What areas did What areas did Progressives think Progressives think

were in need of were in need of greatest reform?greatest reform?

Progressivism in the USProgressivism in the US

4 Main Goals4 Main Goals1.1. Protect Social WelfareProtect Social Welfare

2.2. Promote Moral ImprovementPromote Moral Improvement

3.3. Creating Economic ReformCreating Economic Reform

4.4. Fostering EfficiencyFostering Efficiency

Lets Start with African Lets Start with African AmericansAmericans

After Reconstruction governments After Reconstruction governments found ways to take rights awayfound ways to take rights away

1.1. Jim Crow Laws – Jim Crow Laws –

2.2. Poll Tax – Poll Tax –

3.3. Grandfather Clause – prior to 1866…Grandfather Clause – prior to 1866…

4.4. Literacy Tests - Literacy Tests - Why were these effective?Why were these effective?

Segregation became a reality. There were Jim Crow railroad cars, jury boxes and bibles, cemeteries, restaurants, parks, beaches, hospitals, etc.

Discrimination Continued

Racial EtiquetteRacial Etiquette Blacks and Whites never _______Blacks and Whites never _______ Blacks had to yield on ______Blacks had to yield on ______ Blacks had to remove their ___Blacks had to remove their ___

If you didn’t do these things this was the If you didn’t do these things this was the result…result…

Plessy v FergusonPlessy v Ferguson

1896 Court Case 1896 Court Case challenging segregationchallenging segregation

Homer Plessy – an AA Homer Plessy – an AA sat in the White section sat in the White section of a __________of a __________

Supreme Court said that Supreme Court said that this did not violate the this did not violate the ________________

Created the slogan of Created the slogan of “Separate but Equal”“Separate but Equal”

Two Different LeadersTwo Different LeadersBooker T WashingtonBooker T Washington

Believed racism would Believed racism would end when AA’s became end when AA’s became __________________

Founded the Founded the TTuskegee uskegee Institute – offered _____Institute – offered _____

Believed it would take Believed it would take TT____________

“No race can prosper till it learns that there

is as Much dignity in tilling

a field as in writing a poem.”

Two Different LeadersTwo Different Leaders

WEB DuBoisWEB DuBois 11stst AA to receive a AA to receive a

PhD from _______PhD from _______ Disagreed with Disagreed with

Booker wanted Booker wanted ______ inclusion into ______ inclusion into white societywhite society

Formed the _______ Formed the _______ movementmovement

One More Leader…One More Leader…

Ida B WellsIda B Wells Owned a newspaper Owned a newspaper

named named Free SpeechFree Speech Focal point of the Focal point of the

paper was ________paper was ________ What is that??What is that??

How did they solve the How did they solve the problems?problems?

YMCA – goals?YMCA – goals? Temperance and ProhibitionTemperance and Prohibition

WCTU- What did they do?WCTU- What did they do?

Muckrakers – exposed problemsMuckrakers – exposed problems The Jungle! – written by ______The Jungle! – written by ______

Exposed problems in the ________Exposed problems in the ________

MuckrakersMuckrakers Jacob Riis (How the Other Half Lives)Jacob Riis (How the Other Half Lives)

- evils of city life (plus photography)- evils of city life (plus photography) Upton Sinclair (The Jungle)Upton Sinclair (The Jungle)

- meat packing industry- meat packing industry Ida Tarbell (History of the Standard Oil Company)Ida Tarbell (History of the Standard Oil Company)

- unethical business practices- unethical business practices Lincoln Steffens (The Shame of Our Cities)Lincoln Steffens (The Shame of Our Cities)

- corruption of city governments- corruption of city governments Thomas NastThomas Nast

- political cartoonist (Coca-Cola Santa Claus)- political cartoonist (Coca-Cola Santa Claus)

- went after Boss Tweed- went after Boss Tweed

Susan B. _________ and Elizabeth Cady Stanton formed the National Women Suffrage Association - NWSA

By 1906 only __ states allowed

What did Roosevelt What did Roosevelt think government should think government should

do for citizens?do for citizens?

1919thth Amendment Amendment SuffragettesSuffragettes

Susan B AnthonySusan B Anthony Elizabeth Cady Elizabeth Cady

Stanton, Carrie Catt, Stanton, Carrie Catt, Alice PaulAlice Paul

NAWSA / NWPNAWSA / NWP Women finally get Women finally get

the right to vote!the right to vote! How did they do thisHow did they do this

11stst Went to ______ Went to ______ Attempted to _____Attempted to _____ Picketing where?Picketing where?

1919thth Amendment Amendment provides full suffrage provides full suffrage to women in all the to women in all the

states, 1920.states, 1920.

Election ReformsElection Reforms

Initiative (bill organized by the people)Initiative (bill organized by the people) Referendum (vote on the initiative)Referendum (vote on the initiative) Recall (enabled public officials to be removed Recall (enabled public officials to be removed

from office) from office) 1717thth Amendment (Direct election of senators) Amendment (Direct election of senators)

- popular vote vs. appointment by state - popular vote vs. appointment by state legislatures legislatures

The secret ballot prevents party bosses (and anyone else) from knowing how

people vote.

The initiative is bill that allows voters to organize a bill

In a referendum, voters vote on a bill

A direct primary allows voters, rather than party

leaders, to select candidates to run for office.

Progressives Reform the Political Process Progressives Reform the Political Process In Order to Reform SocietyIn Order to Reform Society

Historical significance: increases citizen Historical significance: increases citizen participation in government.participation in government.

Teddy RooseveltTeddy Roosevelt

Who is this guy?Who is this guy? Wealthy upbringing – Wealthy upbringing –

spent time in ____ & spent time in ____ & ________

Eventually came Eventually came back for politicsback for politics Police CommissionerPolice Commissioner Assistant Secretary of Assistant Secretary of

the Navythe Navy War hero in Spanish-War hero in Spanish-

American WarAmerican War

Teddy as PresidentTeddy as President

Teddy comes to powerTeddy comes to power Elected ____ of NY but some not happy – Elected ____ of NY but some not happy –

what do they do? – Whoops!what do they do? – Whoops!

Used presidency as a “Bully Pulpit” ?Used presidency as a “Bully Pulpit” ?

Roosevelt as PresidentRoosevelt as President

AA “Square Deal”“Square Deal” for the for the American PeopleAmerican People

Busting up Trusts – helped create _____Busting up Trusts – helped create _____ Acted as watchdogs just like…Acted as watchdogs just like…

Role during Anthracite Coal Strike…Role during Anthracite Coal Strike… Passed Mann Elkins Act / Hepburn ActPassed Mann Elkins Act / Hepburn Act

Regulated ______Regulated ______

After reading ____ passed the Meat After reading ____ passed the Meat Inspection and Pure Food and Drug ActInspection and Pure Food and Drug Act

Tree Hugging Teddy BearTree Hugging Teddy Bear John Muir convinced to declare 148 John Muir convinced to declare 148

million acres National Parks-more than million acres National Parks-more than any other presidentany other president

Strived for a balance between Strived for a balance between conservation and business…conservation and business…

Roosevelt never addressed __________Roosevelt never addressed __________ Booker T vs. WEB DuBoisBooker T vs. WEB DuBois Booker T invited the White HouseBooker T invited the White House DuBois started the _____DuBois started the _____

Roosevelt didn’t want to serve again so he picked Roosevelt didn’t want to serve again so he picked William Howard Taft – and took a trip to _____William Howard Taft – and took a trip to _____

- Roosevelt’s Secretary of War- Roosevelt’s Secretary of War

- Never wanted to become _________- Never wanted to become _________

- 340 lbs- 340 lbs

Progressivism Under Progressivism Under Taft-that would hurt!Taft-that would hurt!

Against _______ Election sloganAgainst _______ Election slogan ““Vote for Taft this time you can vote for Bryan Vote for Taft this time you can vote for Bryan

anytime”anytime”

PresidencyPresidency Angered Progressivist by signing Payne Aldrich Angered Progressivist by signing Payne Aldrich

Tariff—compromise on tariffsTariff—compromise on tariffs Angered conservationists – Sec. of Interior did Angered conservationists – Sec. of Interior did

what?what? He did break up ____ & get stuck…He did break up ____ & get stuck…

Election of 1912Election of 1912 Roosevelt back from Africa and mad!!Roosevelt back from Africa and mad!! Runs for 3Runs for 3rdrd Term under _______ Term under _______ Called Taft “a fathead” with the brain of a Called Taft “a fathead” with the brain of a

Guinea pig”Guinea pig” Taft said Roosevelt was “a dangerous egotist”Taft said Roosevelt was “a dangerous egotist” Wilson—Democrat offering new ideas – Gov Wilson—Democrat offering new ideas – Gov

of NJ and President of _____of NJ and President of _____ Results…Results…

OK Wilson’s Pres now OK Wilson’s Pres now what…what…

Wilson’s father and grandparents were ____Wilson’s father and grandparents were ____ Domestic Agenda was called New _______Domestic Agenda was called New _______

Supporting small business – creating opportunitiesSupporting small business – creating opportunities Underwood Tariff – doing _______Underwood Tariff – doing _______ 1616thth Amendment – creating _______ income tax Amendment – creating _______ income tax Federal Reserve Act – banks placed under control Federal Reserve Act – banks placed under control

of the Federal Reserve Board – which means?of the Federal Reserve Board – which means? Clayton Antitrust Act—didn’t allow what?Clayton Antitrust Act—didn’t allow what? FTC—setup as a “Watchdog”FTC—setup as a “Watchdog”

Progressivism Leaves…Progressivism Leaves…

““There’s no chance There’s no chance of progress and of progress and reform in an reform in an administration in administration in which war plays the which war plays the principle part”principle part”

Progressivisms LegacyProgressivisms Legacy

Political Changes – i______, r_______, Political Changes – i______, r_______, r______r______

1616thth, 17, 17thth,18,18thth,19,19thth Amendments – did what? Amendments – did what? Economy – All three anti ______ , Federal Economy – All three anti ______ , Federal

Reserve Board, FTCReserve Board, FTC Environmental Impacts – Environmental Impacts – Racism??Racism??