Unit 4—Enlightenment & Revolutions

Mr. BarchettoMMW-Honors

England: Tudor Queens & Stuart Kings

Henry VIII Reading

The Tudors & Stuarts Genealogical Chart◦ Using Basic Skills

worksheet 18 and a partner study family tree and answer the questions.

◦ Review Answers

Elizabeth I Faced Many Challenges

Objectives How did Elizabeth settle

England’s religious problems?

Significance of Mary Stuart

Identify Phillip II & the Spanish Armada

Financial & Parliament Problems

How did Elizabeth settle England’s religious problems?

Elizabeth & The Church of England

Where does England’s religious problems stem from?

Significance of Mary Stuart

Mary Stuart Queen of the Scots

Who is Mary Stuart?What does she want?

What unfolds?

Who is Phillip II?

Phillip II & The Spanish Armada

Why is he upset?What does he want?What is the Spanish Armada?What is the result?

Why does Elizabeth have Financial problems?

Elizabeth: Financial & Parliament Problems

Why does Elizabeth have Parliament problems?

The Magna Carta (The Great Charter) 1215

On June 15, 1215, the barons of Medieval England confronted King John at Runnymede, and forced the king to put his seal on the Magna Carta.

King John had been an unpopular king who abused his power, oppressed his subjects

The barons wrote the Magna Carta, which contained 63 clauses promising all freemen access to courts and a fair trial, eliminating unfair fines and punishments, giving power to the Catholic Church in England, and addressing many lesser issues.

The Magna Carta was the source of many of the important ideas contained in founding documents of the United States, such as the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights.

Principle 

The Magna Carta (1215)

 

American Declaration of Independence

(1776) 

Rule of Law

 

Laws exist and all citizens must obey them. The king is not above the law. If the king breaks the law, his vassals can remove him from the throne. 

King George III has broken the laws and refused rights of colonists; the people therefore "throw off his government of tyranny and reestablish rights under the rule of law. 

Balance of

Power 

Even though the king is the nation's leader and authority, his vassals have both the right and the responsibility to check or limit his power. 

The king has demanded that some of his subjects give up the right of representation in legislature. 

Power of the Purse 

The king cannot levy any extra taxes "without the common consent of the realm." Without new taxes, the king cannot increase his army and overturn the balance of power by attacking his vassals. 

The king has imposed taxes on colonists without their consent. 

Security of Private

Property 

Things that do not belong to the king (land,tools) cannot be taken from their owners without their consent. This agreement not only preserves right of subjects to own property but also stops the king from becoming richer or more powerful by taking property from his subjects. 

The king has "plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burned our towns, destroyed the lives of our people." 

Limited Governm

ent 

There are limits to the powers of both the king and his barons. This idea relates to balance of power. 

Governments should protect the rights and liberties of citizens. The king has opposed citizens' rights, and liberties. A new nation must be formed to protect them. 

Due Process of Law

 

Someone who is accused of a crime cannot simply be condemned by the king or his sheriffs. There is a process for hearing both sides of the case and making a fair judgment. 

The king has refused to agree to laws related to justice; has made some judges dependent on his will. 

Judgment By One's

Peers 

This idea is the "seed" of our jury system, which guarantees that the guilt or innocence of a citizen accused of a crime will be decided by a jury of his or her peers. 

The king has deprived many colonial citizens of the benefits of trial by jury. 

The Model Parliament 1295AD

Open textbook and read pg.251-252

Then answer question four on page 254

England had a Civil WarTheory of the

divine right of kings:◦ According to James I

speech to Parliament how would you define the divine right of kings?

James I to Parliament in 1610:

The state of the monarchy is the supremest thing upon

earth: for kings are not only God’s lieutenants upon earth, and sit upon God’s throne, but even by god himself they are called gods. God has power to create or destroy, make or unmake, at his pleasure to give life or send death, to judge all and to be judged. And the like power have

kings: they make and unmake their subjects, they have

power of raising, and casting down; of life, and of death.

Timeline England’s Civil War Pt.1

1610-11

• James I• Problems

1626-27

• Charles I• Costly

Wars

1628

• Parliament• Petition

of Rights

1639

• Laud & The Scots

1642

• Cavaliers & Roundheads

Timeline England’s Civil War Pt.2

1646

• Cromwell’s• New Model Army

1649

• Charles Trial

Jan. 30, 1649

• Charles is Beheaded

• Significance?

1653

• A New Day• Cromwell’s Reign

1660-85 The Restoration

Charles II

Merry Monarch

Moderate Rulerhabeas corpus

Problems Religion

Problems Money

What leads to the formation of political parties in England?

Tories vs. Whigs

Tories

Whigs

James II & Charles II differences

James II events which cost him his throne

Mary and William of Orange

Glorious Revolution

William & Mary & Parliament’s relationship

Limits of Royal Power are established in what

The Glorious (Bloodless) Revolution

English Bill of Rights 1689Main provisions:

1. The King could not suspend the operation of laws.

2. The King could not interfere with the ordinary course of justice.

3. No taxes levied or standard army maintained in peacetime without Parliament’s consent.

4. Freedom of speech in Parliament.

5. Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently.

6. Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and freedom from excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment.

7. The monarch must be a Protestant.

8. Freedom from arbitrary arrest.9. Censorship of the press was

dropped.10. Religious toleration.

The

Eng

lish

See

saw

Looking at the following cartoon what political term will be used to describe the English government from 1689-onwards?

Political Ideas Born from Conflict

Thomas Hobbes◦ View on human

nature?◦ Leviathan◦ View on Absolute

Monarchy

John Locke◦ View on human

nature?◦ Treatises on

Government◦ View on Absolute

Monarchy

Did the English people have a right to rebel against Charles I in 1642 and against James II in 1688? Could a ruler lawfully be overthrown by his subjects?