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Energy Storage Off Grid The role of Advanced Ba9eries in RAPS Bruce Ebzery 18 th Mar 2014

Bruce Ebzery, RedFlow - The role of advanced batteries in RAPS

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Bruce Ebzery, VP of Business Development, RedFlow delivered this presentation at the Remote Area Power Supply Conference. The conference brings together remote communities, mine sites and industrial operations and the renewable energy sector to outline the opportunities and barriers for solving off-grid energy challenges with renewable and hybrid energy solutions. For more information, please visit http://www.informa.com.au/remotepower

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Page 1: Bruce Ebzery, RedFlow - The role of advanced batteries in RAPS

Energy  Storage  Off  Grid  The  role  of  Advanced  Ba9eries  in  RAPS  

Bruce  Ebzery  

18th  Mar  2014  

Page 2: Bruce Ebzery, RedFlow - The role of advanced batteries in RAPS

RedFlow overview Demonstra2on  installa2ons  

Queensland  

  GCI  Centre  at  UoQ  (36  ZBMs)  

  The  University  of  Queensland  (24  ZBMs)  

USA  

  Sandia  NaNonal  Labs  (2  ZBMs)  

  DoD  Supplier  (16  ZBMs)  

  Global  Manufacturer  

Australasia  

  EMERSON  

Ownership  

  Widely  held,  approx  1,300    shareholders  (largest  at  15%)  

  Listed  in  Australia  (ASX:RFX)  

  42  staff    

Loca2ons  

  Albuquerque  (US  technical  services)  

  Mexico  (commercial  producNon)  

  Brisbane,  Australia  (IP  development  &  prototyping)  

One  of  the  world’s  first  packaged  flowing  electrolyte  baEeries  

  Primary  materials  are  plasNc.  

  Ultra  low  cost  with  maturity.  

  Over  600  produced  

Inverts  regular  baEery  concepts:  

a)  Start  with  zero  charge  and  store  energy;  and  

b)  Discharge  fully  to  100%  discharged.  

Electrical  performance  

  Charge  at  2  to  5  kW  (3  to  7  hours),  63  volts  nominal.  

  Discharge  at  1  to  5  kW  (2  to  10  hrs),  48  volt  nominal.  

  Moderate  round  trip  efficiency.  

  Tolerates  up  to  45oC.  

  Target  life  of  2000  plus  cycles  (full  cycles  =20MWh)    

Packaged  with:  

  Ba9ery  management  system  (Modbus®);  and  

  InstallaNon  and  OperaNng  Manuals.  

  Shipped  directly  from  Singapore  factory.  

Page 3: Bruce Ebzery, RedFlow - The role of advanced batteries in RAPS

Independent  Report’s  

Report  from  SANDIA  on  ZBM  supported  by  DOE  and  Sprint.  

Phase  2  Diesel  MinimisaNon  –  BCIL  Project  for  DoD  

Phase  3  Manufacturability  for  DoD  

3  

Page 4: Bruce Ebzery, RedFlow - The role of advanced batteries in RAPS

1.  Lead  acid  –  mature,  recent  advance  Ecoult  combines  tradiNonal  Ba9ery  and  Capacitor  a9ributes.  

2.  Li-­‐Ion  number  of  different  chemistry’s  and  suppliers  –  Kokam,  SAFT.  

3.  Sodium  Salt  -­‐  NRG,  FIAMM,  GE.    

4.  Flow  –  VRD,  Iron  Chromium,  Zinc  Bromine.    

A  number  of  ApplicaNons  

Off  grid  doesn’t  appear  as  a  single  use  on  Storage  applicaNon  charts  

Page 5: Bruce Ebzery, RedFlow - The role of advanced batteries in RAPS

1.  Lead  acid  tradiNonally  the  mainstay  as  a  ba9ery  technology  for  Off  Grid,  small  and  large  

2.  Diesel  and  Gas  fired  generaNon    3.  Solar  &  Wind  emerging.    

4.  The  need  to  examine  storage  due  to  the  heighten  role  of  Renewables.    

Page 6: Bruce Ebzery, RedFlow - The role of advanced batteries in RAPS

1.  TradiNonal  users  Mining  and  other  primary  producers  

2.  Military  -­‐  OPEX  

3.  Telco  –  OPEX,  security  of  supply  4.  Villages  –  UN  programs  “energy4all”    

5.  Fringe  of  grid  and  off  grid  UNliNes  –  Ergon,  Horizon,  Western  Power  etc  via  Distributed  GeneraNon  and  Micro  Grids  

Page 7: Bruce Ebzery, RedFlow - The role of advanced batteries in RAPS

•  When  does  RAPs  with  Storage  become  applicable?  

•  Two  greatest  determinates  are  Capital  Cost  and  Life  Cycles  

•  Hardest  evaluaNon  due  to  Apples  to  Apples    

•  What  is  meant  by  Cell  vs  System  data  

Page 8: Bruce Ebzery, RedFlow - The role of advanced batteries in RAPS

•  LCOE  –  Levelised  Cost  of  Ownership  

•  What  does  current  RAPS  generaNon  cost  –  varies  from  $0.70  -­‐  $2.40/kWh  dependent  on  locaNon  technology  etc  

•  Ba9eries  fills  the  gap  between  the  generator  and  use  variability  

•  Ba9ery  cost  simply    

•  Cost  $1000/kWh  

•  Cycles  1000  (100%)  

•  Cost  1  x  kWh  =  $1/kWh  +  energy  charge  

•  $1/kWh  is  the  usage  charge  to  pass  a  kWh  thru  the  ba9ery  (due  to  wearing  out  and  need  to  replace)  

•  Hence  need  to  be  wary  of  Cycle  Life  (In  System  configuraNon),  Depth  of  Discharge  (ba9ery  chemistry)  and  Efficiency  (whole  of  System%)  

Page 9: Bruce Ebzery, RedFlow - The role of advanced batteries in RAPS

•  Lithium  

•  11.2  kWh  ba9ery  $9000,  2500  Cycles  

•  Lead  Acid  

•  46  kWh  ba9ery  $15,000,  2500  Cycles    

•  Flow  Ba9ery  

•  8  kWh  ba9ery  $7000,  1500  Cycles  

•  Based  on  info  and  formula    

•  Lithium  

•  $0.45/kWh  (80%  DoD)  

•  Lead  Acid  

•  $0.87/kWh  (15%  DoD)  

•  Flow  Ba9ery  

•  $0.58/kWh  (100%  DoD)  

Page 10: Bruce Ebzery, RedFlow - The role of advanced batteries in RAPS

1.  Requirements  

•  ApplicaNon  needs  to  evolve  from  powering  cell  tower  to  powering  a  village  

•  Chemistry  is  an  issue  

•  IntegraNng  Renewables  

•  OEM’s  looking  for  advantages    

2.  Choices  currently  being  considered  VR,  Salt  and  ZnBr  also  Fuel  Cells  

Page 11: Bruce Ebzery, RedFlow - The role of advanced batteries in RAPS

1.  Difference  between  a  Loaded  and  Lightly  Loaded  Genset  

•  Red  Line,  loaded  genset  fuel  consumpNon  

•  Green  line,  lightly  load  

2.  Storage  is  needed  to  exploit  the  difference  

Page 12: Bruce Ebzery, RedFlow - The role of advanced batteries in RAPS

1.  Compelling  Financial  Case  

•  USD$2.65  -­‐  $3.96/  Litre  

•  One  injury  every  50  Convoys  

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Page 14: Bruce Ebzery, RedFlow - The role of advanced batteries in RAPS

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Energy  Safe  Victoria  Trial  5kW  PV  panel  

2  x  5kW  /  10kWh  ZBM  2kWh  LA  ba9eries  

7kVA  diesel  generator  Average  Australian  household  load  

Page 15: Bruce Ebzery, RedFlow - The role of advanced batteries in RAPS

  10  off-­‐grid  rural  sites    ResidenNal  loads    Diesel  generator    Solar  panels    RedFlow  hybrid  ZBM  

+  LA  ESS    RedFlow  EMS  

Page 16: Bruce Ebzery, RedFlow - The role of advanced batteries in RAPS

  Supply  household  loads  

  Maximise  value  to  customer  of  solar  generaNon  

  Minimise  diesel  generator  run-­‐Nme  

  Control  diesel  generator  operaNon  

  Store  surplus  energy  in  LA  and  ZBM  storage  

Page 17: Bruce Ebzery, RedFlow - The role of advanced batteries in RAPS

1.  The  household  loads  must  be  saNsfied  under  all  circumstances.  

2.  Power  will  first  come  from  solar  panels.  

3.  If  solar  is  not  sufficient,  the  ZBM  will  discharge.    If  generaNon  exceeds  load  consumpNon,  the  surplus  power  will  be  used  to  charge  the  ZBM.    

4.  If  generaNon  is  not  sufficient  and  the  ZBM  is  completely  depleted,  LA  ba9eries  will  discharge.      

5.  If  generaNon  is  not  sufficient  and  ZBM  and  LA  ba9eries  are  near  depleNon,  diesel  generator  will  start.    Diesel  power  will  first  supply  household  load  then  recharge  LA  ba9eries.  

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LA  SOC  Smoothing  due  to  ZB  Use  

LA  SOC   ZB  SOC   Diesel  Generator  OperaNon  (High  =  On,  Low  =  Off)   Solar  Exposure  (MJ/m2)  

High  Solar  days  correlate  to  low  diesel    runNme  days  

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Average  Diesel  Generator  Run  Time  (hrs/week)   Solar  Exposure  (MJ/m2)  

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Diesel  Generator  Run  Time  

Page 23: Bruce Ebzery, RedFlow - The role of advanced batteries in RAPS

  The  importance  of  informing  the  customer/parNcipant  prior  to  the  commencement  of  the  trial  of  realisNc  outcomes  to  expect  in  terms  of  solar  generaNon  and  diesel  generator  use.    Customers/parNcipants  should  also  be  made  aware  of  the  possible  changes  to  their  electricity  usage  behavior  that  may  be  required  in  order  for  the  RAPS  system  to  operate  most  effecNvely.  

  The  significant  effect  that  reduced  solar  exposure  during  winter,  as  well  as  poor  locaNons  of  solar  panels  during  installaNon  can  have  on  the  performance  of  the  enNre  RAPS  system.  

  The  need  for  a  diesel  generator  to  back-­‐up  the  solar  generaNon.  

  The  effecNveness  of  the  RAPS  system  in  greatly  reducing  the  diesel  run2me  of  each  generator  to  below  15%  of  the  Nme  for  most  sites.