AWARENESS SEMINAR ON BASIC OCCUPATIONAL

SAFETY AND HEALTH

Walter C. Mejia/Reny De Jesus/Michael Gaspar

Safety Officers

At the end of this seminar, the participants must be able to identify the existing unsafe acts and unsafe conditions in their respective working areas.

The OSHC (Occupational Safety and Health Center) was established through Executive Order No. 307, signed by former President Corazon C. Aquino on Nov. 4, 1987.The OSHC fulfills its mission through research, training, information dissemination and technical services.

The OSHS (Occupational Safety and Health Standards) are the rules and regulations governing work safety and health.

The OSHC (Occupational Safety and Health Center) is a section under the DOLE (Department of Labor and Employment)

Unsafe Acts+Unsafe Conditions=Accidents/sickness/diseases/ illnesses /injuries/damage to

properties/death

Improper Attitude Lack of knowledge or skill Physical unsuitability Improper mechanical or physical environment

Rule 1060 OSHSPremises of establishmentsGood Housekeeping shall be maintained at all times through cleanliness of building, yards, machines, equipment, regular waste disposal, orderly arrangement of processes, operations, storage and filing of materials.

Seiri - Sort (Suriin) Seiton - Systematize (Sinupin)Seiso - Sweep (simutin)Seiketsu - Standardize (siguruhin)Shitsuke - Self-discipline (Sariling kusa)

SafetyEfficiency

Productivity improvementAbnormalities easily seenQuality improvementWorkers feel good in their second home

Company image: COMMUNITY MODEL

GOOD HOUSEKEEPING PREVENTS

ACCIDENTS!

MATERIAL HANDLING

Manual Mechanical

Special training needed for operators

Authorize handlers/operators

Physical strain/over exertion Falling load Collision Hits, cuts, blows Trapped between objects

Avoid placing materials on the floor. Save space by introducing multi-level racks Provide a cabinet for tools Use mobile storage.

Have at least two exits Properly illuminated Properly ventilated Restricted access

What is fire?

Fire is a chemical reaction between a flammable or combustible material (fuel) and oxygen.

HEAT+

FUEL+

OXYGEN =

FUELHEAT

OXYGEN

Class A - Ordinary combustiblesClass B - Flammable liquidsClass C - Electrical fireClass D - Combustible metals

For A Fire - water is the best extinguisher

For B Fire - a metal cover, wet cloth or blanket

For C Fire - the main switch is the first consideration

•Prevent the outbreak of fire•Provide for early detection•Prevent the spread of fire•Provide for prompt extinguishment•Provide for prompt and orderly evacuation

ShockBurnsFire

• Touching of live parts• Short circuit• Inadequate guarding• Overloading• Breaking of connections

•Disturbance to normal body functions•Burns on body tissues•Ventricular fibrillations•Death

EFFECTS TO THE BODY

Proper installation of electric circuit Insulation Grounding Fuse/circuit breaker Lock-out Tag-out Regular inspection and maintenance Use of PPE

Rotating Reciprocating Traversing

CuttingPunchingShearingBending

Moving parts Point of operation Power transmission

Preventing accessPreventing dangerous motion

Fixed enclosing guardsMovable guards or protection devicesProvision of information, instruction, training and supervisionPersonal protective equipment

Failure to stop equipmentFailure to disconnect from power sourceAccidental restarting of equipmentFailure to clear work areas before restarting.

A system designed to protect against the unexpected startup of machine that is supposed to be “OFF”.

Chemical Physical Biological Ergonomics

These arises from excessive airborne concentrations of:

Acids/mist Solvents/vapors Gases Dusts/particulates Heavy metals/fumes

These include…

BacteriaVirusFungiMoldsMicroorganisms

Posture (awkward posture, static posture) Forceful exertions Movement Environmental factors Workplace dimension Job design

Walk-through survey/ocular inspection Review of processes involved Knowing the raw materials used, products and

by-products Gathering of worker’s complaints Medical and safety records Performance report Absenteeism, turnover

Refers to the measurement and evaluation of the different stresses in the workplace to determine the extent of worker’s exposure to chemical substances like acids, organic solvents, gases, dust, heavy metals and physical factors like noise, heat, inadequate illumination and ventilation.

To monitor worker’s exposure to harmful substancesTo evaluate the effectiveness of environmental control measures adopted to improve the workplaceTo maintain favorable environment conditionsTo periodically check the environment through measurementTo predict harmfulness of new facilities, raw materials, production processes, and working methods

Determination of the magnitude or level of hazards with the use of equipment Analysis of samples Comparison of results of measurement with the standards

Lux Meter - illuminationPsychrometer - HumidityAnemometer - Air MovementSmoke Tester - Air DirectionGlobe Thermometer - HeatSound Level Meter - Noise

Decibels (dB) Examples

0 The quiet sound you can hear

30 Whisper, quiet library

60Normal conversation, sewing machine, typewriter

70 – 80 Television

90Lawnmower, shop tools, truck traffic (8 hours/day -max. exposure)

100 Chainsaw, pneumatic drill, snowmobile

115Sandblasting, loud rock concert, auto horn

140Gun muzzle blast, jet engine (causes pain)

Duration/day (hrs.)864321 ½1½¼ or less

Sound level (dB) 90 92 95 97100102105110115

Engineering ControlAdministrative ControlPersonal Protective Equipment

• Substitution of a less toxic material• Change in process to minimize contact with hazardous chemicals• Isolation or enclosure of a process or operation• Use of wet methods to reduce generation of dusts or other particulates• General ventilation• Local exhaust, including the use of fume hoods

Rotation of job assignments Adjust work schedules Work enlargement Rest breaks Training and education

1081 GENERAL PROVISIONS:

Every employer shall at his own expense furnish his workers with protective equipment for the eyes, face, hands and feet, protective shields and barriers whenever necessary by reasons of the hazardous nature of the process or environment, chemical or radiological or other mechanical irritants or hazards capable of causing injury or impairment in thefunction of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact.

1081.02 All protective equipment shall be of approved design and construction appropriate for the exposure and the work to be performed.1081.03 The employer shall be responsible for the adequacy and proper maintenance of personal protective equipment used in his workplace1081.04 No person shall be subjected or exposed to hazardous environmental condition without protection.

Hard Hat Bump Cap

«HAZARDS Impact Penetration Absorb shock Electrical

Safety Glasses/SpectaclesSafety GogglesFace Shield

«HAZARDSFlying particle

Sparks Light radiation Splashes Gases

Ear plugEar muffsCanal caps

«HAZARD Excessive noise

( Noise exceeding 85-90 dB or more on eight hour exposure )

Filtration respiratorAir-purifying respiratorAir-supplying respirator

«HAZARD

Mist SmokeVapors Fumes

Dust Sprays

Gases

GlovesHand padsSleeves

«HAZARDSPinch points Hot spots Extreme abrasions Sharp objects Electrical

Foot guards Safety shoes/boots Leggings

- HAZARDS Falling or rolling objects Sharp objects Hot surfaces Wet, slippery surfaces

Safety belts Safety Harness

ACUTE - high dose exposure

( ex. pesticide poisoning )

CHRONIC -low dose exposure

( ex. Lead poisoning, cancer from benzene )

Eye contactSkin contact

InhalationIngestion

Skin irritation Eye irritation

Central nervous systemKidneyLiver

CardiovascularLungs

EXPOSUREsmelter

welderbattery worker radiator repair

scrapers of lead paint

DizzinessVomitingHeadaches

Long - term effects of lead can cause paralysis of the legs or arms, and may damage the kidneys.

Blood examination of workers being exposed to lead Good local ventilation Appropriate personal protection A good safety and health program

Hazards include metal fumes coming from welding and the ultra-violet (UV) rays

from the electrode holder. Metal fumes affect the lungs and kidneys while the UV rays can cause blindness. Install appropriate ventilation Use a welding mask

Rest your eyes 10~15 minutes every hour and look at a distance for several minutes.To prevent eye problems, neck, shoulder, back and wrist pain, try to stretch your body while resting your eyes.A properly designed work area can effectively prevent body pains and increase productivity.

What are the Unsafe Acts and Unsafe Conditions can you identify in your workplace?