yesu Kristo kwacu bwa buri

munsi

Ibibazo

1. Ni iyihe sano iri hagati yo gusenga mu Isezerano rya Kera no mu Isezerano Rishya?

2. Ni ibihe bice bigize Isengesho ry‟Umwami wacu?

3. Sobanura umwanya wo gusenga muri yahunda y‟iteraniro rya gikristo?

4. Ni akahe kamaro ko gusenga mu muryango?

11



2.2 Gusoma Bibiliya Intego igamijwe: Kwerekana akamaro ko gusoma Bibiliya mu mibereho y‟Itorero

n‟iy‟umukristo

Ibice bisomwa:

Kuva 17:14 Kuva 34: 16 Yosuwa 1: 7-9

Zaburi 119: 105 Yeremiya 45: 1-5 Luka 4: 16-21

Ibyakozwe n‟Intumwa 8: 26-40 Abaheburayo 4: 12-13

2.2.1 Akamaro ko gusoma Bibiliya

Gusoma Bibiliya ni ukuyigana ubwitonzi, umutima utuje no kwicisha bugufi22

.Gusoma

Bibiliya ni urufatiro rutugeza gutekereza ku Ijambo ry‟Imana, gusenga no

kwisuzuma.23

Gusoma Bibiliya bigamije kwiga ku buryo bucukumbuye ukwigaragaza

kw‟Imana. A.Kweni (A.Kuen) yerekana undi mumaro wo gusoma Bibiliya: “ni ngombwa

gusoma Bibiliya ariko no kuyiga. Kwiga Bibiliya ni igisubizo cy‟ubushake bw‟Imana kuri twe.

Bituma dukurikiza urugero rwa Yesu, Intumwa n‟abandi bagaragu b‟indahemuka b‟Imana

batubanjirije. Nk‟uko uwo mwanditsi akomeza abivuga, kwiga Bibiliya bigamije ibintu

bitatu: gukora ibyo Imana yifuza, kugera ikirenge mu cya Yesu Kristo n‟Intumwa ze;

gukurikiza urugero rw‟abakozi b‟Imana baherewe umugisha mu byo bayikoreye mu bihe

bitandukanye by‟amateka y‟Itorero.

A. Kweni yashyize ahagaragara impamvu enye z‟ akamaro ko kwiga Bibiliya24

:

1. Kwiga Bibiliya bitumenyesha ubushake bw‟Imana n‟umugambi wayo;

2. Kwiga Bibiliya bidutera gukura mubyo kwizera no mu byo kumenya Imana;

3. Kwiga Bibilya biturinda ikibi no gusubira inyuma;

4. Kwiga Bibiliya bidutera gufasha abandi.

2.2.2 Gusoma Bibiliya muri Isirayeli no mu Itorero

Gusoma Bibiliya mu Itorero bishingiye ku muco wo gusoma amategeko y‟Imana (Tora)

w‟ubwoko bwa Isirayeli. Iyo gahunda yo gusoma amategeko yari ngombwa ku bwoko bwose

bw‟Imana “Ibiri muri iki gitabo cy‟amategeko ntukarorere kubihamisha akanwa kawe,

ahubwo ujye ubitekereza ku manywa na nijoro kugira ngo ubone uko ukurikiza

ibyanditswemo byose. Niho uzahirwa mu nzira zawe, ukabashishwa byose (Yosuwa 1: 8).

Gusoma, gufata mu mutwe no gutekereza mu buryo bucukumbuye Ijambo ry‟Imana ni

itegeko ku bagize ubwoko bw‟Imana bose: “Aya mategeko ngutegeka uyu munsi ahore ku

mutima wawe. Ujye ugira umwete wo kuyigisha abana bawe, ujye uyavuga wicaye mu nzu

yawe, n‟uko ugenda mu nzira n‟uko uryamye n‟uko ubyutse. Uyandike ku nkomanizo z‟inzu

yawe no ku byugarira byawe”(Gutegeka kwa kabiri 6: 6-9).

22

Enzo Bianchi, Prier la Parole, Une introduction à la lectio-divina, Vie monastique n°15, Begrolles- en-

Mauges, 1983, pp. 94ss. 23

Ibidem, p. 103 24

A. Kuen, Comment étudier la Bible, Lausanne- Suisse, 1988, pp. 5ss.

12


Isezerano Rishya rishimangira akamaro ko gusoma Bibiliya. Yesu Kristo ubwe yasomaga

amategeko mu isinagogi kuva akibyiruka, kandi byamuhesheje kugira Ijambo ry‟Imana muri

we rigwiriye (Luka 2: 46; Yohana 4: 4; Yohana 19: 28,..). Amatorero ya mbere ya gikristo

nayo yasomaga igihe cyose Bibiliya y‟igiheburayo kandi agategera amatwi ubuhamya

bw‟Intumwa. Ubwo buhamya nibwo bwaje kuzandikwa, ubu nabwo buri mu byanditswe

byera.

Imwe mu ntego za Bibiliya ni uguhuriza hamwe ubwoko bw‟Imana, ibyo bikaba bigaragarira

muri gahunda y‟amatereniro ya gikristo. Gusoma Bibiliya no kuyisobanurita Itorero bifite

umwanya ukomeye mu iteraniro rya gikristo, cyane cyane kuva habayeho ivugururwa

ry‟Itorero. Mu kwiga Bibiliya, hari ibice bitatu bigomba kwibandwaho:kwitegereza,

gusobanura no gushyira mu bikorwa (guhuza ibyo dusomye n‟igihe cya none).

2.2.3 Gusoma no kwiga Bibiliya mu muryango no mu matsinda anyuranye*

Gusoma no kwiga Bibiliya mu muryango cyangwa mu matsinda birimo ubutunzi

butarondoreka: “ Iyo umuryango ushaka kumva Ijambo ry‟Imana, usoma Bibiliya”25

. Mu

muryango wa gikristo, ni ngombwa ko abawugize bumva Ijambo ry‟Imana, iyo ni imwe mu

ntego zo gusoma zatekerejwe (umusomyi wa Bibiliya, imbuto nziza,..). Mu gihe cyo gusoma

Bibiliya mu muryango abawugize bose bakwiriye kuba bahari, bityo ababyeyi

bakanasobanurira abana amagambo akomereye.

Ni nako bikwiriye kumera ku matsinda y‟abantu bakora hamwe, mu bigo bya Leta cyangwa

iby‟abikorera ku giti cyabo. Gusangira Ijambo ry‟Imana bituma hatabaho kuma mu bugingo,

ahubwo bitera gukura mu kwizera, no guhamya Yesu Kristo.

Ibibazo

1. Ni izihe ngero zo muri Bibiliya zerekana ko Yesu yakundaga gusoma Bibiliya?

2. Ni akahe kamaro ko gusoma Bibiliya mu muryango?

25

J. Coon, La famille chrétenne, Abidjana, 1981, p. 290.

13



2.3 Impano n’imirimo Intego igamijwe: kugaragaza igisobanuro n‟akamaro k‟impano n‟imirimo mu mibereho

y‟umukristo no mu Itorero

Ibice bisomwa:

Kuva 1: 1-11 Abalewi 9: 1-24 1 Samweli 16: 1-13

1 Abami 18: 20-24 Matayo 10: 1-4 Matayo 17: 5

1 Abakorinto 12: 1-4 Abefeso 4: 11-14

2.3.1 Ibisobanuro by’amagambo

Ijambo “impano” rituruka ku ry‟ikigiriki “charismata” risobanura ingabire z‟ubuntu”.

Rifiranye isano kandi n‟ijambo “charis” risobanura “ubuntu”. Mu Isezerano Rishya, ijambo

impano ryerekana ingabire z‟Imana zidasubirwaho (Abaroma 11: 29). Ni ingabire y‟ubuntu

tugezwaho na Yesu Kristo (Abaroma 5: 15) igeza ku bugingo bw‟iteka (Abaroma 6: 23)26

.

Ijambo”umurimo” rikomoka kury‟ikilatini “ministerium” risobanura kimwe n‟iry‟ikigiriki

“diakoniya”, ni ukuvuga umurimo. Mu Isezerano rya Kera, imirimo y‟idini izwi ni ubwami,

ubuhanuzi n‟ubutambyi27

.

Mu Isezerano Rishya, imirimo ikorwa mu Itorero ni: kwigisha, kubwiriza, ivugabutumwa,

gufasha abatishoboye, ubushumba,…Impano n‟imirimo tubikesha Imana ikoresheje Umwuka

Wera, kugira ngo Itorero ryose rifashwe.Nicyo gituma bidakwiye guhinduka isoko yo

kwishyira hejuru, kwishakira ubutegetsi cyangwa ubutunzi bw‟ibintu.

2.3.2 Impano n’imirimo mu Isezerano rya Kera

Muri Bibiliya, impano n‟imirimo bifitanye isano ya bugufi. Kandi buri murimo Imana

yatangije mu bwoko bwayo yawuteganyirije impano mu rwego rwo kuwusohoza. Mu gitabo

cyo Kuva dusoma ibi bikurikira: “Dore mpamagaye mu izina Besaleli mwene Uri ya Huri, wo

mu muryango wa Yuda, mwuzuza Umwuka w‟Imana ngo agire ubwenge bwo guhimba

n‟ubwo gutora, n‟ubuhanga n‟ubukorikori bwose bwo guhimba imirimo y‟ubuhanga, no

gucura izahabu n‟ifeza n‟imiringa, no gukeba amabuye yo gutwikirwa no kubaza, no kugira

ubukorikori bwose” (Kuva 31: 2-5) . Impano yagabiwe Besaleli igamije umurimo wo kubaka

urusengero.

Mu Isezerano rya Kera, Mose yari umukozi w‟ikirenga w‟Imana. Yari yuzuye Umwuka

w‟Imana, ariko ibyo ntibyamubazaga kwicisha bugufi kurusha abandi bantu bose bo ku isi

(Kubara 12: 3). Pawulo amubonamo ishusho y‟imirimo y‟uburyo bwose yo mu gihe

cy‟Isezerano Rishya. Mu gitabo cyo Gutegeka kwa kabiri 34: 10, hemezwa ko nta muhanuzi

n‟umwe umeze nka Mose wigeze uba muri Isirayeli.

2.3.3 Impano n’imirimo mu Isezerano Rishya

Isezerano Rishya risobanura kurushaho ibyerekeye impano zinyuranye z‟Umwuka Wera

n‟imirimo mu Itorero. Inzandiko n‟igitabo cy‟Ibyakozwe n‟Intumwa byerekana ko buri wese

mu bizera ari umucungamutungo w‟ubuntu bumwe ariko mu buryo butandukanye

26

In X. Leon Dufour et all., Vocabulaire biblique, Paris, 1988, p. 153. 27

Op.cit., p. 753.

14


(1 Abakorinto 12: 12-27).28

Impano zitangwa kakurikijwe imirimo: intumwa, abahanuzi,

abigisha, ababwirizabutumwa n‟abapasiteri (1 Abakorinto 12: 28; Abefeso 4: 11). Icyakora

hariho n‟ impano zerekeranye n‟indi mirimo ifitiye akamaro Itorero: gufasha abakene,

kwigisha, guhugura, ibikorwa by‟impuhwe, ijambo ry‟ubwenge cyangwa ubumenyi, kwizera

guhamye, impano yo gukiza indwara no gukora ibindi bitangaza, kuvuga mu ndimi,

kurobanura imyuka (1 Abakorinto 12: 8 n‟ikurikira). Uruhare rw‟intumwa aho umurimo

w‟Umwuka wera wigaragariza rwerekana ko impano ziri munsi y‟ubutware bw‟Itorero (1

Yohana 4:6). Kandi na none kuba intumwa ni yo mpano ya mbere (1 Abakorinto 12: 28).

Kurambikwaho ibigamza kw‟intumwa bishimangira ubutware bw‟abahawe impano zihariye

z‟Umwaka (1 Timoteyo 4: 14; 2 Timoteyo 1: 6).

Nk‟uko bishimangirwa n‟urwandiko rwandikiwe Abaheburayo, Yesu Kristo ni we muhuza

rukumbi w‟Imana n‟abantu. Ni we mutambyi wenyine utanga igitambo cy‟agakiza kandi ni

nawe wenyine uhishura iby‟Imana. Bityo, imirimo y‟Itorero ikorera umurimo umwe rukumbi

kandi uhagije wa Kristo mu Itorero, ari ryo mubiri we. N‟intumwa Petero ivuga ko abizera

“ari ubwoko bwatoranijwe, abatambyi b‟ubwami, ishyanga ryera n‟abantu Imana yaronse,

kugira ngo bamamaze ishimwe ry‟Iyabahamagaye, ikabakura mu mwijima ikabageza mu

mucyo wayo w‟Itangaza (1 Petero 2:9). Icyakora uwo murimo n‟indi y‟abizera bose ifitanye

isano n‟impano bahawe ntikuraho ko hari Imirimo ihoraho Imana yashyize mu Itorero kugira

ngo rigire inzego z‟ubuyobozi kandi rihamye Kristo mu isi.

2.3.4 Impano n’imirimo mu Itorero muri Afurika

Mu gihe i Buraya no muri Amerika y‟amajyaruguru Itorero rya gikristo rigenda ryisanisha

n‟isi, muri Afurika ho (n‟ubwo hari ibibazo byinshi duhanganye nabyo) biracyashoboka

kugira Itorero rizima kandi rifite ubuhamya muri iki kinyejana cya gatatu.

Ni igihe rero ku Itorero ryo muri Afurika cyo gukurikiranira hafi ibibera n‟ibikorerwa mu

Matorero yacu. Ku ruhande rumwe, ni byiza kwibutsa ko umukozi bidasobanura umutegetsi,

prezida cyangwa umuvugizi, ahubwo bivuga umugaragu, umudiyakoni, mu rurimi

rw‟ikigiriki. Kugabirwa impano y‟Umwuka ntibivuga guhabwa umwanya w‟ubuyobozi,

cyangwa kuzamurwa mu ntera iruta iy‟abapasiteri, abakuru b‟Itorero, n‟inzego z‟imiterere ya

Paruwase y‟Itorero. Si na none intandaroyo gucamo ibice umubiri wa Kristo, hagamijwe

inyungu runaka. Ahubwo ni impano yo gukunda abandi, yo gukiza indwara n‟ubwiyunge.

Igihe cyose rero Itorero ryo muri Afurika ryaba ritarasohoka mu bibazo biryugarije,

ntirishobora kubera indi migabane y‟isi icyitegererezo.

Umunyakameruni witwa Yozefu Ngah yaravuze ati igituma Umwuka ashyira mu Itorero

impano n‟imirimo ni ukugira ngo ribemo gahunda, bityo rishobore gusohoza inshingano

Imana yarishinze29

.

28

X. L. Dufour et all., op.cit., p. 154. 29

Cf J. Ngah, op. cit., p. 10.

15


Ibibazo

1. Ni iyihe sano iri hagati y‟impano n‟umurimo?

2. Ni uruhe ruhare Intumwa zagize mu gushinga no kuboneza imiyoborere y‟Amatorero ya

mbere ya gikristo ?

3. Ni iyi sano mubona impano n‟amadini y‟inzaduka muri Afurika muri iki gihe byaba

bifitanye ?

4. Ni mu buhe buryo impano zagira uruhare mu gukomeza Itorero, aho kuricamo ibice ?

16

ICYUMWERU CYA GATATU

ISOMO RYA GATATU

3. INTUMBERO YA GIKRISTO Y’ ISI Intego rusange :

Kwerekana umwihariko w‟intumbero y‟isi hakurikijwe Bibiliya


3.1 Umuco n’intumbero y’isi Intego igamijwe :

Kugaragaza ko buri muco utanga intumbero y‟isi

Ibice bisomwa :

Itangiriro 6 : 1-9 Itangiriro 12 : 1-20 Yesaya 1 : 1-4

Yeremiya 35 : 1-19 Matayo 5 : 3-12 Ibyakozwe n‟Intumwa 17 : 16-31

Ibyahishuwe 12 : 1-8

Intangiriro

Ubuzima bw‟umuntu bwa buri munsi buhindurwa n‟aho atuye cyangwa n‟ibimukikije, ari

nabyo shingiro ryabwo, rikubiyemo ibigize umuco, imibereko, ubukungu, n‟ibindi. Iryo

shingiro niryo rigenga intumbero afite ku bintu, ritandukana hakurikijwe ibyo ashingiraho30

.

Icyo twita intumbero y‟isi ni uburyo bwihariye tubonamo kandi dusobanukirwamo ubuzima

bugaragara n‟ubutagaragara.

3.1.1 Buri muntu afite intumbero y’isi

Intumbero y‟isi tuvuga aha ni ishingiro rya buri gitekerezo, buri gikorwa cy‟umuntu mu

muryango (aho atuye). Uko duhitamo, uko tubaho, twambara, turya, dusenga, n‟ibindi

bigengwa n‟uburyo tubona ubuzima, n‟uko tubona isi. Intumbero y‟isi ya buri bantu iterwa

n‟umuco wabo, ubumbye n‟imyemerere yabo. Niyo igomba gushingirwaho igihe hakorwa

ivugabutumwa kugira ngo ukwizerara kwa gikristo kubashe gushinga imizi.

3.1.2 Umuco niwo shingiro ry’intumbero y’isi

Buri muntu avuka kandi akurira mu muco umwe cyangwa mu mico itandukanye. Umuco

uhererekanishwa uburere, imvugo, uburyo bw‟imitekerereze n‟urubuga urwo arirwo rwose

abantu bahuriramo mu muryango babamo. Hari n‟igihe mu muryango w‟abantu

ibishingirwaho cyangwa intumbero zinyuranye bihurirana. Iyo bigenze bityo ibibazo

bishobora kuvuka. 31

Iyo hatagize igisumba ibindi ngo kibigenge, uwo muryango uhinduka

umuryango wirwanya ubwawo maze ugacikamo ibice ku byerekeye umuco. Akenshi na

kenshi habaho umuco ugenga iyindi, bityo ukaba ariwo ushingirwaho imitekerereze, uburyo

bwo kubona ibintu cyangwa ibikorwa ibi n‟ibi.

30

Cf. CPR/ BNEP, La vie en Abondance en Jésus Christ, Contenu du Programme du Cours de religion

protestante. 31

Cf. B. Walsh et R. Middletton, La vision Chrétienne du Monde, collecte Alliance, Méry-sur-Oise, 1988, p.14.

17


Icyakora hari ikibazo gikunze kugaragara iyo hakozwe isesengurwa ry‟umuco muri Afurika :

Ibikorwa byaranze ibinyejana biheruka byagize ingaruka zikomeye no ku muco,

byarawusibanganyije. Amoko menshi nta gifite umuco wayo bwite uyaranga, kandi ntiyigeze

ategekwa guhakana icyo ari cyo. Twavuga ko umuco wo hambere w‟abanyafurika

wahungabanijwe bikomeye n‟ubutegetsi bw‟abazungu. Ubwo butegetsi bwazananywe

n‟imitekerereze ndetse n‟ubukristo by‟abanyaburayi.

Urugero : Mbere y‟umwaduko w‟abazungu muri Afurika, umuryango wari ufite ijambo ku

bantu bawuzize. Nko kugira ngo umuntu ahitemo uwo bagomba kubana, abagize umuryango

bose, bayobowe n‟umukuru wabo bagombaga kubanza kubyumvikanaho. Ariko muri iki gihe

si ko bigikorwa. Umusore n‟umukobwa bariyumvikanira, nyuma bakazamenyesha imiryango

icyemezo ndakuka bafashe, ari nacyo cyubahirizwa uko kiri.

Mbese dushobora kuvuga ko muri iki gihe imico yo muri Afurika ari uruvangavange rw‟imico

yo muri afurika yo hambere n‟imico y‟abazungu ? Muri rusange twavuga ko ari uko bimeze,

kandi ko uburyo bwo gutekereza no gukora bisigaye bigengwa n‟igihe turimo. Ni ngombwa

rero kuzirikana imizi itakigaragara, nyamara ariyo igihe cya none cyagombye kuba

cyubakiyeho, kuko ari yo isobanura impamvu y‟imyitwarire runaka, cyangwa uburyo ubu

n‟ubu bwo kubona ibintu mu buzima bwacu bwa buri munsi. Iyo mizi usanga abantu benshi

batanayizi. Nyamara ibitse ubutunzi bukomeye bw‟ubwenge bwa, kimuntu, haba mu rwego

rw‟imyifatire, imibanire n‟abandi, ubukungu n‟ubugingo.Ubwo butunzi bukwiye

kuzirikanwa, kugira ngo Ubutumwa bwiza bushobore gushinga imizi.

Ibibazo

1. Intumbero y‟isi ni iki ? Ni uwuhe mwanya w‟uburezi mu kugena intumbero y‟isi ?

2. Ushingiye ku rugero rw‟amateka, erekana ukuntu intumbero y‟isi ishobora guhinduka.

3. Utekereza iki ku « busumbane mu by‟umuco » ?

18



3.2 Intumbero y’isi dukurikije Bibiliya Intego igamijwe :

Gusobanura ibigize intumbero y‟isi dukurikije Bibiliya

Ibice bisomwa :

Itangiriro 1 : 1-6 Itangiriro 3 : 1-15 Yosuwa 1 : 8-9

Zaburi 78 : 1-18 Ezekiyeli 37 : 1-10 Yohana 3 : 1-21

Abaroma 1 : 18-23 Ibyahishuwe 21 : 1-8

Intangiriro

Kuko buri muryango, buri muco, ari intumbero, ni ngombwa kumenya isoko (inkomoko

y‟intumbero iturimo. Ni irihe shingiro ry‟intumbero yanjye y‟isi ? Ni iyihe soko y‟intumbero

yanjye y‟isi ? Ni ikihe kizere ikwiriye kugirirwa ? Mbese uruhare yagiye igira mu mateka ni

uruhe?

Iyo ugerageje gusubiza ibyo bibazo, usanga ko bifitanye isano n‟iby‟Imana. Buri ntumbero

yose y‟isi, ikomoka mu myemerere, mu myizerere. Niyo igena ibyihutirwa kurusha ibindi,

niyo iyobora ibitekerezo n‟ibikorwa.

3.2.1 Kurema kw’Imana niryo shingiro ry’intumbero y’isi dukurikije Bibiliya

Mu gutekereza ku ntumbero y‟isi ya gikristo, B Welishi (Walsh) na R. Midileto (Middlton)

bagaragaza ibi bikurikira : « Mbere na mbere Imana irema ijuru n‟isi. Aho niho Bibiliya

itangirira. No kubyerekeye intumbero y‟isi ni uko. Nk‟uko bidashoboka kutagira ubogamira

mu bya Kristo no mu by‟agakiza atanga, ni nako bidashoboka kwirenganziza inyigisho

Bibiliya itanga zerekeranye n‟irema »32

. Bityo, bahamagarira abahanga b‟abakristo

gusobanukirwa neza akamaro k‟intego y‟irema mu kuboneza imiterere y‟isi ya none. Niba

nk‟abakristo dushyize ku ruhande ubuhamya bwacu mu Mana umuremyi, umurimo

n‟inshingano byacu bya gikristo nta cyo byaba bimaze imbere y‟iyangirika ry‟ibidukikije,

imibanire y‟abantu igenda itakaza ingufu, imbere y‟uburere bw‟abana bujyanye n‟ikorana

buhanga, n‟ibindi.

Ingingo y‟irema ishyira umuntu imbere y‟Imana umuremyi. Kwizera Imana yaremye byose,

ukwizera muri yo kuruta ikirere, ng‟urwo uruhare rw‟intumbero y‟isi Bibiliya itanga. Ibyo

rero bizana impinduka zikurikira :

-Guhimbaza bikwiriye umuremyi : umuntu ntiyigenga ubwe ku giti cye, kandi si umugenga

w‟ibyaremwe. Imana yonyine niyo ikwiriye guhimbazwa ko kuramywa. Yeremiya 10 : 1-16

ni kimwe mu bice bibumbira hamwe izo ntego ebyiri mu kuramya Imana, yo Mwami wenyine

ukwiriye ishimwe33

.

-Umuntu yaremwe mu ishusho y‟Imana : agaciro k‟ikiremwa muntu gakomoka mu kuba

yararemwe mu ishusho y‟Imana.

-Ibidukikije : Kuba ubu ibibazo bifitanye isano n‟ibidukikije byarafashe intera ndende, ni uko

inyigisho Bibiliya itanga ku byaremwe yirengagijwe igihe kirekire ; nyamara idahwema

32

B. Walsh et R. Middleton, op.cit., p. 43 et 45. 33

Op. cit., pp. 51-52.

19


kuduhamagarira kuba abashinzwe kwita ku bidukikije, abanyapolitiki kubyerekeranye no

kubibungabunga.

- Umuco n‟umuryango : Irema ry‟Imana ntirigarukira ku bintu bifatika gusa. Umuco,

ubuhanga, ubukorikori, n‟ibindi, byose bishingiye kubyo Imana yaremye. Kuko kuba Adamu

yarahawe umurimo wo guhingira no kurinda ubusitani (Itangiriro 2 : 15), ni uko iyo ari

inshingano ifitanye isano n‟umuco (inshinga guhinga ntisobanura gusa kurima, inavuga gufata

neza, gutanga umusaruro, kurema. Umuco na wo ntusobanura gusa kurima no gutera imbuto,

ahubwo usavuga iterambere, uburezi, umutungo w‟umuryango mu buryo bwose).

3.2.2 Kugwa k’umuntu nk’idindira ry’ibyaremwe

Nyuma y‟igice cya 1 n‟icya 2 cy‟igitabo cy‟Itangiriro bivuga ku irema ry‟Imana, igice cya 3

kivuga igwa ry‟umuntu ryabayeho, ari naryo ryateye ibibazo mu byaremwe. « Nzashyira

urwango hagati yawe n‟uyu mugore, no hagati y‟urubyaro rwawe n‟urwe, ruzagukomeretsa

umutwe nawe uzarukomeretsa agatsinsino» (Itangiriro 3 : 15). Uko kugwa kwagize ingaruka

ku byaremwe byose. « Icyaha cyacu cyateye ibyaremwe kuba imbata y‟icyaha. Kuko Imana

yari yaraduhaye ubutware ku byaremwe, kutayumvira kwabizaniye umuvumo34

. Uko kugwa

kwaje kujya kugaragarira cyane mu gusenga ibigirwamana, bisobanura kutumvira k‟umuntu

no kudaha Imana agaciro : umuntu ahitamo ikigirwamana mu mwanya w‟Imana (Abaroma 1 :

18-23).

Intumbero y‟isi dukurikije Bibiliya idusaba kwirinda kongera kugwa muri uwo mutego :

Kutishushanya n‟isi ya none. Kuko ubuzima bwose mu by‟umuco bwaremwe n‟Imana kandi

bugengwa nayo, imibereho yacu y‟iki gihe nayo ikorwaho n‟ingaruka z‟icyaha kubera

kutumvira. Nta kintu na kimwe mu byaremwe kidahungabanywa n‟icyaha.

2.2.3 Ibyiringiro biri mu gucungurwa kwa Kristo

Byari kuba ari akaga, iyo intumbero y‟isi dukurikije Bibiliya iba igarukira ku ngaruka zo

kugwa k‟umuntu. Ariko dufite amahirwe, kuko ibyiringiro ari byo bihoraho. Intumbero y‟isi

dukurikije Bibiliya igira icyo ivuga ku kibi, ariko ikanatugaragariza ibyo Imana yakoze kugira

ngo tubone agakiza. Kuva umuntu yakwemera gushukwa, ni ukuvugwa ibyaremwe byose,

Imana yateganyije agakiza no gucungura ibyaremwe byayo. Amateka y‟ubwoko bwa Isirayeli

ahamya urwo rugendo rugana ku gusohozwa k‟uwo mugambi waje kuzurizwa mu mibereho,

mu murimo , mu rupfu no kuzuka bya Yesu Kristo. Yasohoje umurimo wo gucungura yari

yarageneye umuntu n‟ibyaremwe byose muri rusange.

Gucungura ni ukuvugurura ibyaremwe by‟Imana. Kuko byose byari byarahungabanyijwe

n‟icyaha, niko byose bikeneye gucungurwa. Icyo Ubutumwa bwiza bwita Ubwami bw‟Imana,

ni ivugururwa ry‟ikintu cyose kubw‟umurimo wo gucungura wa Yesu Kristo.

Bityo, Intumbero y‟isi dukurikije Bibiliya ituganisha mu Bwami bw‟Imana busohorezwa mu

kwitandukanya n‟icyaha, himakazwa gucungurwa kwa Yesu Kristo. Iyo ntumbero ni

umusanzu abakristo bakwiriye guha umuryango batuyemo muri iki gihe cyugarijwe n‟intege

nke, no kwisanisha kw‟abatuye isi bose. Hari ibyiringiro kuko Imana umuremyi ntabwo

yaturetse. Nk‟abanyafurika, iryo sezerano rikwiriye kudutera kwiyemeza kubaka: Afurika,

haguruka umurikire isi.

34

Op.cit, p. 85.

20

ICYUWERU CYA GATATU

Ibibazo

1. Erekana ukuntu Bibiliya isobanura imibereho yo mu gihe cya none ibinyujije muri izi

ngingo: iremwa, kugwa , gucungurwa.

2. Ni iyihe myifatire uwizera akiriye kugira imbere ya:

a) ibyaremwe

b) kugwa

c) gucungurwa

3. Erekana ukuntu intumbero ya gikristo dukurikije Bibiliya idushyira mu rubanza, ariko

ikanatera ibyiringiro bihamye kubw‟isi ya none

21



3.3 Intumbero ya gikristo y’isi no kubaka Afurika Intego igamijwe:

Kwerekana ukuntu intumbero ya gikristo y‟isi ishobora kugira uruhare mu kubaka Afurika

Ibice bisomwa:

Itangiriro 6:1-6 Nehemiya 5: 1-13 Amosi 8: 4-8

Luka 10: 25-37 Abaroma 13: 1-7

3.3.1 Ibabazo byugarije Afurika muri iki gihe

Icuruzwa ry‟abirabura, ubukoloni, ubwigenge twavuga ko butuzuye n‟ingaruka zo kwisanisha

kw‟isi muri iki gihe, ibyo ni uruhererekane rw‟intebe y‟ikibi ku mugabane w‟Afurika. Muri

iki gihe twinjira mu kinyagihumbi cya gatatu, uwitwa Yozefu Ngah agaragaza ibibazo bitatu

by‟ingutu byugarije Afurika35

: ubwicanyi bushingiye ku moko, kuvanga ubukristo n‟ibya

gipagani n‟ubukene. Ibindi bibazo byiyongera kuri ibyo ni: imyenda ibihugu by‟Afurika

bibereyemo amahanga igomba kwishyurwa na buri munfafurika uvuka, kwandura kw‟ikirere

no kwangirika kw‟ibidukikije, ruswa n‟ubundi buryo bunyuranye ikibi kigaragarizamo.

Mu bihe by‟umwijima nk‟ibyo, hari kwibazwa umwanya w‟Itorero n‟akamaro k‟Ubutumwa

bwiza bubwirizwa hirya no hino muri Afurika.

Abantu benshi nta byiringiro by‟ejo hazaza heza h‟Afurika bafite. Uwitwa Yohani w‟

Umunyakotedivuwari yigeze kuvuga ati “Uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana, Afurika igenda

irushaho gusa n‟umuriro utazima”36

.Uwo mwanditsi asobanura imibereho mibi Abanyafurika

benshi babamo, ari nayo ituma ababishoboye bahunga uwo mugabane bakajya mu yindi, aho

benshi batakariza ubuzima bwabo.

Mbese hari utazi ukuntu urubyiruko rwinshi rw‟Afurika rubayeho nabi kubera kutagira

amikoro, nyamara umugambi warwo ari ukujya mu ishuri, kurya neza no kubasha kwivuza?

N‟ubwo Afurika ifite ubutunzi kamere bwinshi, ihoramo inzara, ruswa, Icyorezo cya SIDA,

amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, n‟ibindi byinshi.

Umwanditsi witwa Kamana (Kä Mana) agaragaza ibibazo bine bikomereye Afurika muri iki

gihe37

:

- Ibibazo by‟iterambere rirambye;

- Ibibazo bijyanye no gutakaza ingufu zirema kubera kutagira gahunda ihamye yo kwigisha

abantu kumenya kwibeshsaho;

- Ibibazo bijyanye no kubungabunga uburenganzira bw‟ikiremwa muntu bugenda buta

agaciro;

- Ibibazo byo kurengera ibidukikije, aho usanga abantu barushaho kwanduza ikirere.

35

J. Ngah, op.cit., pp. 141-142 36

Jean Claude Djeréke, L‟engagement politique du Clergé Catholique en Afrique Noire, Paris, 2001, p. 29. 37

Kä Mana, Jean Blaise Kenmogne, Pour la vie en abondance, coll. Foi et action, N° 1, 2001, p. 27.

22


Umugabane w‟Afurika usa n‟ubohewe mu ruzitiro rw‟ubukene, mu ihohoterwa no mu

bwihebe. Muri iki gihe, abahanga b‟Abanyafurika bar baracyibaza impamvu y‟itsembabwoko

ryo muri Mata 1994 mu Rwanda38

, muri Kotedivuwari, Sudani, Somaliya, Uburundi, Kongo

Kinshasa, Zimbabwe n‟ahandi naho ubwicanyi buteye ikibazo. Ubwo twavuga iki ku

mugabane nk‟uwo utuwe n‟abantu barenga 70% by‟ababana n‟ubwandu bww Sida ku isi?

Izo ngorane zose ziha umurindi abavuga ko Afurika ari umugabane wavumwe, ko imbaraga

zishyirwa mu iterambere, ivugabutumwa n‟uburezi bidashobora kuwukura mu rwobo irimo.

Icyakora iyo mitekerereze si yo kuko kwaba ari ukwibagirwa ko ibyiringiro bigararazwa n‟

intumbero ya gikristo y‟isi .

3.2.2 Intumbero ya gikristo y’isi, n’ibyiringiro by’Afurika.

Ibyiringiro n‟umutima nama by‟abaturage n‟abayobozi b‟Afurika muri iki gihe bishingiye ku

ruhare Itorero rishobora kugira ngo ibibazo byugarije umugabane wacu bikemuke. “guhera

ubu abaturage bategereje byinshi ku bagize Itorero. Mu yandi magambo, Itorero niryo

ritegerejweho ibyiringiro by‟abaturage, niryo ryabizeza kubaho. Itorero ritari muri uwo

murongo nta mpamvu yaryo yo kubaho39

. Uwo mutima nama w‟abaturage b‟Abanyafurika ku

ruhare rw‟Itorero muri gahunda yo kubaka n‟iterambere wumvikanira mubyo abanyapolitiki

basaba Amatorero, bayakangurira kurushaho gushora imbaraga mu guteza imbere ibihugu

byabo. Muri iki gihe, mu bihugu byinshi , Amatorero menshi afite uruhare rukomeye muri

gahunda z‟ibihugu zo kurwanya icyorezo cya SIDA, ubumwe n‟ubwiyunge, uburezi

n‟ubuzima.40

Icyakora uruhare rw‟Itorero rugomba kugera kure birushijeho: Ubutumwa bwiza

bugomba guhindura uburyo bwo kubaho, gutekereza no gukora by‟Abanyafurika “ kugira ngo

nk‟uko ibyaha byimitswe, abe ari na ko n‟ubuntu bwimikwa no gukiranuka, buduhesha

ubugingo buhoraho ku bwa Yesu Kristo Umwami wacu” (Abaroma 5:21).

Umugabane w‟Afurika ushobora no kwifashisha isano yawo n‟ibyaremwe nk‟ishingiro

ry‟ibyiringiro: Umugabane w‟Afurika, abaturage bawo, amateka yawo, ibimera n‟inyamaswa,

inyoni, ubutaka n‟ibiburimo bwabwo ni ubutunzi butagereranywa. Umuco, ubupfura, ubwiza

bw‟Abanyafurika birenze kure imbibe z‟uwo mugabane.Umugabane w‟Afurika uberanye

n‟umurimo w‟Itorero mu isi.

3.3.3 Kubaka Afurika

Intumbero y‟isi dukurikije Bibiliya idutera kureba kure y‟ibibazo n‟imibabaro yayo: uko

byamera kose, ibyiringiro biracyariho kandi bihoraho.Umurimo wo kuducungura Yesu Kristo

yakoze, kwizera guhamye kw‟Itorero rye bidutera kumva neza ko ubuzima busesuye muri

Afurika bushoboka kandi natwe tubigizemo uruhare. Ni muri uwo murongo Itorero rishobora

kubakamo Afurika, habaho no kuzirikana ko ibihe bishya bigomba gusimbura iby‟ibibazo

(ibuka isezerano ry‟Imana na Nowa) n‟akaga (Abaroma 8: 18) - “Dore byose ndabihindura

bishya” (Ibyahishuwe 21: 5).

Kamana yavuze ko Itorero rya Kristo rifite uruhare rudasubirwaho mu kubaka Afurika nshya

no mu kerecyezo cy ‟umuryango abaturage bacu bashaka kubamo no kwiyubakira ubwabo41

.

38

F. E. Bouraga, et all., Le génocide rwandais, Interrogation des intellectuels africains, Yaoundé, 2006. 39

Jean Claude Djeréke, op.cit., p. 267. 40

Au Rwanda par exemple, parmi les membres de la commission nationale de lutte contre le SIDA et celle

d‟unité et réconciliation, il ya des pasteurs. 41

Jean Claude Djeréke, op.cit.

23


Inshingano y‟abakristo mu kubaka Afurika irenze ibyo basabwa. Bakwiye kwiyemeza,

kwitanga kugira ngo Kristo arusheho kugaragara mu muryango wabo nk‟uko A. Biyere (A.

Biéler) abishimangira muri aya magambo: “ Gukora kwa Kristo n‟Itorero rye muri sosiyete ni

ko gukora gukwiye kuranga sosiyete zose, kandi niko gukeshwa iterambere. Niko gukora

kw‟Imana mu mateka y‟abantu , nk‟uko umugambi wayo w‟urukundo n‟agakiza ku bantu bose

biri, yo ishaka ko buri muntu wese, yaba umukene cyangwa umukire, atakandagirwa,

atarenganywa, atarimbuka”.42

Kubaka Afurika ni urugendo rererure kandi rukomeye, rusaba kwinjirwamo n‟abantu twese,

abagize Amatorero, abanyapolitiki, abigisha, abashinzwe iterambere, abashinzwe imibereho

myiza n‟abandi. Nta rwego na rumwe rw‟ubuzima rutagomba kubigiramu uruhare:

Ivugabutumwa, uburezi, ubuzima, iterambere ry‟ubukungu, ikoranabuhanga, itangazamakuru,

kwita ku bidukikije, imiyoborere myiza, ubutabera, umubano n‟amahanga, umutekano.

Ibibazo

1. Ni ibihe bibazo bitatu by‟ingutu byugarije Afurika?

2. Ni iki cyerekana ko muri iki gihe uruhare rw‟Itorero rukenewe cyane kugira ngo ibibazo

byugarije Afurika bishobore kubonerwa umuti?

3. Ni mu zihe nzego uruhare rw‟Itorero rwagaragaramo cyane kugira ngo dushobore kongera

kubaka Afurika?

42

A. Biéler, Les Eglises et l‟économie, Genève, 1983, pp. 44-45.

24

ICYUMWERU CYA KANE

ISOMO RYA KANE

4. IMIBEREHO Y’UMUKRISTO MU ISI

Intego rusange:

Kwerekana ko imyizerere y‟umukristo igaragarira mu buzima bwe bwa buri munsi


4.1 Umuryango no guhyingiranwa bya gikristo Intego igamijwe:

Kwerekana uko umuryango no gushyingiranwa bya gikristo ari ishingiro ry‟imibereho myiza

no gushyira hamwe muri sosiyete

Ibice bisomwa:

Itangiriro 1: 26-28; 2: 18-25; 16: 1-16 Malaki 2: 13-16

Matayo 19: 4-9 Abefeso 5: 22-23; 6:1-4

4.1.1 Umuryango no gushyingiranwa dukurikije imico yo muri Afurika

a) Umuryango nyafurika

Umuryango ni ishingiro rya buri sosiyete. Niwo sosiyete yubakiraho gahunda n‟ibikorwa

byayo.Uburezi, umurimo, imyemerere, gucunga ibya rubanda, ubutabera n‟ibindi bitegurirwa

mu muryango mbere y‟uko byagurwa ngo bifate intera y‟akarere kose, igihugu cyose ndetse

n‟amahanga.

I Burayi, umuryango ugizwe n‟umugabo, umugore n‟abana. Naho muri Afurika, umuryango

tuvuga si uwo, ni uwagutse kurushaho.

Nk‟uko J. Adriyensesi (J. Adriaenssens) abivuga, umuryango muri Afurika ni ihuriro ry‟

ibintu byose bituma abantu benshi baba hamwe, bafatanya hakurikijwe amabwiriza agenga

imibereho muri sosiyete. Yongeraho ko ubuvandimwe butuma ababuhuriyeho bagirana

imibanire twagereranya n‟igice cy‟imibanire rusange muri sosiyete. Iyo miterere ya sosiyete

niyo igena inshingano za buri wese mu itsinda arimo, kandi ikagenzura ndetse igakumira

amakimbirane ashobora guterwa n‟ibyo abantu badahuriyeho cyangwa batumva kimwe.43

Muri Afurika, buri muntu abarirwa mu muryango ugizwe nibura n‟abantu baba mu nzu imwe,

mu muryango mugari (w‟ababyeyi be bombi), mu bwoko bumwe no muri sosiyete muri

rusange. Umuryango niwo utanga umuco kandi urufatiro rwa buri terambere, buri gahunda na

buri ngamba z‟ibihugu ziwerekezaho.

b) Gushyingiranwa muri Afurika

Gushyingiranwa ni ukuba umwe k‟umugabo n‟umugore, kuburyo abana babavukaho bitwa

urubyaro rwabo ku buryo bwemewe n‟amategeko.44

Muri Afurika gushyingiranwa ntibiterwa

gusa n‟ubwumvikane hagati y‟umusore n‟umukobwa. Gushingira ku mabwiriza ashyirwaho

na sosiyete barimo: ni ukuvuga ubwumvikane bw‟imiryango yabo, imiziro, inkwano n‟ibindi.

Gushyingiranwa guteguwe hakurikijwe uko umuco ubiteganya gukomeza umubano hagati

y‟imiryango irebwa nako.

43

J. Adriaenssens, La parenté, la famille et le mariage au Rwanda, inédit, Butare, 1962, pp. 4-5. 44

Royal Anthropological Institute, 1951, p. 10 ; Maquet, O.C. p. 81,in J. Adriaenssens, op.cit., p. 17.

25

ICYUMWERU CYA KANE

4.1.2 Umuryango no gushyingiranwa ukurikije Bibiliya

Mu gitabo kibanza, Bibiliya ishimangira gahunda y‟Imana mu mibanire y‟umugabo

n‟umugore. Igitabo cy‟itangiriro 1: 26-28 kivuga ko umugabo n‟umugore bombi baremwe mu

ishusho y‟Imana. Bahawe gutwara ibindi byaremwe kandi gushyingiranwa kwabo guhabwa

umugisha n‟Imana: “Mwororoke mugwire, mwuzure isi” (Itangiriro 1: 28). Igice cya 2: 18

cy‟icyo gitabo kigaragaza ubushake bw‟Imana, ni ukuvuga imibereho myiza y‟umuntu: “Si

byiza ko uyu muntu aba wenyine, reka muremere umufasha umukwiriye”.Bityo,

gushyingiranwa byashyizweho n‟Imana. Dukurikije igitabo cy‟Itangiriro igice cya mbere

n‟icya kabiri gushyingiranwa kugamije kuba umwe kw‟abashakanye no kubyara45

.

Gushyingiranwa n‟umuryango byashyizweho kubw‟umugisha wihariye w‟Imana yashyize

umubano w‟abadahuje igitsina ku rwego rukomeye. Gusohoza ubumwe bw‟umugabo

n‟umugore mu mubiri umwe, bivuga ugushyingiranwa k‟umugabo umwe n‟umugore umwe

no kudatandukana (kubana akarakata).46

Imana ishaka ko gushyingiranwa n‟umuryango

by‟ubwoko bwayo biba ibyera. Kuba umubiri umwe kw‟abashakanye ni ishusho y‟ubumwe

hagati y‟Imana n‟ubwoko bwayo. Niyo mpamvu abahanuzi batahwemye gushinja Isirayeli

gutera umugongo Imana no kwiruka inyuma y‟ibigirwamana. “Nzamuhora iminsi yamaze

yosereza ibigirwamana bya Bayali imibavu, yambaye impeta zo mu matwi n‟inigi,

agakurikira abakunzi be naho njye akanyibagirwa. Niko Uwiteka avuga”(Hoseya 2: 15).

Mu Isezerano Rishya, gushyigiranwa ni ishusho y‟umubano hagati ya Kristo n‟Itorero

(Abefeso 5: 21 n‟ikurikira). Umwanya wo gushyingiranwa n‟umuryango ushimangirwa kandi

n‟ibitabo by‟ubutumwa bwiza n‟inzandiko.Kuba umwe kwa Yosefu na Mariya, kuba

Umwami Yesu yaravukiye mu muryango,inyigisho za Yesu zivuga ibyo kudasese

amasezerano y‟abashakanye n‟impuguro z‟Intumwa zerekeranye no kubahana, urukundo no

kwera bigomba kuranga gushyingiranwa n‟umuryango, ibyo byose bihamya ku buryo

budasubirwaho kubana akaramata kw‟abashyingiranywe mu muryango w‟abantu (Yohana 2:

1-5; Matayo 19: 4-9; Abefeso 5: 21-33, 6: 1-4).

4.1.3 Ingaruka zo kugwa k’umuntu

Kubera kugwa k‟umuntu, ubutunzi bwose Imana yari yarateganyirije abashyingiranywe mu

muryango bwangijwe no kwikunda. Ari Linaridi (Henry Leenhardt) avuga ibi bikurikira

kubyerekeye ingaruka z‟uko kugwa ku gushyiranwa n‟umuryango: “Iyo Imana idahari,

umugabo n‟umugore baba ari bonyine: ntibaba bakiri umubiri umwe imbere y‟Imana, baba

ari ibiremwa bibiri kimwe iruhande rw‟ikindi. „Amaso yabo bombi arahweza, bamenya yuko

bambaye ubusa, badoda ibibabi by‟imitini, biremeramo ibicocero‟” (Itangiriro 3:7).

Inkurikizi zikomeye zo kureka Imana zigaragazwa n‟amagambo ahishwe y‟Uwiteka: „uzajya

ubyara abana ubabara, kwifuza kwawe kuzaherera ku mugabo wawe, nawe azagutwara….

uzaniye ubutaka kuvumwa…..uzajya urya ibibuvamo ugombye kubiruhira….. (Itangiriro 3:

16-20).47

Uwo mwanditsi akomeza avuga ko niba ubutaka buvumye, kandi umurimo ukaba

warahindutse itegeko rikomeye ku bantu, niba umuryango w‟abashakanye waratakaje

ubumwe bw‟umwuka kandi kwifuza kukaba ari itegeko riremereye rishingiye ku gitsina,

igisobanuro cya mbere cyo gutwara isi k‟umuntu n‟icy‟ubumwe bw‟abashakanye mu

gushyingiranwa biracyafite agaciro n‟ubwo hakiriho ingorane ziterwa n‟icyaha.

45

Herry Leenhhardt, Le mariage chrétien, Neuchatel/ Paris, 1946, p.10. 46

Ibidem. 47

Ibidem, p. 11.

26

ICYUMWERU CYA KANE

Gushaka abagore benshi cyangwa abagabo benshi byaragaragaye kuva kera muri sosiyete zo

muri Afurika, kandi bigenda bifata intera ikabije muri iki gihe.Gucana inyuma

kw‟abashakanye, gutandukana kw‟abashakanye, kuri ibyo hakiyongeraho gushakana

kw‟abahuje ibitsina, gucuruza ibitsina, abagabo n‟abagore b‟indaya, n‟ibindi bikabije kuganza

muri Afurika. Ibyo bifite ingaruka zikomeye, nko kwandura SIDA, ibibazo mu miryango,

ubukene n‟ibindi. Tugiye kuvuga gusa ku ngaruka imwe, ariyo ugutandukana

kw‟abashakanye.

Impamvu zo gutandukana kw‟abashakanye ni nyinshi: gucana inyuma, amakimbirane mu

rugo (intonganya, kurwana), kutabyara biturutse ku mpamvu runaka, n‟ibindi. Ubusanzwe

gutandukana kubaho iyo nta wundi muti ushoboka. Sosiyete igira amategeko n‟amabwiriza

agamije kubumbatira ubumwe bw‟umuryango. Mu bwoko bwa Isirayeli, kugira ngo umuntu

yirukane umugore we, yagombaga kumuha icyemezo cyo gutandukana (Matayo 19: 7).

Ariko muri Afurika, iyo habayeho ubwumvikane bucye hagati y‟abashakanye, biyambaza

ababyeyi babo cyangwa abagize umuryango mu buryo bwagutse. Yewe n‟iyo umugore ku

mpamvu z‟umutekano, afashe icyemezo cyo gusubira iwabo, ibyo ntibivuga ko gutandukana

kuba guhise kubaho. Gutandukana bibaho iyo ubundi buryo bwose bwo guhuza no kunga

abashakanye bukoreshejwe ntibugire icyo bugeraho. Amategeko menshi ateganya ko

icyemezo ko gutandukana kw‟abashakanye gifatwa gusa n‟inkiko.

Itorero ryo ntiridohoka ku kubana akaramata Bibiliya iteganya. “Ni cyo gituma umuntu

azasiga se na nyina, akabana n‟umugore we akaramata, bombi bakaba umubiri umwe”(Kuva

2: 24; Matayo 19: 5; Abefeso 5: 31). Gutandukana kw‟abashakanye ntibiri mu bushake

bw‟Imana. Kuko Imana iravuga iti “Si byiza ko uyu muntu aba wenyine, reka muremere

umufasha umukwiriye” (Itangiriro 2: 18). Icyakora, mu rwego rwo kurengera ubuzima, ni

ngombwa ko abashakanye batagishoboye kwihanganirana, bageze aho kuba bakwicana,

bamena amaraso batandukana. Icyaha kinjiye mu isi, nicyo gituma sosiyete ikwiriye

guhagurukira kurinda uko bishoboka kose uburenganzira bw‟ibanze bw‟ikiremwa muntu. Ibi

Itorero rigomba kubigiramo uruhare runini. Mu guhamya umubano w‟akaramata ku

bashyingiranywe, Itorero rikwiriye gushakira sosiyete uburyo buhamye kandi burambye bwo

kuwubumbatira.

4.1.4 Umwihariko wo gushyingiranwa n’umuryango wa gikristo muri Afurika

N‟ubwo hariho guteshuka nshingano z‟umuryango, ndetse ibyo bikagira ingaruka zikomeye,

umuco nyafurika utanga ishusho yo gushyingiranwa n‟umuryango bijyana n‟umugambi

w‟Imana. Abenshi mu banyafurika baracyakomeye ku mwanya wo gushyingiranwa

n‟inshingano y‟umuryango nk‟urufatiro rw‟ubuzima, uburezi, n‟iterambere. Muri iki gihe

usanga ibintu byose ku isi yose byisanisha, mu gihe iterambere mu by‟ubumenyi, mu

bukungu no mu ikoranabuhanga ari ryo rigenga za sosiyete zose, mu gihe umubano hagati

y‟abantu wasimbuwe n‟ushingiye ku nyungu z‟amafaranga, aho gushyira imbere ubuzima

byazimye, kugaruka ku bushake bw‟Imana, ni ukuvuga imibereho myiza y‟abashakanye

n‟imiryango ni ngombwa kandi birihutirwa.

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ICYUMWERU CYA KANE

4.1.5 Kubumbatira umubano w’abashakanye n’uw’umuryango muri rusange

Iyo tuvuga ukwishyira ukizana mu by‟ubukungu, mu by‟imyizerere, mu bya politiki, no mu

bindi, ni ngombwa kwibutsa k ibyo bitandukanye n‟uburenganzira burenze urugero, busenya

sosiyete, butabungabunga ubuzima bw‟ikiremwa muntu. Nicyo gituma duhamya nta

gushidikanya ko gahunda za gikristo ndetse

N‟iz‟umuco nyafurika zerekeranye no gushyingiranwa hamwe n‟umuryango ari izo

gushyigikirwa, kandi hakamaganwa ukwishyira ukizana mu gukoresha ibitsina. Afurika

ntikwiriye na rimwe kwemera gutakaza ubwo bukungu bwayo, ngo yemere kuyobywa

n‟ibihugu byitwa ko byateye imbere. Gutsimbarara ku byiza by‟ umuco wacu byaba ari

inkunga y‟ubumuntu ikomeye yo gutera isi yose. Ni Ubutumwa bwiza bugomba gutangazwa

Afurika yihereyeho yo ubwayo.

Nk‟uko J. Ngah abishimangira, ahantu hatwegereye kurusha ahandi ni umujyi wacu,

umudugudu wacu. Byaba rero bitumvikana gushaka kubwiriza ubutumwa indi midugudu

kandi n‟uwacu utarabwumvira. Hari abitwaza uyu mugani uvuga ko “Nta muhanuzi iwabo”

bashaka gutwikira intege nke z‟ ivugabutumwa aho batuye. Abo bagomba kumenya ko Kristo

ubwe yabwirije Ubutumwa bwiza bw‟Ubwami mu mudugudu avukamo.48

Ibibazo

1. Ushingiye ku bumenyi ufite, erekana ingaruka zo gushaka abagore cyangwa abagabo

benshi kuri sosiyete.

2. Garagaza ukuntu ibyiza by‟umuco nyafurika byerekeranye no gushyingiranwa

ndetse n‟umuryango ari ubutunzi bwagirira akamaro isi yose muri iki gihe cya none.

48

J. Ngah, op.cit., p. 92.

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ICYUMWERU CYA KANE


4.2 Umurimo no gufasha abandi Intego igamijwe:

Kwerekana ishingiro ry‟ururimo muri Bibiliya n‟ uruhare rwawo mu iterambere rya sosiyete

Ibice bisomwa:

Itangiriro 1: 1-31; 2: 15; 1:17; 11: 1-5 Kuva 36: 1-5

Nehemiya 2: 17-20 Zaburi 100 : 1-5

Ibyakozwe n‟Intumwa 20 : 33-35 2 Abatesalonike 3 : 6-15

4.2.1 Icyo Bibiliya ivuga ku murimo

Bibiliya ivuga umurimo w‟umuntu mu buryo bwinshi : « Ku ruhande rumwe, umurimo ni

ikintu cyiza Imana yashyizeho kubw‟ibyiza n‟umunezero by‟umuntu. Ku rundi ruhande,

umurimo ugaragazwa nk‟imvune, isoko y‟umubabaro49

. Kubera icyaha cyaje mu isi, hari

igihe umurimo w‟umuntu umubera umutwaro, bityo ugasa n‟aho ntacyo umumariye.

Nyamara, kubona gusa uruhande rubi rw‟umurimo byaba ari ukutagira kwizera.

a) Umurimo ni inshingano

Ibice bibiri bibanza by‟igitabo cy‟Itangiriro bigaragaza ko umurimo w‟umuntu ukomoka ku

nshingano yahawe n‟Imana kugira ngo ashobore gucunga, guhinga, gutegeka no kongera

ibyaremwe. Umurimo w‟umuntu ugamije gukomeza kurema, kugeza ibiremwa ku mwuzuro

wabyo. Nicyo cyatumye umuntu aremwa mu ishusho y‟Imana agahabwa amabwiriza kandi

akagirwa umuyobozi w‟ibindi biremwa : «Uwiteka Imana ijyana wa muntu, imushyira muri

iyo ngobyi yo muri Edeni, ngo ahingire ibirimo, ayirinde. » (Itangiriro 2 : 15). Nyuma icyaha

cyaje kubangamira iyo gahunda. Abantu benshi bibwira ko iyo icyaha kitabaho no guhinga

bitari kubaho. Ni ukuvuga ko kuri bo, umurimo ari umuvumo, ingaruka y‟icyaha (Itangiriro

3 : 17). Ibyo byinjiye mu bitekerezo by‟abakristo benshi bo muri Afurika muri iki gihe ku

buryo usanga umurimo w‟Imana warahinduwe uw‟umwuka, utandukanywa n‟ibintu bifatika,

ndetse n‟iby‟ubukungu. Ku batekereza gutyo, umurimo w‟Imana ugarukira gusa ku gusenga,

amateraniro, kuririmba muri Korali, gusura abarwayi, ivugabutumwa, ubushumba. Ibyo bifite

ingaruka zikomeye ku bukristo bw‟Abanyafurika no ku iterambere ryabo mu by‟ubukungu.

b) Umurimo nk’inshingano yo gusohoza

Ijambo umurimo rikomoka ku ry‟ikigiriki « erigoni » (ergon) ryerekana ibikorwa by‟umuntu,

byaba byiza cyangwa bibi50

. Rigaragaza kandi umusaruro w‟umurimo ukozwe. Ni ukuvuga

ko ryumvikanisha umunezero n‟ibyiza byo gukora. Bityo, n‟ubwo icyaha cyabayeho,

umurimo w‟umuntu si uwo gususurwa cyangwa kwamburwa igisobanuro cyawo mu maso

y‟Imana. Aho kubona mu murimo umuvumo, aho kuwubona nk‟ikibi ariko cya ngombwa

kugira ngo abantu babeho nyuma y‟uko icyaha kije mu isi, umurimo ushobora kumvikana nko

gufatanya n‟Imana hakurikijwe ubushake bwayo, igikorwa kigamije kugeza ibiremwa ku

mwuzuro no ku isohozwa ry‟umuhamagaro w‟umuntu. Kubw‟ibyo, umurimo w‟umuntu

ugamije kubaka no kurema.

49

Op.cit, p. 29. 50

Op. cit., pp.32-33.

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ICYUMWERU CYA KANE

c) Umurimo mu ngorane

Uretse « erigoni », Isezerano Rishya rikoresha n‟irini jambo « koros » (korosi) ryerekana

ingorane, umuhati n‟umubabaro biherekeza umurimo w‟umuntu, hagamijwe kwibutsa ko

umurimo ushobora no gukorwa mu gihe cy‟umubabaro, ubwoba no guhungabana51

. Ibyo

byerekana ukuntu ingaruka z‟icyaha cy‟ umuntu zaje kubangamira gahunda y‟irema.

4.2.2 Akamaro ko gukora

Gukora bigaragaza ibintu bibiri : umurimo n‟ingorane. R. Somerville yerekana ibintu bine

bishimangira ukuntu n‟ubwo ingorane ziriho, abakora bashobora kugira icyo bageraho52

.

a) Kubona ibyo kurya

Gukora bituma umuntu yibonera ibyo kumutunga, we n‟abe “Umukozi akwiriye

guhembwa”Luka 10: 7). Pawulo yongeraho aya magambo “umuntu wese wanga gukora

ntakarye” (2 Abatesalonike 3:10). Icyakora ni ngombwa kumenya ko umurimo ugamije ibyo

kurya gusa ushobora kuganisha ku kurengwa no ku bwoba. Nicyo cyatumye abahanuzi

badahwema kuburira abihimbaza bo ubwabo kubw‟ubutunzi: “bazabona ishyano

abazindurwa no kuvumba ibisindisha, bakaba ari cyo biririrwa bakabirara inkera, kugeza

ubwo bibahindura nk‟abasazi” (Yesaya 5:8). Inyigisho za Yesu zica akarongo kuri icyo kintu

aho ararikira abigishwa be kudatinya (Matayo 6: 25-34). Kuko umurimo ari impano y‟Imana,

umuntu ntagomba guhinguka igikoresho cyawo. Niyo impamvu igaragaza ko ari mngombwa

gukora, ariko hakabaho n‟igihe cyo kuruhuka k‟umuntu we ubwe, ukw‟abakozi muri rusange

ndetse n‟ukw‟imirima (reba umwaka wa Yubule, Abalewi 26).

b) Kugaragaza no gukungahaza imiterere y’umuntu

Tuzi ko gukora umurimo ari isoko y‟ubunararibonye. Kubw‟umurimo, impano Imana

yashyize muri buri muntu zirakora, kandi zigakungahaza imiterere y‟umuntu. Ni yo mpamvu

iyo umuntu acura ahinduka umucuzi. Uburyo bw‟imyigire bugezweho bushingiye ku ihame

rimwe: “kwiga ukora”.Umurimo ukoranywe umutimanama wose, ugira uruhare rukomeye

kimwe n‟ubundi buhanga bwo mu buzima wo kubaka ubufatanye hagati y‟umuntu n‟ukuri

kw‟ibintu.Umuntu mu murimo we afite umwanya we mu muryango w‟abantu53

.

c) Gukorera abandi

Ijambo “gukorera abandi” rifite umwanya ukomeye Bibiliya. Iyo umuntu akiri umunyeshuri

ubyiruka, akaba ashaka guhitamo ishami azakurikira, hakunze kubaho gukururwa n‟ishami

abona ko abarirangije bakorera amafaranga menshi, bubahwa, bahabwa agaciro

gakomeye.Ariko mu rwego rw‟umurimo, icy‟ingenzi si ubukire, cyangwa ikuzo, ahubwo ni

ukugirira umumaro abandi. Umurimo ugira icyo ugeza ku bandi kiza ushingiye kuri Bibiliya.

Yesu ubwe yaravuze ati: “Nk‟uko Umwana w‟umuntu ataje gukorerwa, ahubwo yaje

gukorera abandi no gutangira ubugingo bwe kuba inshungu ya benshi”(Matayo 20: 28).

Imirimo yagiye ikorwa mu rwego rwo gukorera abandi niyo iherekeza umuntu mu buzima

bwe bwose, yewe na nyuma y‟urupfu.

51

R. Somerville, op.cit., p 34. 52

Op. cit., pp. 39-50. 53

Cf. Feudi in R.Somerville, op.cit., p.43.

30

ICYUMWERU CYA KANE

d) Guhimbaza Imana

Iyo umuntu asohoza inshingano yahawe n‟Imana, aba ayihimbaza. Iyo acunga neza ibyo

Imana yamuragije, yifashishije umurimo ukorewe neza mugenzi we, aba asubiza ubushake

bw‟Imana, aba ayinezeza kandi ayikuza54

. Bityo intego y‟umurimo w‟uwizera mu isi ni

uguhesha Imana icyubahiro. Umurimo ukozwe muri ubwo buryo bwo guhesha Umwami w‟isi

icyubahiro no gufasha abagize Itorero, nta vangura iryo ari ryi ryose, ugira uruhare rukomeye

mu gukungahaza ubunararibonye n‟imiterere y‟umukozi kandi ukamugeza no kubimutunga.

4.2.3 Umurimo n’Iterambere muri Afurika.

Afurika ni umugabane ufite ubutunzi karemano bunyuranye : amazi, ubutaka, amabuye

y‟agaciro, ibimera n‟inyamaswa, n‟ibindi byinshi. Kuba muri iki gihe ibarirwa mu bihugu

bikiri inyuma mu majyambere si uko nta butunzi ifite. Impamvu yashakirwa mu mateka,

abaturage n‟uburyo bwo gukora. Ubwo Simoni Sebagabo yakoraga ubushakashatsi ku

bwiyongere bw‟abaturage nk‟inkomoko y‟ubuzima bubi muri Afurika yo hagati muri rusange

no mu Rwanda by‟umwihariko, yashyize ahagaragara bimwe mu bitera ubukene mu bihugu

bikiri inyuma mu majyambere, ari byo55

:

Imiyoborere mibi: Imiterere sosiyete mu bya politiki, imibanire, ubukungu n‟ibindi

igira ingaruka ku murimo no ku bundi buryo abaturage bakoresha kugira ngo babone

umusaruro. Imiyoborere mibi yagiye igira ingaruka z‟uburyo bwinshi muri Afuruka:

guhunga icyaro, imicungire mibi y‟ubukungu bw‟ibihugu, politiki zikandamiza

ibihugu bikennye, inzara, intambara, n‟ibindi byinshi56

.

Guhunga icyaro: Guhunga icyaro ni kimwe mu biranga ukuba inyuma mu

iterambere. Guhunga icyaro guterwa n‟ibintu bine by‟ingenzi: kwiyongera cyane

cyangwa se kutiyongera kw‟abaturage n‟ngano ndetse n‟imiterere y‟ubutaka, imiterere

y‟ibyerekeranye n‟ubuhinzi, kutagira umurongo ngenderwaho uboneye mu

by‟ubuhinzi kw‟ibihugu bimwe na bimwe, ubusumbane hagati y‟umugabo n‟umugore.

Imikoranire mu bya politiki no mu by’ubukungu n’ibihugu byateye imbere:

Imitunganyirize y‟ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga ikorwa ku buryo bubangamiye ibihugu

bikennye. Ibihugu bikennye birushaho gukena ibikize nabyo bikarushaho gukira.

Imikoranire hagati y‟imijyi n‟icyaro mu bihugu bikennye: Mu gihe imigi itungwa

n‟ibivuye mu cyaro ku giciro kiri hasi, ibiciro by‟ibicuruzwa mu mijyi biri hejuru

cyane. Kuri ibyo hiyongeraho ubusumbane bw‟imbaraga zishyirwa mu mijyi

ugereranyije n‟izijya mu cyaro. Ibyo rero ingaruka mbi ku mibereho y‟abatuye icyaro.;

Umusaruro mucye cyane n‟imishahara iri hasi cyane (iki ni kimwe mu bikunze abantu

bahunga icyaro ari benshi. Iki kibazo kirushaho gukomezwa n‟uko n‟ubutunzi buhari

butabyazwa umusaruro. Twavuga kandi ko umusaruro uboneka mu bihe bimwe na

bimwe gusa, bityo gushaka kwihaza mu biribwa ntibishobokekubera ihindagurika

ry‟ikirere57

.

54

Op.cit., pp. 47-48 55

S. Sebagabo, La densité démographique comme facteur de misère ou de progrès en Afrique Centrale en

général et au Rwanda en articulier, Yaoundé, 2004, pp. 131-193. 56

Op. cit., 138. 57

Op. cit., 138-139.

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ICYUMWERU CYA KANE

Kuri ibyo bintu bitanu, Sebagabo Simoni yagaragaje, dushobora kongeraho icya gatandatu, ari

cyo: Kudakoresha ikoranabuhanga mu murimo w‟ubuhinzi. Mu ruhande rumwe, ibyo biterwa

n‟imiyoborere mibi ijyana no kudasaranganya ubukungu bw‟amafaranga n‟ibikoresho ku

buryo bungana.

Umwanzuro

Gushyigikira umurimo ni inzira ndasubirwaho, kugira ngo umugabane w‟Afurika ushobore

kugira ubuzima n‟ubugingo byinshi (ni ukuvuga iterambere mu mvugo

y‟iby‟ubukungu).Itorero rigomba gusohoza umurimo waryo wo kumurikishirisha umuryango

(sosiyete ) icyo Bibiliya iwuvugaho nk‟inshingano Imana yahaye umuntu kugira ngo abone

ibimutunga, ateze imbere imiberehoye, agirire akamaro abandi kandi aheshe Imana

icyubahiro. Ntirikwiriye kandi kwitiranya umurimo w‟Imana n‟iby‟umwuka ngo risuzugure

umurimo w‟amaboko, iby‟ubwenge n‟ubukungu, kuko bitabaye bityo, ryaba ryerekeza abantu

ku mibereho mibi, ku bukene budafite iherezo. Muri Afurika muri iki gihe, Itorero rikwiriye

no kwamagana akarengane k‟uburyo bwose n‟ikandamizwa bikorerwa abagore, abana,

abakene, abamugaye.

Ibibazo:

1. Vuga ibintu bine Bibiliya ivuga ku miterere y‟umurimo w‟umuntu

2. Vuga nibura ibintu bine bitera Afurika kuba inyuma mu majyambere

3. Kuki ibyaro byo muri Afurika byiganjemo ubukene?

32

ICYUMWERU CYA KANE


4.3 Umukristo na politike Intego igamijwe:

Gusobanura umwanya wa politiki muri Sosiyete n‟uruhare rw‟Itorero mu isi

Ibice bisomwa:

Gutegeka kwa kabiri 6: 4-9 1 Samweli 8: 1-22

Zaburi 118: 1-29 Amosi 8: 4-8

Matayo 5: 3-16; 20: 20-28 Ibyahishuwe 21: 1-8

4.3.1 Imiterere ya politiki muri Isirayeli

a) Politike ni iki?

Yohani Karawudiyani Jereke (Jean Claude Djéreke) avuga ko Politiki ari ugushaka ikiza

gihuriweho n‟ahantu bose habaho kwamagana ruswa no guharanira ubutabera

n‟uburenganzira bw‟ikiremwa muntu58

. Ubusanzwe ijambo polotike rikomoka ki ry‟ikigiriki

“polis” risobanura umujyi (Ville) cyangwa umudugugu (Cité). Ni ukuvuga ko ari uburyo bwo

kubaho, gukora abatuye umudugudu bumvikanaho kugira ngo buri wese muri bo ashobore

kubaho kandi uburenganzira bwe bwubahirizwe. Politike yumvikansha gahunda no

guharanira imibereho myiza y‟abaturage, haba mu by‟imibanire n‟umuco, mu by‟ubukungu,

mu by‟idini, n‟ibindi. Kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho, ni ngombwa ko hashyirwaho inzego

z‟ubuyobozi.

b) Imiterere ya politike muri isirayeli

Ntitwavuga imiterere ya politike muri Isirayeli tutayijyananye n‟ubumwe bw‟ubwo bwoko

n‟Imana yabwo, yo yabwihishuriye mbere na mbere ubwo yabukuraga muri Egiputa. Nk‟uko

Woungly-Massaga abishimangira: “ Gukurwa mu Egiputa nibyo byagengaga imyifatire ya

buri muntu n‟amateka y‟igihugu byagombaga gushingirwaho. Kandi koko ni ukuri, ku bwoko

bw‟Isezerano rya Kera, Imana yiyerekaniye muri uko gucungura”59

Icyakora na none

ntawavuga ubumwe bwa Isirayeli n‟Uwiteka atavuze ibibazo byakunze guterwa no gushaka

kwigana abanyakanani. Ibice byo mu gitabo cyo gutegekwa kwa kabiri bigaragaza ko

imiterere ya politike Imana ishaka hagati mu bwoko bwayo ari ubutegetsi buyishingiyeho

(ubutegetsi bw‟Imana). Imana niyo shingiro ry‟imiterere ya politike y‟ubwoko bayo “Umva

wa bwoko bw‟Avbisirayeli we, Uwiteka Imana yacu niyo Uwiteka wenyine. Ukundishe

Uwiteka Imana yawe umutima wawe wose n‟ubugingo bwawe bwose n‟imbaraga zawe

zose”(Gutegeka kwa kabiri 6: 4-5).

Kugira ngo politike ishingiye ku buyobozi bw‟umwami yemerwe, hari ibyagombaga kubanza

kumvikanwaho. Igitabo cyo Gutegeka kwa kabiri 17: 14-20 cyaba cyaranditswe mu bihe byo

kurwanya ingoma y‟abami nk‟abo bitewe no kurengera kwari kwarakunze kugaragara muri

Isirayeli (1 Samweli 8: 11-18). Imiyoborere cyangwa politiki y‟icyitegererezo y‟Umwami

nyawe, iboneza imibereho y‟abaturage. Ishyirwaho ry‟abami basanzwe ryo ryarangwaga no

gukandamiza abaturage, akarengane k‟uburyo bwose. Ariko kwimika Uwiteka byo

bigaragazwa n‟amahoro, agakiza, gucungurwa k‟ubwoko bwe.

58

J. Claude Djéreke, op.cit., p. 78. 59

E. M. Woungly-Massaga, A travers l‟Ancien Testament, Perspective Théologique, Yawoundé, 2005, pp29-30.

33

ICYUMWERU CYA KANE

Gusubira inyuma kwa Isirayeli no kujyanwa i Babuloni ni ingaruka zo gutera umugongo

Uwiteka k‟ubwoko bwe n‟abayobozi babwo, bagakorera ibigirwamana.

4.3.2 Yesu na Politike

Yifashishije igice cya 61:1-3 cy‟umuhanuzi Yesaya, Yesu atangaza ko umurimo we ari mbere

na mbere imibanire na politike.”Umwuka w‟Umwami Imana uri kuri jye, kuko Uwiteka

yansize amavuta ngo mbwirize abagwaneza ubutumwa bwiza, yantumye kuvura abafite

imvune mu mutima no kumenyesha imbohe ko zibohowe, no gukingurira abari mu nzu

y‟imbohe. Kandi yantumye no kumenyesha abantu umwaka w‟imbabazi z‟Uwiteka, n‟umunsi

Imana yacu izahoreramo inzigo, no guhoza abarira bose. Yantumye no gushyiriraho itegeko

ab‟i Siyoni barira , ryo kubaha ikamba mu kimbo cy‟ivu, n‟amavuta yo kunezerwa mu kimbo

cy‟ubwirabure, n‟umwambaro w‟ibyishimo mu cyimbo cy‟umutima wihebye, kugira ngo

bahereko bitwe ibiti byo gukiranuka byatewe n‟Uwiteka ngo bimuheshe icyubahiro”. Iki gice

kigaragaza gahunda y‟ubwami gihuye n‟icya Mariko 1: 14-15, kivuga iyo gahunda mu yandi

magambo. “……avuga ubutumwa bwiza: „Igihe kirasohoye , Ubwami bw‟Imana buri hafi.

Nuko mwihane, mwemere ubutumwa bwiza‟”.

Bityo, politike ya Yesu, ni ukuvuga porogaramu ye, yerekeye ubutegetsi no guhindura

sosiyete, ireba iby‟Umwuka ikita ku by‟imibanire, ubukungu n‟umuco. Ni inzira itandukanye

n‟iyo abantu bari bamenyereye, ni cyo gituma avuga ati: “Muzi yuko abami

b‟abanyamahanga babatwaza igitugu, n‟abakomeye babo bahawe kubategeka. Ariko muri

mwe si ko biri, ahubwo ushaka kuba mukuru muri mwe ajye aba umugaragu wanyu, kandi

ushaka kuba uw‟imbere muri mwe, ajye aba imbata yanyu, nk‟uko Umwana w‟umuntu ataje

gukorerwa, ahubwo yaje gukorera abandi no gutanga ubugingo bwe kuba incungu ya benshi”

(Matayo 20: 25-28).

Yesu ahamya ko ubutegetsi ari ubw‟Imana kandi ko buva kuri yo yonyine, ariko akerekana

icyerekezo cya politike iboneye mu gihe cye, nk‟uko Kwame Bediyako (Kwame Dediako)

abishimangira muri aya magambo: “Inzira ya Yesu ni iyo kwiyemeza no kugira uruhare (..)

bikomoka ku ijambo rimwe ry‟ubutegetsi- ubutegesi bwo kuneshesha kwihorera imbabazi,

ihohotera umubabaro, amahane urukundo, kwishyira kejuru kwicisha bugufi (..). Mu yandi

magambo, kuri Yesu ubutegetsi si ubwo gusumba, kuruta abandi”60

.

Yesu ntiyigeze arwanya politike. Mu buzima bwe, mu nyigisho ze, cyane cyane urupfu no

kuzuka bye nk‟umuntu y‟umunyapolitike mu buryo bumaze gusobanurwa haruguru,

yakoreraga mu bushake bwa Se kugira ngo akize ubwoko bwe ingoyi y‟icyaha, n‟urupfu.

4.3.3 Itorero na politiki muri Afurika

Iyo uvuze politike muri Afurika muri iki gihe, abantu bahita batekereza ku mateka yabo :

ubukoloni, ikandamizwa, amashyaka ya politike n‟ihohoterwa riterwa ryayo, ishyaka rimwe,

ruswa no gutwaza igitugu. Imbere y‟ibyo bibi bya politike, abakristo benshi muri Afurika

birinda kwinjira muri politike, bityo no kugira icyo bakora muri sosiyete. Amatorero amwe

yahisemo kugarukiriza ivugabutumwa ku bya roho, gutanga amasakaramentu, n‟ibikorwa

by‟impuhwe. Iyo mikorere ni ikimenyetso cy‟intege nke, cyo kudasohoza inshingano zose,

ndetse no gutatira Ubutumwa bwiza bwa Yesu Kristo. Tukivuga uruhare rw‟abakristo

n‟Itorero muri rusange ryo muri Afurika muri politike, J.C. Jereke (J.C. Djéreke) avuga ibi

60

Kwame. B, Jésus en Afrique, Yaoundé, 2000, p. 221.

34

ICYUMWERU CYA KANE

bikurikira ku byerekeye umugani w‟umusamariya mwiza: “Umugani w‟umusamariya mwiza

utwigisha ko urukundo nyakuri ari politike, kuko tugomba kurenga ibikorwa by‟impuhwe

by‟umuntu ku giti cye, tukabonera ibisubizo birambye kandi bikomeye ibibazo bimunga

sosiyete zacu ».61

Igihe kirageze kugira ngo Itorero ryo muri Afurika rihamagarirwa kigira uruhare mu irema

rishya, ryunzwe n‟Imana n‟Umusaraba ryerekanire insinzi yawo mu buzima bwaryo muri

sosiyete rikoreramo, rihamye ko ryatangiye kwitandukanya n‟ubutegetsi butwaza abantu

igitugu aho rikorera.Ubwo nibwo guhindura ibintu k‟ubukristo kwakwigaragaza aho

imbaraga z‟umubiri zishingiye ku moko, ubusumbane muri sosiyete, umuco byari

byarigaruriye62

.

Turi mu gihe Itorero ryo muri Afurika rigomba kugira uruhare rukomeye mu Iterambere no

mu mibereho y‟abatuye uwo mugabane muri rusange. Ibyo ntibivuze ko Itorero rigiye

gukorera mu kwaha kw‟abanyapolitike ; ahubwo rikwiriye kuba urumuri n‟umunyu

by‟Afurika. Kugira uruhare muri Afurika mu izina ry‟Ubutumwa bwiza, nguwo umurimo wa

buri rugingo rw‟Itorero, umugabo n‟umugore, kugira ngo habeho gukumira ibyorezo bimunga

umugabane wacu.

Ibibazo

1. Ni iyihe sano iri hagati y‟uburyo Yesu abona politike n‟imiterere ya politike y‟ingoma

y‟Imana ?

2. Sobanura ukuntu dukurikije Ubutumwa bwanditswe na Luka, umurimo wa Yesu mu isi

wari mbere y‟ibindi uwo kuboneza imibereho y‟abaturage na politike

3. Ni iki gituma abakristo bamwe banga kugira uruhare muri politike za sosiyete yabo?

4. Wifashishije umugani w‟umusamaliya mwiza, erekana uko Itorero ryo muri Afurika

rigomba kugira uruhare muri politike muri iki gihe

61

J. Claude Djéreke, op. cit.,p. 21. 62

Kwame. B, op. cit., p.227

35

ICYUMWERU CYA GATANU

ISOMO RYA GATANU

5. UMUDENDEZO-IMPANO Y’IMANA Intego rusange :

Gusobanura isano iri hagati y‟agakiza, amategeko n‟umudendezo w‟abana b‟Imana


5.1 Umudendezo ushingiye ku mategeko y’Imana Intego igamijwe:

Gusobanura intego y‟amategeko nk‟impano y‟Imana

Ibice bisomwa:

Kuva 20: 1-17 Gutegeka kwa kabiri 30: 15-20 Matayo 5: 17-48

Marc 7: 1-16 Abaroma 1: 16-17; 3: 20-24 Abakolosayi 2: 20-23

5.1.1 Mu isezerano rya Kera inzira amategeko niyo aha icyerekezo inzira y’umudenzezo

Twibukiranye ko mu Isezerano rya Kera amategeko agamije ubuzima n‟imibanire myiza

y‟ubwoko bw‟Imana: “Mujye mugenda mu nzira yose Uwiteka Imana yanyu ibayoboye,

kugira ngo mubeho mubone ibyiza, muramire mu gihugu muzahindura”(Gutegeka kwa kabiri

5:33).

Amategeko cumi ni umubumbe w‟amategeko y‟Imana, ariko ntabereyeho gutsikamira abantu,

ahubwo ni mbere na mbera impano ubwoko bw‟Imana bwahawe ubwo bwavaga mu buretwa

bwo mu Egiputa. Ni impano yerekeza ubwoko bw‟Imana mu nzira y‟umudendezo, ica inzira

ituma ubwoko bw‟Imana bubaho mu mudendezo. Umuhanuzi Mika 6:8 yibuysa “ ibyo

Uwiteka ashaka ku bantu: gukora ibyo gukiranuka no gukunda kubabarira, no kugendana

n‟Imana yabo bicisha bugufi”.

Amategeko cumi, urufatiro rw‟andi mategeko yose muri isirayeli, atangirwa no kwibutsa

ubushake bw‟Imana, ni ukuvuga ubushake bw‟umudendezo: “Ndi Uwiteka Imana yawe

yagukuye mu gihugu cya Egiputa, mu nzu y‟uburetwa” (Kuva 20: 2). Amategeko abiri

akurikiraho agamije kugira ngo ubwoko bwa Isirayeli bubeho muri uwo mudendezo

bwahawe.

Amategeko cumi ari mu bice bibiri, hari areba umuntu n‟Imana, n‟areba umuntu na mugenzi

we, kuko gukunda Imana bisobanura no gukunda mugenzi wawe. Bityo, amategeko aboneza

iby‟amateraniro, imibanire y‟urukundo n‟ubutabera hagati y‟abantu ubwabo, cyane cyane

imibanire irengera abakene, abapfakazi, impfubyi n‟impunzi. Abahanuzi ntibahwemye

kwibutsa ubwoko bw‟Imana n‟abayobozi ba Isirayeli kuguma mu mategeko y‟Imana kugira

ngo bubeho mu mudendezo uturuka mu bumwe n‟Imana.

Amategeko ageza abantu ku mudendezo nyawo, ariko na none arabarinda kandi akabayobora

ku mibereho mishya. Abigisha gukora ibyiza. Impano y‟amategeko ni ubuntu bubohora,

buhamagarira abatu kubaha, kandi uko kubaha nako ni ubuntu. Kuva ubu, kugira ngo habeho

guhinduka no gukura by‟ukuri, abantu ntibakeneye kubeshya, kwiba, kwifuza

36


iby‟abandi, kwica, gusenga ibigirwamana, n‟ibindi bisa bityo. Uwiteka arabahagije. Bityo,

amategeko y‟Abisirayeli n‟amateka y‟agakiza ni bimwe, ntibitandukanye63

.

5.1.2 Umudendezo w’abana b’Imana mu Isezerano Rishya

Yesu yabayeho mu bumwe no mu bushake bw‟Imana, ni ukuvuga mu nzira y‟amategeko

yahawe Isirayeli kugira ngo ishobore kugendana n‟Imana. Nicyo cyatumye avuga ati:

“Mwitekereza ko nazanywe no gukuraho amategeko cyangwa ibyahanuwe. Sinaje

kubikuraho, ahubwo naje kubisohoza” (Matayo 5:17). Yesu azi ko amategeko ari meza, ko

ariyo atuma tuba mu bumwe n‟Imana, mu mudendezo. Yesu ntabwo arwanya amategeko,

icyo atemera ni ukuyakoresha nabi.

Umusaraba no kuzuka bikingura inzira nshya y‟umudendezo, kuko Yesu yatangije Isezerano

Rishya ry‟Imana n‟abantu bose. Kuri ibyo Pawulo aravuga ati: “Ariko noneho hariho

gukiranuka kw‟Imana kwahishuwe kudaheshwa n‟amategeko n‟ibyahanuwe ari byo

biguhamya, ni ko gukiranuka kw‟Imana abizeye bose baheshwa no kwizera Yesu Kristo”

(Abaroma 3: 21-22). Amategeko afite umurimo wo kwigisha uyobora kuri Kristo, kugira ngo

dutsindishirizwe kubwo kwizera (Abagalatiya 3: 24). Bityo, gukurikiza cyangwa gusohoza

amategeko k‟uwizera ntabwo ari byo bihesha agakiza, ahubwo ni inkurikizi zabyo, kugira ngo

dutere intambwe mu nzira y‟Ubwami.

Intumwa Pawulo yari yarize cyane iby‟amatgeko, ishimangira byimazeyo iby‟umudendezo

w‟abana b‟Imana ushingiye kuri Yesu Kristo. Abivuga muri aya magambo: “Ubwo Kristo

yatubaturiye kuba ab‟umudendezo, nuko muhagarare mushikamye, mutacyongera kubohwa

n‟ububata”(Abagalatiya 5:1).Umukristo ahora ashaka kwitiranya agakiza k‟ubuntu

kabonerwa muri Yesu Kristo n‟imirimo ahanini idashoboka. Nicyo gituma Pawulo atanga

inama yo kugerageza gusobanukirwa neza icyo amategeko avuga: “Nuko rero niba

mwarapfanye na Kristo, mukaba mwarapfuye ku migenzereze ya mbere y‟iby‟isi, ni iki gituma

mwemera kuyoboka amategeko y‟imihango nk‟aho mukiri ab‟isi? (ngo ntugafateho,

ntugasogongereho, ntugakoreho, kandi ibyo byose biba biheze iyo biriwe), mugakurikiza

amategeko n‟inyigisho by‟abantu? Ni koko ibyo bisa n‟aho ari iby‟ubwenge kugira ngo

abantu bihimbire uburyo bwo gusenga, bigire nk‟abicisha bugufi, bigomwe iby‟umubiri.

Nyamara nta mumaro bigira na hato wo kurwanya irari ry‟umubiri” (Abakolosayi 2: 20-23).

Icyakora uwo mudendezo utandukanye n‟akavuyo cyangwa kwishyira hejuru: “Bene Data,

mwahamagariwe umudendezo, ariko umudendezo wanyu ntimukawugire urwitwazo rwo

gukurikiza ibya kamere, ahubwo mukorerane mu rukundo” (Abagalatiya 5: 13)”.

Gusimbuza amategeko umurimo w‟agakiza k‟ubuntu wa Kristo, kimwe no kwitwaza ako

agakiza ntihabeho kwihana, kwiha Imana na bagenzi bacu ni akaga. Ahubwo Yesu agaragaza

imyumvire mishya y‟amategeko, ariyo J.J. Voni Alumeni (J.J Von Allmen) agarukaho muri

aya magambo: “icyaha si ugukora ibinyuranye n‟amategeko gusa, ahubwo ni no kutihana no

kutagira urukundo”64

.

Ku byerekeye Ubwami bw‟Imana, umufarisayo w‟igihe cyose, ni ukuvuga umunyamategeko,

akora ikosa rimwe n‟iry‟utekereza guhabwa ubwenegihugu bw‟igihugu ashingiye gusa ku

kuba yarihatiye gukurikiza amategeko yacyo. Kwihana, kwiyanga (kutihugiraho ngo wigizeyo

abandi), nibyo byonyine bihesha ubwo bwenegihugu.

63

Cf. A.-R. KAYAYAN, Le décalogue, Edition Perspectives Réformées, 1993, p. 11. 64

Ibidem.

37


Ibibazo

1. Ni akahe kamaro k‟amategeko cumi n‟andi mategeko akubiye mu bitabo bitanu

bibanza bya Bibiliya?

2. Ibice bibiri amategeko cumi abumbiyemo bisobanura iki?

3. Sobanura umudendezo muri Yesu Kristo imbere y‟amategeko agomba kubahwa?

4. Kuki gukurikiza amategeko umuntu adasobanukiwe bishobora kumukururira akaga?

38



5.2 Amategeko mu Itorero ryo muri Afurika Intego igamijwe:

Kugaragaza igisobanuro cy‟amategeko mu Itorero ryo muri Afurika n‟inkurikizi zacyo

Ibice bisomwa:

Abalewi 11: 1-47 Gutegeka kwa kabiri 22: 5-12 Abacamanza 13: 2-7

Yesaya 58: 1-14 Matayo 6: 1-18; 23 1 Abakorinto 8: 1-13

5.2.1 Kugengwa n’amategeko mu Itorero ryo muri Afurika

Kugengwa n‟amategeko ni ukubaha amabwiriza ajyanye n‟imyifatire no kuyafata nk‟ishingiro

ry‟agakiza cyangwa ryo kwemerwa mu muryango w‟abizera. Isura y‟amategeko mu Itorero

usanga ari imwe n‟iya abafarisayo b‟idini ya kiyahudi bo ku gihe cya Yesu. Nicyo gituma

Yesu yahoraga ajya impaka z‟iby‟amategeko n‟abafarisayo. Yesu aburira abigishwa be,

yarababwiye ati: “Abanditsi n‟Abafarisayo bicaye ku ntebe ya Mose. Nuko rero ibyo

bababwira byose mubikore mubiziririze, ariko imigenzo yabo mwe kuyikurikiza kuko ibyo

bavuga atari byo bakora. Bahambira imitwaro iremereye idaterurwa bakayihekesha abantu

ku ntugu, ariko ubwabo ntibemere kuba bayikozaho n‟urutoki rwabo” (Matayo 23: 2-4).

Kugengwa n‟amategeko mu Itorero biriho kuva mu gihe cy‟Itorero rya mbere. Kugira ngo

iryo Torero ribumbatire ubusugire bwaryo, abakristo baturuka mu idini ya kiyahudi

bashakaga ko n‟abanyamahanga biyeguriye Kristo bagendera ku mategeko ya Mose no ku

mihango y‟idini yabo. 65

Ibyo byatumye Inteko nkuru ya mbere yabereye i Yerusalemu

ishakira igisubizo ikibazo cy‟impaka zari zishingiye ku mategeko no kugengwa n‟umundezo

muri Yesu Kristo (Ibyakozwe n‟Intumwa 15).

Mu kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza muri Afurika mu binyejana bya 19 na 20, ba misiyoneri

bashinze misiyoni za gikristo babanje gukuraho ibijyanye n‟imyemerere byose byariho

bishingiye ku muco, no ku myifatire. Intego yabo yari icyo bise “ubupagani” mu izina

ry‟umuco w‟ibihugu by‟i Burayi n‟iry‟ubutumwa bwiza.66

Nicyo cyatumye kubwiriza

ubutumwa bwiza byitiranywa no gukuraho ibyo bise “ibikorwa bya gipagani”, kugira ngo

umuntu yemerwe nk‟urugingo rw‟Itorero. Ibyo bikorwa nu ukugira abagore barenze umwe,

guterekera abakurambere, umuhango wo kubandwa n‟uwo gushyingura abapfuye n‟iyindi.

Ubundi buryo bwo kugengwa n‟amategeko, bushingiye ku gusobanura Bibiliya nabi dusanga

mu Matorero menshi ni: kubahiriza isabato, kutanywa inzoga no kutarya ibintu bimwe na

bimwe, imyambarire, imisatsi, n‟ibindi. Izo nyigisho zamaze gushinga imizi mu Matorero ya

gikristo ku buryo ubuzima bwa gikristo bwahinduwe ugukuriziza umuhango uyu n‟uyu

hakurikijwe Ibyo Itorero runaka rishyira imbere.

65

Cf. F. Rwagacuzi, „l‟Eglise face au légalisme‟, in Isangano, théologie au carrefour n°1, FTPB, 1991, p. 69. 66

Kä Mana, Foi chrétienne, crise africaine et reconstruction des Eglise de l‟Afrique, Nairobi, Loué, Jaouen,

1991, p. 39.

39


F. Rwagacuzi yerekana ko nta hantu na hamwe muri Bibiliya, cyane cyane mu Isezerano

Rishya dusanga amategeko runaka agomba gufatwa nk‟amahame ku bakristo bose kandi

b‟ibihe byose.67

Imana iduhamagara ku bw‟ubuntu bwa Kristo (Abagalatiya 1: 6). Ubutumwa

bwiza bugaragaza Yesu nk‟inzira, ukuri, n‟ubugingo (Yohana 14:6) ndetse no kumukurikira.

Imibereho ya gikristo ntigomba kwitiranywa n‟imihango n‟amategeko arebana n‟imyifatire.

Kuko ibyo bitera kwihyira hejuru, gucira abandi imanza, kumva ko hari icyo umuntu

yakwigezaho.Ihame nyaryo ryo kwigisha abantu ni urugero rwa kristo. Itegeko ryo mu

Isezerano rya Kera ribumbiye muri aya magambo: “Nuko rero ukundishe Uwiteka Imana

yawe umutima wawe wose, n‟ubugingo bwawe bwose, n‟ubwenge bwawe bwose, n‟imbaraga

zawe zose kandi ukunde mugenzi wawe nk‟uko wikunda” (Mariko 12: 29-31).

5.2.2 Ingorane zo kugengwa n’amategeko

Ingorane zo kugengwa n‟amategeko zashyirwa mu bice bibiri bikuru, izo mu buryo bwa

tewolojiya n‟ubw‟imibanire.

a) Ingorane zo mu buryo bwa tewolojiya

Kugrengwa n‟amategeko binyuranye n‟ubutumwa bwiza. Inyigisho zishingiye ku kugengwa

n‟amategeke ni umurimo w‟umwanzi, ushaka kudindiza umuntu kumuheza ku mudendezo

w‟agakiza kabonerwa muri Yesu Krsto. Kwishingikiriza ku mategeko, ni ugukoreshwa na

kamere, kwibwira ko agakiza gakeshwa imirimo. Ibyo rero binyuranye n‟ukuri, kuko agakiza

ni impano y‟Imana muri Yesu Kristo. Gukoreshwa n‟urukundo, kugira imyifatire y‟umwana

w‟Imana ni inkurikizi zo kuva mu bubata bw‟icyaha ku bw‟igikorwa cyo gukiza cya Yesu

Kristo. Ni imbuto z‟Umwuka mu mibereho y‟abizera. Ibyo biratwereka ko gutwarwa

n‟amategeko bidashingiye kuri Bibiliya.

b) Ingorane mu buryo bw’imibanire

Gutwarwa n‟amategeko ni intandaro yo kwibona no gucira abandi imanza. Ibyo bifite

ingaruka zo kwirema ibice n‟amakimbirane mu Matorero. Kubaka ku mategeko, bidindiza

imikurire y‟Itorero.Bica umubiri wa Kristo mo ibice, kandi bigatera ubukene mu by‟umwuka.

Iyo bitinze, bihanganisha abantu, bigakurura akavuyo no gusebanya muri sosiyete.

Ibibazo

1. Ni iyihe nkomoko yo kugengwa n‟amategeko mu Itorero?

2. Yesu avuga iki ku gutwarwa n‟amategeko?

3. Ni akahe kaga gushaka kugengwa n‟amategeko kw‟Itorero ryo muri Afurika bifite

kuri ryo no kuri sosiyete rikoreramo?

67

F. Rwagacuzi, op.cit., p.72.

40



5.3 Umudendezo w’umukristo muri Afurika

Intego igamijwe:

Kwerekana umwanya wo kwizera, ibyiringiro n‟urukundo nk‟ishingiro n‟inshingano bya

gikristo mu by‟ubugingo mu kubaka Itorero ryo muri Afurika

Ibice bisomwa:

Itangiriro 12: 1-15 Kuva 14: 1-29 Zaburi 124: 1-8

Yesaya 5: 1-7 Luka 20: 9-18 1 Abakorinto 13: 1-13

5.3.1 Ubugingo bw’umukristo muri Afurika

Muri Afurika aho ivugabutumwa ryitiranijwe no kwitandukanya n‟iby‟umuco byose, aho

gutwarwa n‟amategeko byahinduwe ihame mu Itorero, tutibagiwe n‟ikibazo cy‟ubukene

kirushaho gukara, iby‟ubugingo bw‟abakristo ari uruhurirane rw‟imyemerere n‟imihango

akenshi na kenshi usanga bidafitanye isano n‟Ubutumwa buzima bwa Yesu Kristo. Andereya

Kayizari yagerageje kugaragaza isura y‟iby‟ubugingo mu Matorero yo mu Rwanda,

bigaragarira mu kwicamo ibice kandi ni nako bimeze no mu bindi bihugu by‟Afurika. « Kuva

kera, abakristo bacu bafite umudendezo wo kuva mu Itorero rimwe bakajya mu rindi.

Impamvu ni iz‟umuntu ku giti cye, aho kuba iz‟Itorero runaka, kuko iyo umuntu agiranye

ikibazo n‟umuyobozi, iyo asabwe kugira ibintu bimwe yubahiriza, ava muri iryo Itorero

akajya mu rindi. Hari abandi bakristo bibumbira mu matsinda yigenga y‟abanyamasengesho,

mu mazu cyangwa ku misozi. Hari n‟amatsinda amwe yiha uburenganzira bwo gukora ibyo

Amatorero ubwayo yemererwa gukora, nko gushyingira, kubatiza n‟ibindi »68

.

Ayo matsinda arangwa no gutsimbarara ku mategeko gukabije no kurwanya imyifatire

y‟Amatorero ariho. Dore bumwe mu buhamya bw‟abayagize : « Kuri twebwe, abasohotse,

turasenga, duteranira mu mazu cyangwa ku gasozi, tubatiza abayoboke bacu mu mazi menshi

kandi mi izina rya Yesu Kristo wenyine, kuko Imana ntigabanyijemo gatatu. Ubuzima bwacu

ni ubw‟abera, tugerageza kwirinda iby‟isi dusenga ubudasiba hafi ijoro ryose, twiyiriza

ubusa akenshi na kenshi kumara iminsi ibiri cyangwa itatu buri cyumweru. Ntitunywa itabi,

ntitunywa ibisindisha. Umurimo wacu umwe rukumbi muri iyi si irimbuka ni ukubwiriza

ubutumwa. Dukomezanyisha gusurana, ibiganiro, indirimbo, amanama, n‟udutabo

tw‟inyigisho. Igihe cyau cyose, amafaranga yacu yose, imbaraga zacu zose, ni aho

tubyerekeza. Kuki mu by‟ukuri twajya mu byo kubaka amazu, kandi kugaruka kwa Yesu

kwegereje ? »69

Ayo magambo y‟uwo muntu umwe wo mu basohoka arerekana ukuntu bamwe

mu bakristo bo muri Afurika batekereza. Ibyo bituma n‟imbaraga z‟Itorero zidashyirwa mu

ntego eshanu zikuza Itorero Rike Wareni (Rick Warren) yashyize ahagaragara : guhimbaza

Imana, Gufasha abandi, Ivugabutumwa, Gusabana no kwigisha.70

Aho gukora ibyo, usanga

Itorero ridindizwa no guhora mu nama zitagira icyo zigeraho, mu gihe ubukene, indwara,

inzangano byugarije abaturage n‟abagize Itorero.

68

A. Kayizari, op.cit., pp. 89-101. 69

Op.cit., p.96. 70

Cf. R. Warren, The purpose driven church.

41


Mu masomo abanziriza iri, twabonye ko intumbero Bibiliya ifitiye isi ishingiye ku irema, no

gucungurwa. Buri mukristo yagombye gushingira ukwizera kwe ku murimo Imana yakoreye

muri Yesu Kristo no ku mibereho mishya muri iyi si.

5.3.2 Ukwizera, ibyiringiro n’urukundo

« Ariko noneho hagumyeho kwizera n‟ibyiringiro n‟urukundo”(1 Abakorinto 13: 13). Imbere

y‟ibibazo bifitanye isano no gutwarwa n‟amategeko, Ubutumwa bwiza bugaragaza ko

ubuzima bushya muri Kristo Yesu buri mwizera wese ahamagarirwa guharanira. Kwizera

kwacu gukwiriye kugaragarira mu mibereho no mu mikorere byacu hano mu isi. Nibyo

twavuzeho mu isomo rya mbere ryerekeranye n‟ ibyiringiro ndetse n‟inshingano

by‟umukristo mu isi.

a) Kwizera

Kwizera kwa gikristo ni umutima nama wo kuba hamwe n‟Imana mu mibereho no mu mirimo

by‟umwizera by‟igihe cyose.Uko kuba kumwe n‟Imana muri Yesu Kristo ni ubwishingizi

budushoboze kunesha ubwoba, gushidikanya, ariko kandi binaturinda ikintu cyose cyashaka

gutera umuntu kwishyira hejuru. Muri Afurika muri iki gihe, kwizera Imana ni urufatiro

rw‟ukuri kandi rukomeye. Uko kwizera kuduhesha agaciro, kudutera ishyaka kugira ngo

tugire uruhare mu gutegura ejo hazaza hacu. Kunesha ikintu cyose cyashaka kudindiza

umuntu, kumukandamiza, kumukenesha no kumuhuma amaso byagiye biranga Afurika kuva

kera. Kubwo kwizera, Yesu arabwira Itorero na sosiyete byo muri Afurika ati “Byuka

ugende” (Luka 5: 24).

Mu rwego rwo gushimangira isano iri hagati yo kwizera n‟imyifatire, uwitwa Fabiyani

Uwamba (Fabien Ouamba) yanditse aya magambo: “Ukwizera gutera, kurema, kubyutsa

kandi guherekeza imyifatire. Niyo mpamvu Imana ikiza, y‟isezerano iha amategeko yayo

abazirikana kandi bakemera umurimo wayo wo gucungura kandi bakagira ibyiringiro

by‟igihe kizaza. Gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko ni igisubizo kigaragaza ukwizera Imana

itambutsa ubwoko bwayo ububata kugira ngo bukorere mu mudendezo. Imikorere y‟Uwizera

ishingira ku mibanire ye n‟Imana ivuga iti: “Ndi Uwiteka Imana yawe yagukuye mu gihugu

cya Egiputa, mu nzu y‟uburetwa. Ntukagire izindi Mana mu maso yanjye”Kuva 20: 2-3).

b) Ibyiringiro

Nta byiringiro, umuntu ntiyashobora guhangana n‟ibibazo duhura nabyo. Mu nyandiko ivuga

iby‟Ubutumwa bw‟Ubwami n‟ibyiringiro by‟iyi si, Diki Wisiterikampu (Dick Westerkamp)

agira ati: “Bishoboka koAfurika igeze igihe cyo kwiyemeza. Umubare munini w‟abayituye ni

abakristo. Ariko kwizera kwabo gukwiriye kubatera kwibaza niba bagomba gushakisha

iterambere rya sosiyete yabo cyangwa guhunga ibibazo n‟inshingano by‟imibereho ijyanye

n‟igihe cya none.71

Ntabwo twakwihebeshwa n‟uko Afurika igenda isa no mu muriro nk‟uko

Yohani Kalawudiyani Jereke (Jean Claude Djeréke) abivuga.72

Ubwishingizi bwacu muri Yesu Kristo wapfuye akazuka bushingiye ku gucungurwa muri we.

N‟ubwo hariho ibyaha, kugoreka ibintu n‟imibabaro bigaragarira mu mateka y‟abantu,

iterambere ry‟ibyo Imana yateganyije mu byo yaremye ryarakomeje. Biragaragara ko Bibiliya

itangirana n‟ubusitani (Itangiriro 2) ikarangirana n‟umurwa (Ibyahishuwe 21). Ni ukuvuga ko

71

F. Ouamba, Introduction à la théologie systématique, vol 2, Ethique, pp. 12-13. 72

D. Westerkamp in Isangano n°2, p. 45.

42


Ikiremwa muntu gifite uruhare mu gusohoza Ubwami bw‟Imana.

c) Urukundo

Nk‟uko bigaragarira mu ndirimbo y‟urukundo yo muri 1 Abakorinto 13, urukundo rwa

gikristo rwo hambere ni ukuvuga mu sezerano rya Kera ni umurimo ufatika, si

amarangamutima cyangwa icy‟umutima wifuza.73

Ni umugambi uturutse ku bushake, wo

kubaha w‟ubuzima, umugambi w‟Imana yo yabanje gukunda isi. Kugaragaza urukundo rwa

gikristo muri iki gihe muri Afurika ni uguharanira kurandura ubukene, gushaka uburyo bwo

kwivuza, ubwiyunge bw‟abatuye ibihugu, kwiga kwa‟abana bose n‟ibindi bikorwa bigamije

ubuzima n‟ubugingo bisesuye muri Afurika (Yohana 10: 10b). Ni ukugira uruhare mu

miyoborere no mu mibanire kugira ngo abatuye Afurika bashimire gutura muri uwo

mugabane.

Ibibazo

1. Ni iyihe sano ugutwarwa n‟amategeko bifitanye n‟iby‟ubugingo mu Matorero yo

muri Afurika?

2. Erekana ukuntu umugambi Imana ifitiye isi ushobora guhindura imyemerere

n‟inshingano by‟Itorero muri Afurika?

3. Erekana ukuntu ukwizera, ibyiringiro n‟urukundo bijyana n‟ubuzima busesuye (cyangwa

iterambere ryuzuye) bw‟Afurika muri iki gihe cya none.

73

J.J Von Allmen, op. cit., p. 16.

43

ICYUMWERU CYA GATANDATU

ISOMO RYA GATANDATU

6. UMUKRISTO, UMUYOBOZI W’IBYAREMWE

Intego rusange:

Kwerekana ko umukristo afite inshingano yo gucunga no kubungabunga ibyaremwe


6.1 Icyo Bibiliya ivuga ku byaremwe Intego igamijwe:

Kwerekana icyo Bibiliya ivuga ku Mana Rurema n‟umwanya w‟irema mu mateka y‟agakiza

Ibice bisomwa:

Itangiriro 1: 1-31 Yobu 38: 1-41 Yesaya 43: 1-8

Yona 2: 1-11 Yohana 2: 1-11 Ibyakozwe n‟Intumwa 17: 22-31

Abakolosayi 1: 12-20 Ibyahishuwe 21: 1-8

6.1.1 Ubuzima buva ku Mana

Bibiliya ivuga irema mu byiciro bibiri kandi mu bihe bitandukanye: Itangiriro 1:2-2:3

n‟Itangiriro 2: 4-12. Itandukaniro ry‟ibyo bice byombi ntirishingiye gusa ku migendekere

y‟irema ahubwo ni no ku bindi bintu by‟ingenzi74

.

Dukurikije inkuru ya mbere, irema ribaho isi yari nk‟inyanja idafite aho ihera n‟aho irangirira,

itwikiriwe n‟umwijima, imeze nk‟ubusa busa. Nta tandukaniro ryari hagati y‟isi, amazi,

umunsi n‟ijoro. Kurema kw‟Imana ni ko kwatumye ubuzima bushoboka ku isi. Muri iyi

nkuru, urufatiro rw‟ubuzima ku isi rurafututse: kuva ku iremwa ry‟umucyo (umurongo wa 3-

5) kugeza kury‟umuntu (umurongo wa 26-28), hari itandukanywa ry‟ibintu rigaragazwa

n‟isanzure (umurongo wa 6-8), amazi n‟ubutaka (umurongo wa 9-10). Ubuzima bumaze

gushoboka, habayeho iremwa ry‟ibinyabuzima, ibimera (umurongo wa 11-13), ibiva: izuba,

ukwezi, inyenyeri (umurongo wa 14-19), umuntu (umurongo wa 20-25).

Mu nkuru ya kabiri, irema rihera ku butayu, ahantu humagaye, h‟agasi.

6.1.2 Umuntu yaremwe mu ishusho y’Imana

Irema ryashojwe no kurema umuntu, ari nawe ibyamubanjirije byaremewe75

. J.J Voni

Alumeni (J.J. Von Allmen) avuga ko intego yo gukoresha umuvugwa wa mbere w‟ubwinshi

igihe cyo kurema umuntu (Tureme umuntu agire ishusho yacu) ari ugushimangira ko mu

kurema umuntu, umwuzuro w‟irema, Rurema yashatse kugaragaza umwihariko. Ishusho

cyangwa gusa n‟Imana ntibivuga isura y‟inyuma, ahubwo ni n‟ umuhamagaro w‟umuntu wo

gusa n‟Iyamuremye mu murimo wayo w‟irema hagamijwe ubuzima. Muri uwo murimo,

74

J.J. Von Allmen, op.cit., p. 54. 75

Op. cit., p. 55.

44


umuntu yahawe umugisha n‟Imana. Ubuzima bw‟umuntu buva ku Mana, nicyo gituma,

agomba kuberaho no gukorera Imana. Ni ngombwa gushimangira ko iyi nkuru ivuga irema

rishingiye ku Mana. Nta kintu na kimwe kitabeshwaho nayo. Niyo yatunganije isi kugira ngo

iturwe, ubuzima bushoboke kuri yo.

Inkuru Ya kabiri ni ukuvuga Itangiriro 2: 4-7, n‟ubwo itandukanye n‟iya mbere (Itangiriro 1:

2-2,3) nayo igaragaza ko Imana ari yo shingiro ry‟ubuzima ku isi. Imana itemesha amazi mu

butayu, ahatari hasanzwe ubuzima kugira ngo aneteshe ubutaka (Itangiriro 2: 10). Irema

umuntu ikoresheje ibumba, imuhumekera mu mazuru umwaka wayo imuhindura umuntu

muzima.

Icy‟ingenzi cyo kuzirikana muri izi nkuru ni uko isi yaremwe n‟Imana kandi ko ari yo igenga

ubuzima. Bityo ibyaremwe byose bibeshejweho n‟Imana. Ubuzima bw‟umuntu n‟ibikorwa

abikesha Imana, bugengwa n‟uburyo yubaha ndetse agasohoza umushyikirano we n‟Umwami

w‟ibyaremwe.

6.1.3 Umwanya w’irema mu mateka y’agakiza

N‟ubwo Bibiliya itangirwa n‟inkuru 2 z‟irema, ubwoko bw‟Imana bwinjizwa mu

mushyikirano nayo n‟igikorwa cy‟amateka cyo kibuvana mu Egiputa. M.Wungli Massaga

(W. Woungly- Massaga) avuga ko “Imirongo ibanza y‟Isezerano rya Kera igaragaza igitabo

cy‟Itangiriro nk‟igitabo cy‟amateka, amateka n‟Imana, kuva mbere na mbere”76

. Imana niyo

soko y‟ibintu byose, niyo igena umwanya wa buri kintu cyose kiri ku isi n‟igisobanuro

cyacyo, niyo yonyine igena amategeko abigenga.

Guhamya ko Imana ari yo yaremye byose, ko ari inkomoko y‟ibintu byose, n‟ubwo

yimenyekanishije ku gihe cya Mose, ni ishingiro ryo kwizera kwa Isirayeli, ni ukuvuga

kwishingikiriza ku Mana kudakuka, kwizera Imana imwe rukumbi. Ibyo iyo bihujwe no kuva

mu Egiputa, biba nk‟urufunguzo rw‟icyerekezo cy‟amateka. Kuko Imana ari imwe rukumbi,

niyo yariho mbere na mbere, niyo yaremye isi, itangiza iterambere ryayo, amateka

yayo.Petero Jizeli (Pierre Gisel) avuga ko ubumenyi mu by‟Imana bw‟irema bwatekererejwe

mbere na mbere muri Isirayeli haherewe ku byo ubwoko bw‟Imana bwari bwarabayemo

n‟amateka yabwo, bikubiye mu kuvanwa mu Egiputa. Dushingiye ku bitekerezo by‟abo

banditsi bombi, Twakwanzura ko ubumenyi mu by‟Imana ku irema muri Bibiliya buteganywa

kandi bugasobanurwa kaherewe ku gucungura ubwoko bwayo kw‟Imana. Icyo gikorwa cyo

kuvanwa mu Egiputa nicyo cyatumye ubwoko bw‟Imana buhamya muri aya magambo:

“Ariko noneho Uwiteka wakuremye wowe Yakobo, kandi akakubumba wowe Isirayeli,

aravuga ati “Witinya kuko nagucunguye, naguhamagaye mu izina ryawe uri uwanjye”

(Yesaya 43: 1).

Isezerano Rishya naryo rishingiye ku gikorwa cy‟amateka cyo gucungurishwa urupfu no

kuzuka bya Yesu Kristo. Dore icyo Petero Jizeli abivugaho “Uko niko tuzabona umunsi

abakristo bazavugaho uko bahinduye ibintu byose bishya mu mwana Yesu, wavutse, nk‟uko

byemezwa n‟inkuru ya mbere y‟irema yasohorejwe muri Yesu Kristo: ni ishusho y‟Imana

itaboneka, kuko muri we arimo byose byaremewe, ari ibyo mu ijuru cyangwa ibyo mu isi,

ibiboneka n‟ibitaboneka…. Niwe wabiremye byose, kandi rero ni nawe byaremewe”

(Abakolosayi 1:16). Ni nako biri mu Butumwa bwanditswe na Yohana

76

E. M. Woungly-Massaga, op.cit., pp. 22 et 24.

45


“Mbere na mbere hariho Jambo, Jambo uwo yahoranye n‟Imana kandi Jambo yari Imana.

Uwo yahoranye n‟Imana mbere na mbere. Ibintu byose ni we wabiremye, ndetse mu

byaremwe byose nta na kimwe kitaremwe na we” (Yohana 1: 1-2)77

.

Irema riri mu mugambi w‟amateka y‟agakiza nk‟uko Imana yakomeje kugigaragariza mu

bikorwa byayo. Agakiza gafitanye isano n‟irema rya mbere kandi kagamije ivugururwa

ry‟ibyaremwe uko amateka agenda akurikirana78

.Uwitwa Diki Wesiterkampu (Dick

Westerkamp) yibutsa ko: “Isi yose yaremwe n‟Imana kandi ibyaremwe byose byari byiza.

Nyuma icyaha cyaje kwanduza buri cyaremwe cyose. Ibyo gituma gucungura kwa Yesu

Kristo nako kugera kuri buri kintu cyose. Uwo niwo mugambi wuzuye wa Bibiliya. Agakiza ni

ak‟ibyaremwe byose”79

.

Ibibazo

1. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y‟irema rivugwa mu gitabo cy‟Itangiriro 1:2-2:3 na 2: 4-

17?

2. Ni uwuhe mwanya umuntu afite mu byaremwe dukurikije Bibiliya?

3. Bibiliya ivuga iki ku isano hagati y‟Imana n‟ibyo yaremye?

4. Irema riboneka rite mu mateka rusange y‟agakiza?

77

P. Gisel, La création, Genève, 1987, p.92. 78

Op.cit., p. 7. 79

D. Westerkamp, op.cit, p. 43.

46



6.2 Umuco, Iterambere n’Irema Intego igamijwe:

Kugaragaza isano iri hagati y‟irema, umuco n‟iterambere dukurikije Bibiliya

Ibice bisomwa:

Itangiriro 2: 15-17; 3: 1-24 Itangiriro 11: 1-11 Kuva 36: 1-13

Imigani 31: 10-31 Yohana 17: 1-26 2 Abakorinto 5: 11-21

Yakobo 5: 1-11 Ibyahishuwe 3: 14-22

6.2.1 Isano hagati y’irema n’umuco

Nk‟uko twabibonye, umurimo w‟irema ry‟Imana ni isoko y‟ubuzima ku isi, kandi weguriwe

umuntu. Iyo nshingano iboneka mu gitabo cy‟Itangiriro 1: 28 “Imana ibaha umugisha, Imana

irababwira iti „Mwororoke mugwire, mwuzure isi, mwimenyereze ibiyirimo, mutware amafi

yo mu nyanja, n‟inyoni n‟ibisiga byo mu kirere, n‟ibindi byose bifite ubugingo byigenza ku

isi.‟”Kandi mu gice cya 2: 15 “Uwiteka Imana ijyana wa muntu, imushyira muri iyo ngobyi yo

muri Edeni, ngo ahingire ibirimo, ayirinde”. Inshingano y‟umuntu mu byaremwe ikubiye

muri aya magambo: “gutwara”, “gutegeka”, “guhingira”, “kurinda”. Ibyo Imana yaremye

yabishinze umuntu, ariko nawe agengwa n‟ubushake bw‟Imana. Icyakora umugambi wa

mbere Imana yari ifitiye ibyo yaremwe wabangamiwe n‟icyaha, kuko umuntu atashoboye

gusohoza inshingano ze. Kubw‟uruhare rukiza rw‟Imana, umugambi wayo wa mbere waje

ntiwigeze uhagarara, warakomeje, umuntu yongera kwibutwa inshingano ye.

Ijambo “umuco”, ryerekana uburyo umuntu akora n‟intambwe atera atunganya ibyo ashinzwe

mu nzego zitandukanye: ubukungu, ubuzima busanzwe, imibanire, ubumenyi, idini n‟ibindi.

Rikubiyemo uburyo umuntu asohoza inshingano Imana yamuhaye mu byaremwe byayo. Diki

Wesiterikampu avuga ko ikoresheje ijambo ryayo ry‟ubutware, Imana yaremye isi yuzuyemo

ibintu byinshi byo kuvumbura. Mbere na mbere yahaye umuntu inshingano ijyana n‟umuco

wa kimuntu (Itangiriro 1: 28), inshingano itigeze imwambura na nyuma y‟uko akoze icyaha80

.

Umurimo w‟umuntu ni uwo kurinda no guteza imbere ibyaremwe, akurikije amategeko

y‟Imana (Itangiriro 2:15). Ibyaremwe byubaha amategeko Imana yaremesheje isi kandi

ikomeje kuyibungabungisha. Ariko mu rwego rw‟umuco, umuntu niwe ucunga, uhagarariye

Imana ku isi, uyobora kandi agatunganya iby‟isi. Iyo nshingano iba ishohojwe iyo umuntu

yubahirije gahunda y‟ibyo Imana yaremye kuva mbere na mbere. Imana itanga gahunda,

icyerekezo cy‟ibintu, umuntu agahamagarirwa kubibyaza umusaruro, kubyongera, kubirinda,

kubicunga.

Umuco w‟isi ugomba gushingira kuri gahunda y‟ibyo Imana yaremye. Iyo umuntu akurikije

ubushake bw‟Imana, ashyira imbere umuco ugamije ubuzima busesuye ku isi kandi

agakomeza umurimo w‟Imana wo kurema. Haba mu by‟ubukungu, ibya politike,

iby‟imibanire, iby‟ubumenyi, iby‟ubucamanza, iby‟idini, umuntu ahamagariwe guharanira

80

Op. cit., pp. 40-41.

47


amategeko agenga igikorwa runaka cy‟umuco. Buri muco wose ugomba gusuzumishwa

gahunda n‟icyerekezo by‟Imana bikubiye mu Byanditswe byera.

Nicyo gituma Ubutumwa bwiza, nk‟ishingiro ry‟imibereho y‟abakristo ari bwo bureberwamo

ibyo dukora buri munsi, aribwo buduha intumbero bukurikije umugambi Imana ifitiye isi

n‟ibyo yaremye. Umurimo wa Yesu ku isi werekana neza ugukurikiza umugambi ku

byaremwe kuva ku ikubitiro: “Ariko jyeweho nazanywe no kugira ngo zibone ubugingo,

ndetse ngo zibone bwinshi” (Yohana 10: 10b).

6.2.2 Isano hagati y’ibyaremwe n’Iterambere

Mu nyandiko Fawusitini Rwagacuzi yanditse, agaragaza ko iterambere rigamije ubuzima bwa

buri munsi hano ku isi ndetse n‟ubugingo Yesu atanga. Yerekana ko iterambere ari mbere na

mbere impinduka y‟igihe cyose mu by‟ubukungu, imibanire, politike, umuco n‟imyumvire81

.

Iterambere ry‟ukuri rigomba kuba iry‟umuntu wese, ni ukuvuga iry‟umubiri, roho

n‟imitekerereze.

Iterambere rigomba kujyana n‟imibereho myiza, ubutabera n‟amahoro mu bantu, ubufatanye,

guharanira uburenganzira bw‟ikiremwa muntu n‟ubw‟ibyaremwe byose. Biragaragara rero ko

iterambere rigamije kubungabunga ubuzima, imibereho izira umuze, ku mubiri, mu kubana

n‟abandi, mu bitekerezo, mu bukungu, ibyo byose ku byaremwe byose muri rusange, no ku

muntu by‟umwihariko. Bityo iterambere dukwiriye kuryumva nko kwita ku busugire bw‟ibyo

Imana yaremye. Inshingano y‟umuntu yo guhingira no kurinda ibyaremwe ihwanye n‟icyo

twita muri iki gihe iterambere. Iterambere rigeza ku munezero ugaragazwa n‟uko ubuzima

buteye. Iterambere, kujya mbere kw‟ibibereho myiza ni amagambo asobanura mu buryo

bufatika umugambi w‟Imana w‟ubugingo bwinshi82

.

Iterambere ry‟umuntu ridaherekejwe no kubungabunga ibyaremwe byose ni iterambere

rituzuye, rishobora kugira ibyo ryangiza. Ibyo Samweli Zowe Obiyanga (Samuel Zoe-

Obianga) abisobanura muri aya magambo “ibikorwa by‟umuntu bigomba kuzana impinduka

mu buzima. Umuntu, nk‟ikiremwa kiyobora ibindi, akeneye kumenya neza no gusobanukirwa

imiterere n‟imikorere y‟ibimukikije. Ubwo bumenyi ari nabwo bugomba kugenga ibikorwa

by‟umuntu nibwo bugomba kuba ubugeza ku munezero nyakuri. Bugomba guhindura umuntu

uwuzuye, kuko iterambere nyaryo ni irye n‟iry‟ibimukikije byose”83

. Iterambere ritita ku

bidukikije si iterambere.

Ku mukristo, ibikorwa by‟iterambere bigamije gusohoza inshingano Imana yamuhaye mu byo

yaremye. Amatsinda yo mu Matorero amwe yo muri Afurika arwanya iby‟iterambere nta

mpamvu zishingiye kuri Bibiliya ashobora kubona, uretse gushingira kuri Filozofiya

y‟abagiriki ivuga ko iby‟umubiri bitandukanye n‟iby‟ubugingo84

. Anyuranya n‟umugambi

w‟Imana ku byo yaremye n‟inshingano yo guteza imbere ibyaremwe umuntu yahawe.

81

F. Rwagacuzi, op.cit., p.5. 82

J. Samuel Zoe-Obianga, in Introduction à la théologie systèmatique, op.cit., p.107. 83

Ibidem. 84

TH. Gatwa, in Introduction à la théologie systèmatique, op.cit., p. 22.

48


Ibibazo

1. Mbese hari icyo Bibiliya ivuga ku iterambere? Sobanura igisubizo cyawe.

2. Ni izihe ngorane z‟iterambere ry‟umuntu ritita ku byareremwe byose?

3. Kuki usanga abakristo bamwe bo muri Afurika batitabira ibikorwa by‟iterambere?

49



6.3 Inshingano y’umukristo ku byaremwe muri Afurika Intego igamijwe:

Gusobanura uruhare umukristo w‟umunyafurika agomba kugira kugira ngo aho atuye habe

ubuzima n‟ubugingo bisesuye, inshingano ze ku byaremwe no ku iterambere

Ibice bisomwa:

Itangiriro 6: 1-7: 6 Gutegeka kwa kabiri 28: 1-14 Zaburi 8: 1-10

Mariko 10: 17-31 Ibyakozwe n‟Intumwa 2: 42-47 1 Abakorinto 8: 1-24

1 Petero 2: 11-25

6.3.1 Ubuzima n’ubugingo busesuye muri Afurika

Twabonye ko irema muri Bibiliya ari urufatiro rw‟iterambere ryuzuye muri sosiyete. Afurika

yo mu gihe cya none igwiriyemo ubukene, inzangano zishingiye ku mico, icyorezo cya Sida,

ruswa, ikandamizwa rya bamwe, ku buryo ubuzima n‟ubugingo busesuye buvugwa, nta

buhagaragara. Icyakora muri iyi myaka ya nyuma, inama nyinshi mpuzamahanga zagiye

zigaruka ku ruhare Itorero ryagira, ni ukuvuga abakristo, kugira ngo ryinjire mu buzima

bumeze butyo. Nyuma y‟ibihe by‟amakimbirane n‟intambara n‟ubwicanyi by‟urudaca,

ibyorezo n‟ibiza n‟ibindi, Abanyafurika bakwiye guharanira amahoro, guteza imbere

imibereho yabo, ubukungu n‟ikoranabuhanga. Urugero rufatika ni ibikubiye muri Porogaramu

z‟uburezi ku nzego zose mu Rwanda ruvuye muri Jeniside yo muri 1994: umwanya munini

wahawe amasomo y‟ubumenyi, ikoranabuhanga, kubungabunga ibidukikije, guharanira

amahoro, ubumwe n‟ubwiyunge. Imyigishirize y‟iyobokamana nayo yahawe icyerecyezo cyo

guharanira ubuzima n‟ubugingo bisesuye ku bantu bose.

Gutangaza no guhamya ubuzima n‟ubugingo busesuye muri Afurika ni uruhare buri wese

akwiriye kugira kubw‟imibereho ya none n‟ejo hazaza. Ubwo buzima b‟ubugingo ni inzozi

z‟ivugabutumwa riha icyerekezo ibikorwa by‟umuntu ku giti cye, ibyinjira mu mibanire na

politike, hagamijwe amahoro n‟ubutabera, ejo hazaza heza h‟ubwami buza muri Yesu Kristo.

Kugira ngo ubuzima n‟ubugingo bugaragare muri Afurika, ni ngombwa ko abagabo

n‟abagore babuharanira mu buryo bw‟umubiri n‟ubwa roho. Nk‟uko Tarisise Gatwa

abishimangira, Imana ikoresha abagabo n‟abagore kugira ngo ivugurure ibyo yaremye kandi

ibature abandi bantu. Kubw‟ibyo kuva kuri Mose, Yosuwa, Dawidi n‟abahanuzi, Imana

yakoresheje abantu kugira ngo ihagarike kubabazwa k‟ubwoko bwayo, busubirane agaciro

kabwo, basubirane uburenganzira nk‟ubw‟abandi batuye isi n‟ubw‟abana b‟Imana, kandi

iracyakomeje kubikora85

.

6.3.2 Umukristo n’inshingano yo kwita ku bidukikije muri Afurika

Ibidukikije ni ijambo rigezweho rikunze gukoreshwa havugwa ibyo Imana yaremye

n‟ibikorwa by‟abantu muri byo. Mu buryo bugari iryo jambo risobanura ubumenyi mu

by‟imiturire, ari bwo butuma dusobanukirwa neza imibereho yacu, ibidukijije. Umuntu nawe

abarirwa mu bidukikije, kandi nibyo akesha imibereho myiza.

85

Cf. Th. Gatwa, in Introduction à la théologie systématique, op.cit., p. 53.

50


Ntabwo rero dushobora kubwiriza ubuzima n‟ubugingo busesuye muri Afurika twirengagije

kwangirika kw‟ibidukikije kuyigaragaramo. Twabonye neza ko iterambere ryuzuye

rikubiyemo imibereho myiza y‟abantu n‟ibindi byaremwe byose. Nyamana isuri, gutwika,

kwanduza ikirere, gutema amashyamba, ubuhinzi n‟ubworozi bya gakondo, bikomeje

kwangiza ubukungu bw‟ibidukikije muri Afurika. Ikindi kandi, Afurika yahindutse icukiro

ry‟imyanda iva mu nganda z‟i Burayi, ku buryo usanga kwangirika kw‟ibidukikije muri uwo

mugabane guteye ubwoba muri iki gihe. Mbese hakorwa iki? Ni ngombwa ko abantu

bifashisha ubushobozi Imana yabahaye kugira ngo icyo kibazo kibonerwe umuti.

a) Ubufatanye mu gushakira ibisubizo ukwangirika kw’ibidukikije

Kubera kwangirika gukabije kw‟ibidukikije n‟ubwoba bw‟abantu bamwe buterwa no

kutamenya icyo bakora imbere y‟icyo kibazo, hari abantu bamwe bagerageza gutekereza

icyakorwa, by‟umwihariko mu rubyiruko86

. Ku bakristo, kwita ku byaremwe no ku bidukikije

bijyana no kumenyesha abantu ubutware bw‟Imana ku isi. Ibyo bisobanuye ko umuntu

agomba gusohoza inshingano ze, yita ku byaremwe yaragijwe uko bikwiriye, kandi si

ukubirinda gusa ahubwo ni no kubigaragarizamo ibimenyetso by‟ubuzima bwa none

n‟ubw‟igihe kizaza.

b) Imibereho igaragaramo ibyaremwe byose

Zoe Obianga, ashingiye kubitekerezo by‟abaturage bakunze kwibera mu mashyamba (urugero

nk‟abatwa) yibutsa ko imikoranire hagati y‟umuntu n‟ibidukikje ishoboka. Kuzirikana

ibidukikije bituma dusohoza inshingano z‟imibereho yacu, kandi tukongera ubumenyi bwacu

mu gushakira ibisubizo nyabyo kwangirika kw‟ibidukikije, bibyujijwe mu gutega amatwi

undi87

. Uwo mwanditsi ashimangira ko Amatorero ygenga yo muri Afurika yashoboye

kumvikanisha icyerekezo cyuzuye cyo kuba kumwe na Yesu Kristo, Imana yigize umuntu,

hagati mu byo yaremye, ari nabyo kimenyetso cy‟urukundo rwayo. Urugero: igikorwa cyo

gutera ibiti mu turere twahindutse ubutayu kubera gukoresha nabi ubutaka, kibimburirwa na

gahunda y‟ayo Matorero (nko kuririmba, gusenga, Ijambo ry‟Imana). Ibyo bihamya ubushake

bwayo bwo kwamagana ibikorwa binyuranya n‟inshingano umuntu yahawe88

.

Amatorero ya gikristo muri Afurika akwiriye gukurikiza urwo rugero ateganya muri Litulijiya

z‟amateraniro no mu nyigisho kuba mu Itorero kwa Kristo, no mu bidikijije. Bityo,

Abanyafurika, muri ubwo bumwe n‟ibidukikije ndetse n‟ibindi byaremwe, bakumva

bahamarirwa gusohoza inshingano zabo barinda ibyo Imana yaremye.

Ibibazo:

1. Ni iyihe sano iri hagati yo kwizera n‟ibidukikije?

2. Ni uruhe ruhare Amatorero yigenga agira rwabera icyigisho Amatorero ya gikristo yo muri

Afurika mu kurushaho gusohoza inshingano yo kwita ku bidukikije?

86

Cf. J. Samuel Zoe-Obinga, op.cit., p. 117. 87

Op.cit., p. 119. 88

Op. cit., p. 120.

51

ICYUMWERU CYA KARINDWI

ISOMO RYA KARINDWI

7. UMUKRISTO N’IBIBAZO BYA SOSIYETE

Intego rusange:

Kwerekana uruhare abakristo bakwiriye kugira mu gukemura no kwimira ibibazo byugarije

sosiyete zo muri Afurika


7.1 Umukristo n’akarengane

Intego igamijwe:

Gusesengura ubwoko bw‟akarengane muri sosiyete zo muri Afurika n‟uruhare abakristo

bagira mu kukarwanya

Ibice bisomwa:

Itangiriro 4: 1-16 Abacamanza 19: 1-30 Yeremiya 7: 1-15

Esiteri 3: 1-15 Matayo 2: 13-23 Abaroma 1: 18-32

Ibyahishuwe 18: 1-24

7.1.1 Ubwoko butandukanye bw’akarengane

Bikunze kuvugwa ko Afurika ari umugabane w‟akarengane k‟uburyo bwinshi ukandamiza

abaturage kandi ukabihebesha. Yohani Cl Jereke avuga ukwiheba k‟urubyiruko rw‟Afurika

mu magambo akurikira “Abenshi mu banyafurika ntibicuza kuba harayeho ubukoloni. si uko

bibagiwe imirimo y‟agahato, ibitutsi, n‟ubundi buryo bunyuranye bwo gukandamizwa,

ahubwo ni uko ibyo babona mu gihe cya nonebibabaje cyane kandi birenze ibyo: ruswa,

gusahura umutungo w‟ibihugu n‟inkunga zigenewe abatishoboye kwa bamwe mu bayobozi,

intambara zijyana n‟ubwicanyi bw‟indengakamere. Igiteye ubwoba cyane muri iki gihe ni

ubwihebe, gutakaza icyizere cyo kubaho”89

, ari nabyo bituma urubyiruko rwinshi ruhunga

uwo mgabane.

Ubwoko bw‟akarengane bwigaragaza mu buryo bwinshi mu mubanire y‟Abanyafurika

(umuntu ku giti cye, amatsinda y‟abantu, amoko, igihugu). Ubwiganje muri bwo ni:

- akarengane ko ku mubiri

- akarengane ko mu mutima

- akarengane mu mibanire n‟ubukungu

- akarengane ka politiki, mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga

a) Akarengane ku by’ umubiri no kubyo umuntu atunze

Akarengane ko ku mubiri no kubyo umuntu atunze: ni ibikorwa by‟ubugizi bwa nabi,

ubwambuzi, ihohotera rikorerwa umuntu hagamijwe kumugirira nabi; ni akarengane

gahungabanya umubiri, ubuzima, gashobora no gutera urupfu biturutse ku nkoni, imirimo

y‟agahato, kunyongwa, kwamburwa ibyo utunze by‟ibanze90

.

89

J. Claude Djeréke, op.cit., pp. 28-32. 90

F. OUAmba, in Introduction à la théologie systèmatique, op. cit., p. 59

52


Ako karengane gakorerwa abantu, kakabatesha agaciro, kakabavutsa uburenganzira bwo

kugira icyo bavuga cyangwa bakora. Bishobora kugera n‟aho umuntu avutswa ubuzima bwe.

b) Akarengane muby’ imbamutima

Akarengane nk‟ako kareze muri Afurika. Ni uburyo bw‟ihohotera rigamije kuvutsa abantu

uburenganzira bwabo bw‟ibanze nko gutanga ibitekerezo byabo, kwiga, umudendezo, idini.

Hari kandi kwimakaza ivanguramoko rigamije gutera abandi ubwoba no kubabuza

umutekano91

. Ibyo bitesha agaciro kandi bigafungiranira abantu mu bwihebe no mu

bwigunge. Akenshi akarengane nk‟ako kajyana n‟uburyo bunyuranye bw‟ihohotera, ryaba

iryo ku mubiri cyangwa iryo muby‟ubukungu.

Akarengane ko mu mutima gaherekeza ihohotera ryo ku mubiri, urugero ni nko gufatwa ku

ngufu. Icyaha nk‟icyo kiri mu byangiza cyane sosiyete zo muri Afurika. Kigira ingaruka

zikabije n‟ibikomere cyane cyane ku bagore n‟abana kubera ifatwa ku ngufu nko gutera

ibibazo by‟ihahamuka, ubwoba, kwicira imanza92

. Uburyo bw‟ihohotera n‟ingaruka zabwo

butangira abana bakiri bato bitewe n‟amakimbirane mu muryango, kudashyirwa mu ishuri,

gukoreshwa imirimo y‟ingufu.

c) Akarengane muby’imibanire n’ubukungu

Akarengane mu by‟imibanire n‟ubukungu gahungabanya ubuzima bw‟imibanire y‟abantu

muri sosiyete: imirimo, ibikorwa bigamije ubukungu, no kwigarurira iby‟abantu binjiza.

Ibibazo nk‟ibyo mu rwego rw‟imibanire n‟abakimbirane mu miryango ni rusange muri

Afurika. Ahanini biterwa n‟ishyari rishingiye ku butaka, amakimbirane hagati y‟abahinzi

n‟aborozi. Amakimbirane menshi uyasanga aho abantu bakorera ibikorwa byabo: gusaba

kongererwa imishahara, kugabanya abakozi, ubushomeri kubera kubura akazi, guhungira mu

mijyi no guhindagura inzego z‟ubuyobozi.

Akarengane muby‟imibanire n‟ubukungu karangwa ahanini n‟intera ikabije usanga hagati

y‟abakire n‟abakene muri sosiyete zo muri Afurika. Ahantu henshi, kunyunyuza imitsi ya

rubanda rugufi kw‟abakomeye nk‟abacuruzi, abasirikari, abari mu myanya ikomeye

y‟ubutegetsi ni rusange.

d) Akarengane ka politike

Ubwo buryo bw‟akarengane nibwo soko y‟akaga kugarije Afurika: ni akarengane ka politike

hagati mu bihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Ako karengane niko nkomoko y‟ubwigunge

n‟ubwihebe mu batuye Afurika. Politike mpuzamahanga ntizita ku butabera no ku

burenganzira bw‟ikiremwa muntu, kuva ku gihe cy‟icuruzwa ry‟abirabura, igihe

cy‟ubukoloni, ubwigenge mu by‟uburi butari bwo, amashyaka menshi y‟udukingirizo kugeza

n‟ubu, kandi ahenshi bamwe mu banyapolitike bo muri Afurika ubwabo bakabigiramo

uruhare.

Akarengane gafite inkomoko za politike kakunze gutuma hameneka amaraso menshi ku

mugabane w‟Afurika, haba muri Afurika y‟epfo mu gihe cy‟ivanguramoko, mu Rwanda igihe

91

Th.Gatwa, Rwanda : Eglises victimes ou coupables, les églises et l‟idéologie ethnique au Rwanda 1900-1994,

Yaoundé/Romé, 2001, p. 164. 92

Cf. D. Akintunde, Introduction à la théologie systèmatique, op. cit., p. 101.

53


cya Jeniside yo muri Mata 1994, muri Kongo kubera amakimbirane hagati y‟ingabo, muri

Somaliya, Sudani, n‟ahandi. Guceceka cyangwa kurebera k‟umuryango mpuzamanga nibyo

bishyigikira ikandamizwa ry‟umunyafurika n‟ibihugu byateye imbere. Amaraso

y‟inzirakarengane akomeza kumeneka akwiriye gutuma ibintu bihinduka no kuba intandaro

yo gutegura ibyiringiro by‟ab‟ejo hazaza.

7.1.2 Inshingano y’Itorero mu kurwanya akarengane muri Afurika

a) Itorero ryo muri Afurika ntirigomba kwifata

Itorero ryo muri Afurika ntiryavuga ko ari shyashya imbere y‟akaga abaturage bo muri

Afurika bakomeje kugira, dukurikije ububasha abayobozi baryo bafite. Yohani Cl. Jereke

ntahisha uburakari afitiye inzego z‟ubuyobozi bw‟amwe mu Matorero, bwagiye bufatanya

n‟ubutegetsi bw‟igitugu mu kwimakaza akarengane n‟ubwicanyi bw‟abatuye Afurika.

Abivuga muri aya magambo: “Igihe kiva muri 1960 kikageza muri 1990 cyaranzwe muri

rusange n‟ubufatanye bw‟amwe mu Matorero n‟ingoma zitigeze zita ku kubahiriza

uburenganzira bw‟abantu, gucunga neza ibya rubanda no gusaranganya ubutunzi bw‟ibiguhu

ababituye”93

.

b) Inshingano y’Itorero muri Afurika

“Urugomo wagiriye mwene so Yakobo nirwo ruzagutera gukorwa n‟isoni cyane, kandi

kurimbuka kwawe kuzaba ukw‟iteka ryose. Wa munsi wihagarariraga urebera gusa, igihe

abanzi bajyanaga ubutunzi bwe, abanyamahanga bakinjira mu marembo ye bagafindira

Yerusalemu, wari umeze nk‟uwo muri bo. Ariko ntukarebere ku munsi wa mwene so, umunsi

yabonyemo amakuba, kandi ntukishime ku Bayuda ku munsi barimbutsemo, kandi

ntukababwirane ubwibone ku munsi bagizemo amakuba” (Obadiya 10-12). Aya magambo

y‟ubuhanuzi yabwirwaga abakomoka kuri Esawu, mukuru wa Yakobo, arerekana ko kwifata

imbere y‟ibyago by‟abandi ari icyaha gihanirwa. Ni nako Itorero rya Kristo rifite inshingano

yo kugaragaza ibintu byose bibuza umuntu umudendezo n‟imibereho myiza. Itorero

ryashyiriwe ku isi kuba umurinzi w‟ubwoko bw‟Imana nk‟uko Ezekiyeli abivuga (3:17).

Itorero rigomba kwamagana akarengane, gutesha agaciro umuntu waremwe mu ishusho

y‟Imana no kwangiza ibyo Imana yaremye muri rusange.

c) Itorero ryo muri Afurika n’ibihe bishya

Imbere y‟akarengane kahawe intebe muri Afurika n‟uruhare Itorero ryagiye rikagiramo,

hakwiriye kubaho kwibaza no guhinduka. Itorero (n‟abayobozi baryo) rimurikiwe

n‟Ubutumwa bwiza bw‟agakiza muri Yesu Kristo, ryagombye kwihana no gufata umwanzuro

wo kwivugurura. Uko kwihana gukozwe uko bikwiriye kandi kugahera kubayobozi ku nzego

zose, kwazana impinduka muri sosiyete. Uko kwivugurura no kwihana kuvuye ku mutima

bivugwa ni nk‟iby‟abayobozi b‟abakristo b‟Itorero ry‟ivugabutumwa ryo mu Budage, ubwo

baturaga intege nke bagize muri Jenoside y‟abayahudi94

.

Th. Gatwa avuga ko kugira ngo Itorero ryo mu Rwanda rigire ejo hazaza heza, ndetse Afurika

yose, nk‟icyitegererezo cy‟ubuzima n‟umurimo w‟Umwami Yesu Kristo, rigomba guhora riri

maso95

.

93

Th. Gatwa, op. cit., p. 181. 94

W.Visser‟t Hooft, „Mémoires press‟, 1973, p. 192 ; in T. Gatwa, op. cit., p. 247. 95

Th. Gatwa., op. cit., pp. 283-284.

54


Ibibazo

1. Gira icyo uvuga nibura ku buryo bubiri bw‟akarengane kagaragara muri sosiyete zo muri

Afurika

2. Ni iyihe nshingano Itorero rihamagarirwa kugira ngo ritegure ibihe bishya by‟Afurika?

3. Utekereza iki ku kwihana cyangwa ku kutihana kw‟Itorero imbere y‟akaga sosiyete zihura

nako?

55



7.2 Amahoro, ubutabera n’uburenganzira bw’ibyo Imana yaremye

Intego igamijwe:

Kwarekana urufatiro n‟ibimenyetso bya sosiyete irangwa n‟amahoro, ubutabera,

uburenganzira bw‟ibyo Imana yaremye.

Ibice bisomwa:

Zaburi 85 Ezekiyeli 47: 1-12 Zakariya 14: 1-21

Matayo 5: 1-16; 18: 23-35 Yohana 19: 1-42 2 Petero 3: 1-13

7.2.1 Urufatiro rwa sosiyete irangwa n’amahoro n’ubutabera

Amahoro n‟ubutabera muri sosiyete ntibipfa kwizana. Bituruka ku mpinduramatwara

abaturage bagizemo uruhare rugaraga, barwanya ikintu cyose kibadindiza. Iyo

mpinduramatwara niyo yubaka amateka y‟ahantu nk‟uko abahanga mu by‟amateka

babyerekana.

Kugira ngo Afurika igire amahoro, umudendezo n‟ubutabera, birasaba ko duhindura sosiyete

zacu, turandura ihohorerwa, inzangano zishingiye ku moko, gukandamizanya, n‟ibindi

bidusubiza inyuma. Kuko, ntabwo umudendezo, kubahiriza uburenganzira bw‟ibyo Imana

yaremye, amahoro, iterambere ry‟ubukungu byacu kandi biboneye, tuzabihabwa n‟ibihugu

byateye imbere. Bizava muri twebwe ubwacu.

F. Owamba (F. Ouamba) agaragaza ibikwiriye gukorwa kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho agira ati:

“Kubungabunga no guteza imbere ubuzima nibyo bikwiriye kuba ishingiro ry‟imibereho

y‟umuntu na sosiyete abamo, ni inzira y‟imibereho y‟amahoro. Bityo uburere bwose bugamije

amahoro bukeshwa kuzirikana no kubahiriza uburenganzira bwo kubaho, kubaha mugenzi

wawe kugira ngo imibanire ishoboke”.96

7.2.2 Ibimenyetso biranga sosiyete y’amahoro n’ubutabera

Ibintu by‟ingenzi biranga sosiyete y‟amahoro n‟ubutabera ni:

Kubahiriza uburenganzira bw‟abantu n‟ubw‟ibindi Imana yaremye byose;

Kwihaza mu biribwa n‟iterambere ry‟ubukungu;

Igihugu kigendera ku mategeko n‟imiyoborere myiza;

Ubumwe bw‟abatuye igihugu.

a) Kubahiriza uburenganzira bw’abantu n’ubw’ibindi Imana yaremye

Kugira ngo habeho kubahiriza uburenganzira bw‟abantu n‟ubw‟ibindi byaremwe, ntibihagije

ko ubwo burenganzira bwandikwa mu bitabo cyangwa bwigwa mu mashuri, ahubwo

hakwiriye kubaho umuco ushingiye ku nshingano Imana yahaye umuntu mubyo

yaremye.Uburenganzira bw‟abantu n‟ubw‟ibindi Imana yaremye biri mu mugambi w‟Imana.

Gutangaza ubwo burenganzira ni uguhamya ko Imana ari umuremyi, isohoza isezerano

ifitanye n‟ibyo yaremye. Bityo inshingano y‟abizera muri sosiyete no ukugaragaza agakiza

k‟Imana mu byo yaremye no guhamya urukundo rw‟Imana ifitiye ibyo yaremye.

96

F. Ouamba, op.cit., p. 84.

56


b) Kwihaza mu biribwa n’iterambere ry’ubukungu

Byinshi mu bihugu by‟Afurika byugarijwe n‟ibibazo binyuranye by‟ubukungu n‟ingaruka

zijyana nabyo nko kudashobora kwivuza, kutagira: amazi meza, aho kuba heza, ubumenyi

buhagije n‟aho gukorera hadakwiriye. Mu rwego rwo gushakira ibisubizo ibyo bibazo, ni

ngombwa kumenya ubutunzi bwa buri hantu no kugerageza uko bishoboka kose kububyaza

umusaruro kandi ugasaranganywa abaturage bose. Ibyo bigezweho yaba ari ntambwe itewe

iganisha kuri sosiyete irangwa n‟ imibereho myiza, amahoro n‟ubutabera.

c) Igihugu kigendera ku mategeko n’imiyoborere myiza

Nk‟uko twabibonye, politike mbi yagize uruhare mu kudindiza Afurika, haba ku rwego

rw‟ibihugu ubwabyo, haba no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Kuva igihe cy‟ubukoloni kugeza

igihe cy‟ubwigenge, politike z‟igitugu zirangwa n‟ihohotera, kurenganya nizo zari zarahawe

intebe, abazikoresha bagamije kwigumira ku butegetsi. Muri icyo gihe, inzirakarengane

nyinshi zatakaje ubuzima bwazo, ibihugu bisigarira aho, imitungo yabyo irasahurwa.

Imiyoborere imeze ityo, ntishobora gutuma Afurika igira amahoro n‟ubutabera.

Afurika ikeneye imiyoborere myiza n‟ibihugu bigendera ku mategeko, ibyo byose bishingiye

ku byifuzo by‟abanyafurika ubwabo, atari ku nyungu bwite z‟abanyapolitike. Igihugu

kigendera ku mategeko kinatandukanya inzego z‟ubutegetsi gikurikije gahunda ya

demokarasi. Ni ukuvaga ko abayobozi batagomba guhindura igikoresho cyabo inzego

z‟ubutabera cyangwa inteko ishinga amategeko bagamije inyunu zabo bwite. Umudendezo

w‟itangazamakuru ni umwe mubigaragaza intambwe y‟iterambere ry‟amahoro n‟ubutabera

muri sosiyete.

d) Ubumwe bw’abatuye igihugu

Ikindi kimenyetso kiranga sosiyete y‟amahoro n‟ubutabera ni ubumwe bw‟abatuye igihugu.

Niyo mpamvu kwirema ibice mu gihugu ari ikirango cy‟ibibazo n‟amakimbirane muri

sosiyete. Muri iki gihe, mu bihugu bimwe by‟Afurika uhasanga umwuka w‟iterabwoba,

gufungirwa amaherere, kwirukannwa mu gihugu, gutakaza abanyabwenge bigira gukora mu

bindi bihugu. Ibyo biragaragaza ko inzira ikiri ndende mu kubaka sosiyete nyafurika

y‟amahoro n‟ubutabera.

Ibibazo

1. Ni ibihe bintu by‟ibanze kugira ngo habeho sosiyete y‟amahoro n‟ubutabera?

2. Tanga kandi usobanure ibimenyetso 4 biranga sosiyete y‟amahoro n‟ubutabera.

3. Utekereza iki ku miyoborere myiza no kugendera ku mategeko mu gihugu cyawe?

57



7.3 Ihohotera no gukemura amakimbirane muri Afurika

Intego igamijwe: Kwerekana akamaro k‟uburere bwa gikristo mu kwirinda ihohotera no mu gukemura

amakimbirane muri Afurika

Ibice bisomwa:

Itangiriro 13: 2-18; 27: 1-46 2 Samweli 16: 5-14 Yesaya 7: 10-25

Mika 4: 1-14 Luka 1: 67-79 Abaroma 12: 2-21

7.3.1 Ihindagurika

Imbere y‟ibibazo bimunga sosiyete z‟Afurika, hari imbaraga nyinshi ziri gukoreshwa kugira

ngo dusingire sosiyete irangwa n‟amahoro. Hari nk‟imishyikirano igamije amahoro,

amasezerano y‟amahoro hagati y‟ abahanganye, inyandiko za Sendika zigamije amahoro,

uburenzira bw‟ikiremwa muntu, ubw‟abakozi, ubw‟imitwe y‟inyeshyamba n‟ibindi.

Ikibazo umuntu ashobora kwibaza, ni ukumenya niba izo nzira zose ziganisha ku mahoro

yifuzwa. Ikibabaza ni uko ingamba mpuzamahanga kugira ngo habeho umutekano, amahoro

ntacyo birajya byatanga nk‟igisubizo muri Afurika. Ndetse n‟ibikorwa ku rwego

mpuzamahanga kugira ngo habeho kwambura intwaro imitwe izitunze ku buryo bunyuranyije

n‟amategeko, ntacyo bikunze gutanga, urugero ni nko muri Somaliya.97

Usanga akenshi iyo

ubuhuza n‟amasezerano by‟amahoro bidashoboye gukemura ibibazo ihoboterwa

rikemurishwa ihohoterwa rirushijeho gukara.

P. Ango Ela yatekereje inzira zakoreshwa mu kugarura amahoro mu Afurika yo hagati:98

- Gukumira no gukemura amakimbirane;

- Kugira uruhare muri politike;

- Kuba umwenegihugu mwiza;

- Kugira uruhare mu bikorerwa mu karere ubamo.

Kuri Ango Ela, ni ugushaka inzira itandukanye n‟iyo abo dukomokaho babonamo ubutegetsi,

kuko usanga ari yo nkomoko y‟ingorane. Uwo mwanditsi avuga ko mu bihugu bimwe

by‟Afurika, abantu bamwe bakesha kuba ku butegetsi guhisha cgangwa se guhindura itegeko

nshinga ry‟ibihugu byabo. Ntibita ku byifuzo by‟abaturage, noneho ugasanga abo baturage

bahitamo guhugira mu nzego zo hasi, mu moko, ibyo bikaba ari byo bihinduka ishingiro

ry‟umuco wabo n‟ubufatanye. Uko kwirengagiza itegeko nshinga ry‟igihugu bigira ingaruka

z‟uko usanga havuka imvururu n‟ihohoterwa kubera imikorere mu bya politike.99

97

R. Marchal et Christine Messiant, Les chemins de la guèrre et de la paix, fins des conflits en Afrique orientale

et australe, Karthala, Paris, 1997. 98

P. Ango Ela, éd., La prévention des conflits en Afrique Centrale, Prospective pour une culture de la paix,

Karthala, Paris, 2001, p. 78. 99

Ibidem.

58


Kugira ngo amahoro n‟ubutabera biboneke muri Afurika, sosiyete zaho zigomba guhaguruka

no gushakisha ibisubizo, ariko bitagira uwo bibangamira. Kudakoresha ihohotera ni intambara

igeza ku kuri n‟ubutabera mu rukundo. Ni inzira inzirakarengane isubirizwamo agaciro kayo,

ibyiringiro by‟ejo hazaza n‟umwuka w‟umudendezo. Ni intambara isaba imbaraga cyane

nk‟iza Maritini Luteri King waharaniraga uburenganzira bwa muntu muri aya magambo:

“Sinshaka gutanga isura y‟uko kudakoresha ingufu bisohoza igihe cyose ibitangaza uko bwije

n‟uko bikwiriye. Kuko abantu bamwe ntibakunze kureka mu buryo bworoshye ibitekerezo

n‟imyumvire byabo. Iyo abadafite namba basabye uburenganzira bwabo, usanga abakomeye

babima amatwi.100

Mahatma Ghandi niwe wa mbere wakoreheje inzira y‟amahoro mu guharanira ubwigenge.

Iyo nzira ishingiye ku Butumwa bwiza, nk‟uko uwo mugabo akomeza abivuga: “Yesu

yahisemo gutanga ubuzima bwe kugira ngo akize umuntu, yahuje ibikorwa bibiri kubw‟igihe

cyose, igikorwa cyo gucungura n‟icy‟amahoro. Kuko Yesu ari umukiza, nta muntu n‟umwe

ukwiriye kongera gukiza yica, cyangwa kwica kugira ngo akize. Ubuzima dufashisha abandi,

nibwo bushobora gukiza umuntu”.101

Amahoro si intege nke cyangwa ukwifata, ahubwo ni

ukurwana nta ntwaro zangiza, ukoresheje inzira yatangijwe na Yesu Kristo. Amahoro ni

igisubizo cy‟ihohotera. Ni uburyo bwo kwiyegereza abantu kandi ni igikoresho kirambye

cy‟imibereho y‟umukristo.

7.3.2 Uburere bwa gikristo bugamije amahoro muri Afurika

Itorero rifite inshingano mu burere bwa gikristo, uburere butarangwamo ihohotera. Uburere

nk‟ubwo ni ubuhamya bwo kugera ikirenge mu cya Yesu Kristo. We Mwami w‟Itorero,

ntiyigishishije kuba icyitegererezo cy‟ikirenga cy‟urukundo, akemera gupfa nabi ku

musaraba, akabwira Petero gusubiza inkota ye mu rwubati? Mbese ntiyatwigishije ko ushaka

kuduhohotera adukubita urushyi mu musaya w‟iburyo, dukwiriye kumuhindurira n‟uw‟iburyo

(Matayo 5: 39)?

Kuzirikana ubutabera no kugira neza kw‟Imana, imbere yibyo yaremye muri rusange no mu

buzima bw‟umuntu by‟umwihariko, bigamije gutuma natwe dukomera ku myifatire ya

gikristo izira ihohotera, ishingiye ku rukundo. Urukundo rumurikira uwizera kandi rudutegeka

imyifatire iharanira ubuzima n‟ubugingo ku bantu bose. Umuntu wese ukora cyangwa ugira

uruhare mu bikorwa bigamije gusimbuza ubunyamaswa ubumuntu agamije isi y‟amahoro mu

rukundo, ubutabera n‟ubufatanye.102

Abagize Itorero muri Afurika n‟abandi bose bakora ibishoboka kugira ngo sosiyete y‟Afurika

imererwe neza, bakwiriye guharanira amahoro mu byo bavuga no mu byo bakora.

Dukwiriye kwigira ku butwari bw‟amatsinda ya Gandi mu Buhindi, Maritini Luteri Kingi

muri Amerika, Mandela muri Afurika y‟epfo n‟umusaruro wabwo w‟amahoro mu gukemura

mu mahoro amakimbirane.

Kugira ngo ejo hazaza h‟Afurika hazabe heza biradusaba kwimakaza umuco utarangwamo

ihohotera iryo ariryo ryose, kugira abahungu n‟abakokwa biyemeza kuragaza mu mibereho

yabo ya buri munsi ukuri, amahoro, ubuzima n‟ubugingo busesuye ku bantu bose Yesu Kristo

yatanze ku bantu bose, harimo n‟Abanyafurika.103

100

M. L. King cité par Fabrien Ouamba, op.cit., p. 46. 101

Ibidem. 102

F. Ouamba, op.cit., p. 82. 103

Op. cit., p. 86.

59


Ibibazo

1. Erekana itandukaniro riri hagati y‟inzira y‟amahoro n‟ubundi buryo bwo gukemura

amakimbirane.

2. Kuki inzira y‟amahoro ari igikorwa gisaba ubutwari bukomeye?

3. Ni uruhe ruhare Itorero ryagira kugira ngo inzira y‟amahoro ihinduke icyitegererezo mu

kubaka Afurika y‟ubumwe, amahoro n‟ubutabera?

60

ICYUMWERU CYA MUNANI

ISOMO RYA MUNANI

8. ITORERO N’INZIRA Y’UBWIYUNGE MURI AFURIKA

Intego rusange:

Kwerekana uruhare rw‟Itorero mu nzira y‟ubwiyunge muri Afurika


8.1 Umurimo w’ubwiyunge Intego igamijwe:

Kugaragaza ishingiro ry‟umurimo w‟ubwiyunge w‟Itorero muri sosiyete

Ibice bisomwa:

Itangiriro 33: 1-17; 44: 14-45 Kuva 24: 1-11 Yona 3: 1-10

Matayo 5: 38-48 Luka 15: 11-21 Abefeso 2: 11-22

8.1.1 Icyo Bibiliya ivuga ku murimo w’ubwiyunge

Nyuma y‟urupfu rwa Yesu, Bibiliya ikoresha ijambo “ubwiyunge” mu rwego rwo kugaragaza

imiterere mishya y‟isi. Iryo jambo rifitanye isano n‟agakiza, gucungura, gutsindishiriza,

icyaremwe gishya. Umurimo wo gucungura watangije impinduka yuzuye mu isi, ku buryo

muby‟idini byabaye ngombwa gukoresha amagambo mashya.104

Ijambo “ubwiyunge

turisanga cyane cyane mu nyandiko za Pawulo (Abaroma 10-11; 11: 15; 2 Abakorinto 5: 18-

20; Abakolosayi 1: 20-22). Inshinga “kunga”isobanura “guteranya”, “gusubiza hamwe”,

inasobanura kugarura amahoro n‟imibanire myiza hagati y‟amatsinda abiri „Abefeso 2: 14-

16). Inyigisho za Yesu Kristo zatangijwe n‟iyo nzira y‟ubwiyunge kubw‟Ibyo Imana

yakoreye ubwoko bwayo: “igihe kirasohoye, ubwami bw‟Imana buri hafi. Nuko mwihane,

mwemere ubutumwa bwiza” (Mariko 1:15).

N‟ubwo ijambo “ubwiyunge” ridafite irisobanura nkaryo mu rurimi rw‟igiheburayo,

Isezerano rya Kera rikubiyemo ibice birarikira ubwoko bwari bwarayobye kugaruka mu buntu

bw‟Imana. Ni yo mpamvu y‟ibitambo byo guhongerera ibyaha, ibirori by‟umunsi mukuru wo

kubabarirwa, umwaka w‟imbabazi, uwa Yubile (Abalewi 16: 17-25). Kuri Isirayeli, Yubile

isobanura gutangira bushya, ibihe bishya, aho kurihisha ibintu n‟imyenda, amakosa n‟ibyaha

bikurwaho, aho umutwaro w‟igihe cyashize uba utakibarwa mu mibanire n‟Imana, ndetse no

hagati y‟umuntu na bagenzi be. Ibitabo by‟ubuhanuzi bitangaza ko ubwami bwa Mesiya

buzatangiza ubwiyunge bw‟ibyo Imana yaremye (Yesaya 11; Hoseya 2: 23).

Iyo usesenguye ibice byavuzwe haruguru ubihuza n‟ubwiyunge mu nzandiko za Pawulo, hari

ibintu bine bihita byigaragaza: ishingiro ry‟ubwiyunge, abo bugenewe, igihe buba ari

ngombwa n‟ingaruka zabwo.

a) Ishingiro ry’ubwiyunge

Dukurikije ibice bikurikira: Abaroma 6: 11; 2 Abakorinto 5: 17 n‟ibikurikira; Abakolosayi 1:

20, 22, Imana ubwayo niyo shingiro ry‟ubwiyunge. Igice cy‟Abefeso 2: 16 kigaragaza Yesu

104

J.J Von Allmen, op.cit., p. 245.

61


nk‟ushyira mu bikorwa umugambi w‟Imana. Imana niyo yategetse, kandi isohoza uwo

murimo, ikanawukoza kugeza ku mwuzuro wawo.

b) Abagenewe ubwiyunge

Dukurikije urwandiko rwandikiwe Abaroma n‟urwandikiwe Abefeso, isi niyo yunzwe

n‟Imana. Mu Isezerano Rishya, isi ni mbere na mbere ibihugu by‟abanyamahanga (abapagani)

batari bafite uburenganzira bwo gutura muri Isirayeli, abanyamahanga ku masezerano, nta

byiringiro, nta Mana (Abefeso 2:12). Dukurikije urwandiko rwandikiwe Abakolosayi, ni

abanyamahanga, abanzi b‟Imana. Naho muri 2 Abakorinto, isi ni ibyaremwe byose

byigaruriwe n‟icyaha. Bityo, tubona ko ubwiyunge bufite igisobanuro cyagutse: abarebwa

nabwo ni abantu bose bagomera Imana cyangwa se bakagomera bagenzi babo.

c) Igihe cy’ubwiyunge

Ibice byo muri Bibiliya bivuga ku bwiyunge byemeza ko busohorezwa muri Yesu Kristo,

kubw‟urupfu rwe ku musaraba. Ubwiyunge bugirana isano n‟igikorwa kibereye ahantu mu

gihe runaka, bufite isoko mu idini, mu iteraniro cyangwa mu muhango, ariko mu mateka

agizwemo uruhare n‟Imana ikurikije umugambi wayo w‟agakiza. Intego y‟urupfu rwa Kristo

nayo irasobanutse: “ Kristo yapfuye kubw‟ibicumuro byacu” (Abaroma 5: 18-21).

d) Inkurikizi z’ubwiyunge

Kubw‟ubutware bwayo butagereranywa, Imana yahinduye imibereho y‟isi.Umusaraba

wabaye nk‟uhagaritse urupfu uba ushyize iherezo ku bya kera kandi uba utangije ibihe bishya.

“Umuntu wese iyo ari muri Kristo aba ari icyaremwe gishya, ibya kera biba bishize. Dore

byose biba bihindutse bishya”(2 Abakorinto 5: 14-17). Kubw‟uko gukora kw‟Imana, ubuntu

bw‟isezerano bugera mu bihugu byose, ku byaremwe byose. Kubw‟ubwo bwiyunge, hari

imyifatire mishya umuntu wunzwe n‟Imana agaragaza imbere y‟amategeko n‟imbere ya

mugenzi we (Matayo 5: 38-45), akoreshwa n‟urukundo (1Yohana 4: 10).

Nyamara ubwiyunge si igikorwa kiri ukwacyo, ni urugendo rw‟ubwami bw‟Imana.

Bwatangijwe na Yesu Kristo, bugomba gukomezwa ku isi kugeza ku izuka rya nyuma

(Abaroma 11: 5). Kugira ngo uwo murimo w‟ubwiyunge ushobore gukomeza, Imana

yawushinze abakozi bayo (2 Abakorinto 5: 20).

Mu magambo make, ubwiyunge ni umugambi ukomeye w‟Imana yasohoreje ku musaraba wa

Yesu Kristo, ikingura inzira y‟urukundo, yiyunga n‟isi ku bushake bwayo bwonyine.105

8.1.2 Itorero n’ubwiyunge muri Afurika

Nk‟uko twabibonye haruguru, ubwiyunge buzakomeza kugeza ku munsi w‟imperuka. Muri

icyo gihe cyose, Itorero n‟abakristo muri rusange bagomba gukora uwo murimo Kristo

yabashinze: umurimo w‟ubwunzi.

Mu gusohoza iyo nshingano, Itorero ntirigomba kwishyiriraho indi nzira. Nibyo Th.Gatwa

ashimangira agaragaza ibyo kwirinda mu nzira y‟ubwiyunge: “kudafata ubwiyunge

nk‟ubushakashatsi bw‟amahoro bw‟ako kanya, amahoro ateguwe n‟abantu bo hanze

b‟abanyempuhwe, cyangwa se abashobora guhisha inkomoko nyayo y‟amakimbirane. Abo

bombi bagamije imibanire myiza.Ariko uburyo nyabwo bwo gukemura ikibazo ni

105

M. Bouttier, in J. J. Von Allmen, op.cit., 245-247.

62


ukuzirikana ko hari impanvu zagiteye no kuzishakana n‟abo ikibazo kireba. Ikintu cya kabiri

cyo kwirinda ni ugufata ubwiyunge nk‟uburyo bubohora, bworoshya umubabaro, kugira ngo

imibereho ibe myiza. Ikindi na none ni ugufata ubwiyunge nka gahunda y‟ishuri igomba

gukurikizwa, aho impuguke mu bumenyi bw‟umuntu bagerageza gusubiza agaciro buri wese

mu bashyamiranye. Icyo ubwo buryo bwose bunengwa ni ukwirengagiza intambwe yo guhuza

abafitanye ikibazo, aho ufite ikosa aryemera kandi akiryahana.106

Itorero rigomba kubakira ku rugero rw‟ubwiyunge Bibiliya itanga, kugira ngo rye kuba

ryatandukira. Ibyo birisaba:

- Kwamamaza ubutumwa bwiza bw‟ubwiyunge bushingiye ku Mana kandi bufitiye akamaro

amako yose n‟ibindi biremwa byose;

- Gusohoza umurimo w‟ubwiyunge riherekeza abarebwa nabwo mu rukundo no mu bwitange.

Rikwiriye guhora rizirikana ko ubwiyunge ari impano Imana itangira muri Yesu Kristo

wabambwe;

-Gukorana umurimo w‟ubwiyunge kwihangana. Uwo murimo ni urugendo rugomba

gukomezwa kugeza ku munsi w‟imperuka.

Ibibazo

1. Vuga ibintu bitatu bifitanye isano n‟ijambo “ubwiyunge” dukurikije Bibiliya.

2. Sobanura ishingiro, intego, igihe n‟ingaruka by‟ubwiyunge.

3. Ushingiye kucyo Bibiliya ivuga ku bwiyunge, garagaza inkurikizi zifatika zo gusohoza

uwo murimo kw‟Itorero muri sosiyete.

106

Th. Gatwa, op.cit., p. 254.

63



8.2 Ubutabera n’imbabazi Intego igamijwe:

Kugaragaza ukuntu ubutabera n‟imbabazi byagira uruhare mu kubaka imibereho myiza na

politike muri Afurika

Ibice bisomwa:

Abalewi 16: 1-34 Zaburi 51: 1-21 Amosi 6: 1-14

Matayo 18: 23-25; 25: 31-36 Mariko 12: 13-17 Abaroma 5: 1-21

Ubutabera n‟imbabazi ni ibintu bibiri by‟ingenzi bigira uruhare rukomeye mu gikorwa

cy‟ubwiyunge. Imana muri Yesu Kristo yiyunga n‟isi (2 Abakorinto 5:19), yakoresheje

ubutabera n‟imbabazi. Ni ngombwa kuzirikana ko ubutabera bw‟Imana butagarukira mu guca

imanza, mu guhana, ahubwo harimo n‟ubushake bwo kugarura imibereho myiza muri

rusange.

8.2.1 Imbabazi muri Bibiliya

Kimwe n‟ubwiyunge, imbabazi ni igikorwa cy‟ubuntu Imana ikorera umunyabyaha. Mu

Isezerano rya Kera, buri mwaka, ku munsi mukuru w‟imbabazi (Yôm Kippourim), mu gihe

cyo gusenga k‟ubwoko bw‟Imana buzirikana ko bufite umwenda imbere y‟Imana, bwakiraga

imbaraga zayo.

Kubw‟imbabazi zayo, Imana iduharira imyenda yacu (Kubara 10: 19), ku buryo itongera

kuyibuka ukundi (Yesaya 38: 17; Kuva 32:32; Yesaya 6:7).

Mu Isezeran Rishya, ijambo imbabazi ryumvikanisha ko:

-Nta muntu n‟umwe uzikwiriye: ubusanzwe, umuntu ni umunyabyaha udashobora

kubabarirwa nk‟uko umugani wo mu butumwa bwiza bwanditswe na Matayo 18: 23-35

ubigaragaza. Ariko Umwami mu mudendezo n‟ineza bye ashobora gufata icyemezo cyo

kubohora, gucungura umugaragu we, kumuharira umwenda, kumubabarira. Ni umwami

ugenera umugaragu we ibirenze cyane ibyo uwo asaba. Ibyo birerekana ko umunyabyaha

adashobora ubwe kwikosora imbere y‟Imana no gusohoza amategeko yayo. Ntashobora

kwikiza ubwe (Mariko 10: 26-27). Umuntu ubwe ntacyo yakora cyamuhesha kubabarirwa.

- Inkuru nziza nk‟impano Imana iha umunyabyaha (Mariko 2: 5; Luka 7: 47-49; Luka 1: 77),

ni igisobanuro cy‟umugani w‟umwana w‟ikirara (Luka 15: 11-32). Kubw‟imbabazi za se,

umwana utari ugikwiriye iryo zina yongeye kuba umwana imbere ya se. Yongeye kugira

uburenganzira bwo kwinjira mu nzu ya se, uburenganzira bwo kubaho.107

8.2.2 Ubutabera n’imbabazi kubw’ubwiyunge bwuzuye

Kugira ngo sosiyete nyafurika yo muri iki gihe cya none igire ubwiyunge bwuzuye imbere

y‟ibibazo by‟imibanire na politike biyugarije, ni ngombwa ko yemera kuba igikoresho

cy‟ubutabera n‟imbabazi Bibiliya ivuga. Kwibutsa kenshi umugani w‟umugaragu warimo

umwenda adashobora kwishyura byafasha abakristo gusobanukirwa uruhare rwo guharirwa

n‟ubuntu rukubiye mu mbabazi zishingiye ku z‟Imana bigomba guhabwa abazisaba.

107

J. J. Von Allmen, op. cit. p.216.

64


Imyifatire y‟ubutabera n‟imbabazi mu by‟imibanire na politike itanga icyerekezo gishya

gituma umurage w‟igihe gishize (inzangano, ubukene, ubwoba n‟ibindi) usimburwa n‟ejo

hazaza hatanga icyizere, ibyiringiro by‟imibanire igaragaza ubuvandimwe, ubufatanye.108

Kugira ngo dushobore gusobanukirwa neza uruhare rw‟iyo myifatire, turebe uruhare yagize

muri Afurika y‟epfo ndetse no mu Rwanda.

a) Ubutabera n’imbabazi muri Afurika y’epfo

Kugira ngo Afurika y‟epfo isohoke mu bihe by‟irondakoko, byagizwemo uruhare rukomeye

n‟amatsinda agamije amahoro ashingiye ku butumwa bwiza yari ayobowe n‟uwahoze ari

Prezida w‟icyo gihugu Nelisoni Mandela ndetse na Musenyeri Desimoni Tutu (Desmind

Tutu). Imikorere y‟ayo matsinda n‟ubuhamya bwayo, bimurukiwe na Yesu Kristo

biratugaragariza imyifatire ya gikristo igeza ku mibanire myiza n‟amahoro.

Nelisoni Mandela akiva muri gereza aho yari amaze imyaka igera kuri 25, yahise atangiza

Komisiyo yise “Ukuri n‟ubwiyunge”. Iyo komisiyo yagombaga gushyira ahagaragara

amahano yose yakozwe mu gihe cy‟ubutegetsi bushingiye ku irondakoko kandi

igashishikariza abayagizemo uruhare bose gusaba sosiyete y‟igihugu yakorewemo imbabazi.

Ibyo nibyo byashoboraga kwerekeza Afurika y‟epfo ku mahoro nyayo akeshwa ubutabera

buboneye. Nibyo A. Bosake (A. Boesak) avuga ashimangira uruhare rukomeye rw‟imbabazi

mu nzira y‟ ubwiyunge : “Gutanga imbabazi ntibyoroshye, kuzakira nabyo n‟uko. Ariko ibyo

ntibikwiriye kutubuza kumva ko imbabazi ari ngombwa. Ziramutse atari ngombwa, ubwo

n‟ubucuti ntibwabaho, ubuzima bw‟umuryango, ubwo mu kazi bwaburiwamo n‟inzika, bityo

ugasanga sosiyete irarangwa n‟urugomo no kutubahana. Ibikorwa bitabarika byerekana

imbabazi birakorwa umunsi ku wundi. Imbabazi si ukugendera ku marangamutima, si

ukwibagirwa, si ukwirengagiza ibintu, ni igikorwa kizana impinduka, gituma amakosa

yakozwe adasubira. Keneti Kawunda (Kenneth Kaunda) uvugwa mu nyandiko ya A. Bosake

yanditse ko imbabazi ari ubushake nyabwo bwo kwinjira mu buzima bushya, nta guhanga

amaso amakosa yakozwe cyangwa guheranwa no gushaka kwihorera. Imbabazi zitanga

uburyo bwo gutangira ikintu gishya, bityo igihe cyashize kigasimburwa n‟icyo abantu

barimo, ndetse n‟ikizaza cy‟ibyiringiro”.109

Uwo mugambi w‟ubutabera n‟imbabazi niwo

watumye sosiyete y‟Afurika y‟epfo ica imigozi y‟irondakoko no kwihorera.

b) Urugero rwa “Gacaca” muri sosiyete nyarwanda nyuma ya Jenoside

Jenoside yo muri 1994 mu Rwanda yaranzwe n‟ibikorwa bwa kinyamaswa, ibyo bikaba

byerekana ko umuco wo kudahana wari umaze igihe kirekire warahawe intebe mu gihugu

wari warahanaguye agaciro k‟imibanire myiza.110

Jenoside irangiye, ubuyobozi bw‟igihugu

bwagerageje inzira nyinshi kugira ngo bushobore kongera kubaka igihugu. Uretse gucyura

impunzi, gusubizaho inzego z‟ubutegetsi, iz‟ubucamanza, gusana amazu n‟ibindi, inzego 2

zashyizweho hagamijwe kunga umuryango nyarwanda wari warahindutse uw‟ubwicanyi

n‟inzangano: Komisiyo y‟ubumwe n‟ubwiyunge n‟inkiko gacaca.

108

D. Dushimimana, op.cit., p. 80. 109

A. Boesak, Reconciliation, a discussion document », (Irish inter-church meeting 193). 110

Th. Gatwa , op.cit., p. 267.

65


Intego y‟izo nzego 2 ni ukumenya ukuri ku byabaye byose muri Jenoside yo muri Mata 1994;

gukangurira abantu kwihana ibyo bakoze no kubisabira imbabazi, gukoresha ubutabera,

ubwiyunge bw‟abatuye igihugu.

Th.Gatwa agaragaza ko inkiko gacaca nk‟urwego rw‟ibanze hamwe n‟inama ku rwego

rw‟igihugu ihuza ibikorwa byazo ari bumwe mu buryo nyabwo bwo kungurana ibitekerezo

kugira ngo abanyarwanda ubwabo bikemurire ibibazo mu gihe gito, bavure imibanire muri

sosiyete yabo.111

Inkiko gacaca zatumye ukuri kuri Jenoside kujya ahagaragara binyujijwe mu

buhamya bw‟abaturage. Abahuguriwe kuyobora izo nkiko bicarana n‟abiciwe, ababiciye

ndetse n‟abaturanyi b‟ibyo byiciro byombi bagahana amakuru y‟uko ibintu byagenze, maze

bakanemereza hamwe ibikwiriye gukorwa kugira ngo ibyabaye bye kuzasubira, hategurwe

sosiyete nyarwanda y‟ejo hazaza irangwa n‟amahoro n‟ubutabera.

Ibibazo

1. Erekana ibintu 2 bigize imbabazi mu Isezerano Rishya.

2. Ni iyihe sano ubutabera, imbabazi n‟inzira y‟ubwiyunge byaba bifitanye?

3. Ni akahe kaga katerwa no kwitiranya imbabazi no kwibagirwa?

4. Garagaza ukuntu amahoro ashingiye ku butabera n‟imbabazi Bibiliya ivuga byafashije

Afurika y‟epfo gusohoka mu bibazo by‟irondakoko.

111

Op.cit., p. 268.

66



8.3 Itorero, ubwiyunge n’iterambere ry’Afurika Intego igamijwe:

Kugaragaza uruhare rw‟Itorero mu nzira y‟ubwiyunge n‟iterambere by‟Afurika

Ibice bisomwa:

Gutegeka kwa kabiri 17: 14-20 Yobu 1: 1-12 Malaki 3: 6-21

Luka 10: 21-37 Yohana 11: 1-44 Abefeso 6: 10-20

Ibyahishuwe 19: 1-21

8.3.1 Isano hagati y’ubwiyunge n’iterambere

Twabonye ko iterambere risohoza umurimo wo gucunga no gukomeza irema ry‟Imana

washinzwe umuntu (reba isomo rya 6). Nyamara mu mateka y‟agakiza, uwo murimo wo

kuvugurura ibyo Imana yaremye mbere ni uw‟Imana yonyine, niyo ubwayo ishobora

kuwutunganya uko bikwiriye. Amateka y‟agakiza yasohorejwe mu murimo w‟ubwiyunge

wakorewe mu gitambo cya Yesu Kristo ku musaraba.

Twebwe abantu, turarikiwe nta vangura iryo ari ryo ryose, kuzuza inshingano dufite kuri

bagenzi bacu no kuby‟Imana yaremye muri rusange. Uwo murimo ni ngombwa n‟ubwo

utoroshye gusohohozwa mu isi, aho usanga abantu barushaho gutwarwa n‟ubutunzi ndetse no

gutakaza umuco. N‟ubwo abakristo bakunze kwibagirwa bafite inshingano yo “gukora

abandi”, “kwinjira mu nzira y‟Ubwami twifuza, aho Yesu Kristo watangiye umurimo ari

nawe uzawusohoza”.112

Guhuza ubwiyunge n‟iterambere ni ugukurikiza inyigisho ya Yesu zerekana neza ko ubwami

bw‟Imana hagati muri twe. Ni ugusohoza ubuzima n‟ubugingo bisesuye ku bantu bose

(Yohana 10: 10b). Ibyo biradusaba kumvira umuhamagaro w‟Imana no gusohoza inshingano

zacu mu bwoko bwayo, gushaka uko twasobanukirwa neza umugambi w‟Imana mu mateka

y‟agakiza akubiye mu byanditswe byera. Ni muri urwo rwego, dukurikije imibereho

y‟Afurika muri iki gihe, Itorero n‟abizera twese muri rusange dukwiriye guharanira gusohoza

uko bikwiriye inshingano zacu no kugaragaza ubuhamya dutegerejweho.

8.3.2 Ubuhamya n’inshingano by’Itorero muri Afurika

Afurika ifatwa nk‟umugabane w‟akaga n‟urupfu, ariko kandi nk‟ahantu isi ishobora kubonera

ukuri k‟umugambi w‟Imana, Se wa Yesu Kristo kuva mbere hose. Twibutse ko Imana

umuremyi yiyerekeye abatuye isi mu rupfu rubi rw‟umwana wayo ku musaraba. Iryo niryo

shingiro ryo kwizera kwacu, ry‟ibyiringiro byacu by‟uko uko byamera kose isohozwa

ryuzuye ry‟ubwami bw‟Imana n‟ivugururwa ry‟ibyaremwe bigomba kubaho. Muri iki gihe

usanga isi yose ishaka kubaho no gukora kimwe, aho usanga Imana nk‟Umwami

w‟ibyaremwe n‟isi iterwa umugongo, ibyo bikaviramo bamwe kumva ko ari igihe

cy‟imperuka, Itorero ry‟abemera kandi bagahamya Yesu Kristo rihamagariwe gusuzuma

ubuhamya bwaryo n‟imirimo yaryo, kuko nibyo bigomba guhanagura iyo sura cyangwa se

kugaragaza ko hari ubundi buryo bwo kubaho, bwiza, butari ukwimura Imana.

112

J. Samuel Zoé Obianga, op. cit., p. 122.

67


Itorero ry‟Imana ntirikwiriye na rimwe guceceka cyangwa kurebera akaga kugarije isi,

kwangirika gukabije kw‟ibidukikije. Ritegerejweho guhamya rishize amanga kwizera Yesu

Kristo ushobora gukuraho akarengane kose. Muri ubwo buryo, Itorero muri Afurika rifite

inshingano zikurikira:

Kugaragaza ukuboko kw‟Imana mu bibazo byose sosiyete nyafurika yanyuzemo;

Kwicuza ko ntacyo ryamariye abarengana ndetse na Yesu Kristo ubwo ryifatanyaga

n‟ubutegetsi bubi;

Gushyira imbere ubwiyunge bw‟Imana n‟abatuye isi hamwe n‟ibyaremwe byose,

hagamijwe imibereho mishya;

Guharanira iterambere ryuzuye kubw‟ubuzima n‟ubugingo bisesuye.

Ibibazo

1. Garagaza isano iri hagati y‟ubwiyunge n‟iterambere muri Afurika muri iki gihe.

2. Ni ibihe bibazo bikuru Amatorero yo muri Afurika akwiriye kwihutira gukemura kugira

ngo habeho ubwiyunge muri sosiyete nyafurika?

3. Utekereza iki ku ruhare rw‟Itorero muri Afurika muby‟iterambere n‟ubwiyunge

By‟abatuy uwo mugabane kugeza ubu?

68


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2001.

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Documents

Umunsi wa mbere w’inyigisho - sehorana.e-monsite.comsehorana.e-monsite.com/medias/files/duhugurane-umwaka-wa-kabiri...1 S. Auroux, Les notions philosophiques, Dictionnaire, T 1,