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TRANSPORT SYSTEMIN
INDIA.
INTRODUCTION…Transport in the Republic of
India is an important part of
the nation's economy.
Today in the country we have
a wide variety of modes of
transport by land, water and
air. Being a vast country India
needs efficient and cheap
transportation system
Better utilization of the backward areas linking with the advanced areas
For rapid industrialization & urbanization
For removing the scarcity of goods
Easy movement people and bringing them in contact with each other
Importance of transport
The nation has just 13 million cars on its roads which is just over 1% of the country’s population.
In addition only 10% of the Indian households own a motorcycle.
In India, public transport still remains the primary mode of transport.
Indian railways is the largest and fourth most heavily utilized system in the world.
WalkingPalanquinBullock carts and horse carriagesBicyclesHand-pulled rickshawsCycle rickshaws
TRADITIONAL MEANS
Modern transportation…
These are the major means of transportation now a days:
Railways
Road ways
Air ways
Water ways
Railways
Indian Railways is one of the largest railways under single management.
It carries some 18 million passengers and 2 million tons of freight a day and is one of the world’s largest employer.
The railways play a leading role in carrying passengers and cargo across India's vast territory.
The trains were introduced by the British in 1853.
The Indian railways improved a lot from then on to become the one of the longest railway networks in the world.
There are 16 railway zones in India.
There are almost 8000 railway stations in the country.
Zonal Railways Headquarters
Central Railway Mumbai CST
Eastern Railway Kolkata
Northern Railway New Delhi
North Eastern Railway Gorakhpur
North-East Frontier Railway Maligaon (Guwahati)
Southern Railway Chennai
South Central Railway Secunderabad
South Eastern Railway Kolkata
Western Railway Church Gate, Mumbai
East Central Railway Hajipur
East Coast Railway Bhubaneswar
North Central Railway Allahabad
North Western Railway Jaipur
South East Central Railway Bilaspur
South Western Railway Hubli
West Central Railway Jabalpur
The total route length of the railway network is 64,061 km (39,806 mi).
About 46% of the railway route is electrified.
The Indian railways uses 4 gauges: broad gauge, standard gauge, meter gauge, narrow gauge.
Notable trains and achievements…
There are two UNESCO World Heritage Sites on IR — the Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus and the Mountain railways of India.
The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, a narrow gauge railway in West Bengal.
The Nilgiri Mountain Railway, a meter gauge railway in the Nilgiri Hills in Tamil Nadu.
The Kalka-Shimla Railway, a narrow gauge railway in the Shivalik mountains in Himachal Pradesh
Road transport…
Roads are the dominant mode of transportation in India today.
They carry almost 90 percent of the country’s passenger traffic and 65 percent of its freight.
National highways0 The main roads constructed & maintained by the central
government0 It connects ports, state capitals, industrial and tourist centres0 It span about 67,000 km & handle 40% of total road traffic0National lanes have :
0 1.single lanes (width 3.25 m)0 2. multi lanes (each have width 3.5 m)0 3. 14% have 4 or more lanes & 59% have 2 lanes or double lanes0 4.rest 27% single laned
NHAI(National Highway Authority of India)
0 It was constituted in 1988
0 It is responsible for the development , maintenance and management of National Highways
0 It is currently undertaking developmental activities under (National Highways Development Project)
Golden quadrilateral
0 It is the largest express highway project in India
0 It consists of building 5,846km of 4 & 6 lane expressways connecting Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata & Chennai
0 It interconnects many cities & ports0 It give an impetus(importance) to
truck transport throughout in India0 It helps in the industrial growth of
small towns0 It helps in the transport of agricultural
produce from the hinterland to major cities and ports for export
0 The often uncharted areas beyond a coastal district or a river's banks.
0 An area surrounding a town or port and served by it.
ECONOMIC BENEFITS
hinterland
Type of Road Length
Expressways 200 km (120 mi)
National Highways 66,590 km (41,380 mi)
State Highways 131,899 km (81,958 mi)
Major District Roads 467,763 km (290,654 mi)
Rural and Other Roads 2,650,000 km (1,650,000 mi)
Total Length3,300,000 km (2,050,000 mi)
(Approx)
Statistics….
An expressway is a controlled-access highway; it is a highway that controls entrances to it and exits from it by incorporating the design of the slip roads for entry and exit into the design of the highway itself. Access-control should not be confused with collection of toll. An expressway may be free to use and may not collect toll at all. Expressways are the highest class of roads in the Indian Road Network. These are six or eight lane highways with controlled-access. India has approximately 942 km expressways.
Mumbai – Pune expressway
National Highway system of India consists of approximately 10,000 km (6,200 mi) of four-laned highways that collect toll from users but do not have control of access and cannot be called expressways. Currently, a massive project is underway to expand the highway network and the Government of India plans to add an additional 18,637 km (11,580 mi) of expressways to the network by the year 2022.[
Expressway Name Distance State
1 Western Freeway Mumbai
25.33 km (15.74 mi) Maharashtra
2 Eastern Freeway Mumbai
22 km (14 mi) Maharashtra
3 Mumbai Nashik Expressway 150 km (93 mi) Maharashtra
4Kundli ManesarPalwal Expressway(KMP)
135.6 km (84.3 mi) Haryana
5 Delhi Eastern Peripheral Expressway
135 km (84 mi) Uttar Pradesh/Haryana
6 Pathankot Ajmer Expressway 600 km (370 mi) Punjab/Rajasthan
7 Ganga Expressway 1,000 km (620 mi) Uttar Pradesh
•Under construction
Expressway NameDistance State
1 Ahmedabad Vadodara Expressway
95 km (59 mi) Gujarat
2 Mumbai-Pune Expressway 93 km (58 mi) Maharashtra
3 Jaipur-Kishangarh Expressway 90 km (56 mi) Rajastan
4 Allahabad Bypass 86 km (53 mi) Uttar Pradesh
5 Durgapur Expressway 65 km (40 mi) West Bengal
6 Chennai Bypass 32 km (20 mi) Tamil Nadu
7 Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway 28 km (17 mi) Delhi/Haryana
8 Noida-Greater Noida Expressway 24.53 km (15.24 mi) Delhi/Uttar Pradesh
9 Delhi Noida Direct Flyway 9.2 km (5.7 mi) Delhi/Uttar Pradesh
10 Hyderabad Elevated Expressways 11.6 km (7.2 mi) Andhra Pradesh
11 Hosur Road Elevated Expressway 9.985 km (6.204 mi) Karnataka
12 Kona Expressway 8 km (4.97 mi) West Bengal
13 Outer Ring Road (Hyderabad) 158 km (98 mi) Andhra Pradesh
14 Raipur-Bhilai-Durg Expressway 26 km (16 mi) Chhattisgarh
15 Yamuna Expressway 165 km (103 mi) Uttar Pradesh
16 Bangalore–Mysore Infrastructure Corridor
41 km (25 mi) Karnataka
Total 942.19 km (585.45 mi)
Mumbai Pune Expressway
AHMEDABAD-VADODARA EXPRESSWAY
A VIEW OF DELHI- GURGAON STRETCH OF NATIONAL HIGHWAY - 8 (NH-8). THE 8-LANE EXPRESSWAY CONNECTS
DELHI TO GURGAON AND IGIA
A SECTION OF THE GOLDEN QUADRILATERAL BETWEEN
BENGALURU AND CHENNAI
THE DELHI-NOIDA SECTION OF THE DELHI-NOIDA -GREATER NOIDA EXPRESSWAY
Click icon to add full page pictureAGRA -MATHURA
Click icon to add full page picture
DELHI.PANIPAT
BANGALORE-MYSORE
National Highway classification
Lanes Length (km)
Percentage
Single Lane / Intermediate lane
18,350 27%
Double lane 39,079 59%
Four Lane/Six lane/Eight Lane
9,325 14%
Total 66,754 100%
CAN BE CONSTRUCTED EVEN IN AREAS OF DIFFICULT TERRAIN
OFFER DOOR TO DOOR SERVICES
HELP FARMERS TO MOVE THEIR PERISHABLE GOODS
CHANCE OF PILFERAGE ARE LESSER THAN IN RAILWAYS
ADVANTAGES
Many roads are un surfaced not suitable for regular vehicular traffic
No proper maintenance
Multiple check post , toll tax which bring down the speed of traffic
Many roads have inadequate capacity
Disadvantages
Traffic on the roads of India is too high
Air transport
Air transportation… Air transport in India started between Allahabad & Naini (township in Allahabad) in 1911
Airport authority of India was established on April 1, 1995
The Air India, has become the 16th largest airline in asia, presently operates a fleet of 159 aircraft serves= 50 domestic & 39 international routes
The other airlines such as Kingfisher Airlines, Air India and Jet Airways are the most popular brands in domestic air travel in order of their market share.
Airport Authority Of India
0 It manages
0 Total 127 airports
0 Domestic = 86
0 International =11
0 Civil enclaves=29
0 A civil enclave is an area
allotted at an airport
belonging to the armed
forces, for the usage of civil
aircraft and civil aviation
related services
Cargo airlines :Blue Dart Aviation ltd is Operating scheduled cargo services inthe country
PAWAN HANS
0 SERVICES OPERATING
IN THE HILLY AREAS
IN THE NORTH-
EASTERN INDIA
These airlines connect more than 80 cities across India and also operate overseas routes after the liberalization of Indian aviation.
The rapid growth in the economy of India has made air travel more affordable now a days.
There are more than 335 civilian airports in India - 250 with paved runways and 96 with unpaved runways and more than 20 international airports in the Republic of India.
There are almost 220 airports
in India .these include all types
of airports.
Out of which 27 are
international airports.
Others include domestic
airports, air force based
airports and etc…
The market share of different airlines in India…
Advantages:It is the fastest mode of transport.
It is very useful in transporting goods and passengers to the area, which are not accessible by any other means.
It is the most convenient mode of transport during natural calamities.
It provides vital support to the national security and defence
..
0 Disadvantages:
0 ..It is relatively more expensive mode of transport. ..It is not suitable for transporting heavy and bulky goods... It is affected by adverse weather conditions...It is not suitable for short distance travel...In case of accidents, it results in heavy losses of goods, property and life.
Water transport…
Types of water transport….
Inland water transport: include rivers, canals , backwaters & creek (a small stream · Creek (tidal), an inlet of the
sea) that allows ships & boats to navigate
India has
Navigable waterways :around 14,500 kmNavigable by mechanized flat bottom vessels ….rivers ….canals
The Kerala backwaters are a chain of brackish lagoons and lakes lying parallel to the Arabian Sea coast (known as the Malabar Coast) of Kerala state in southern India.BACKWATER; water in a main river which is backed up(accumulated) by an obstruction such as dam
National waterways….Allahabad
Saidiya
Kollam
Bhadrachalam
Mangalgadi
IWAIInland waterways authority of India is the
authority in charge of the inland waterways
0Cargo transportation is organised
GOAKERALA
WEST BENGALASSAM
Major ports of India
Advantages:It is a relatively economical mode of transport
for bulky and heavy goods. It is a safe mode of transport with respect to
occurrence of accidents.The cost of maintaining and constructing routes
is very low most of them are naturally made.It promotes international trade.
Disadvantages(Constraints….)
Ships have to wait long for
berthing.
Dependent on weather conditions
Long travelling hours
Insufficient warehousing.
Tardy procedure.
Limited to areas where rivers and
oceans exist
