IT’S A TEST!!!

The Twenty Statements Test

Task:

Write down twenty statements about yourself Write down twenty statements about yourself starting each statement with “I am…” starting each statement with “I am…”

Adolescence

Social Development (need to belong,

identity)

Social Development

Friendships become increasingly important.Friendships become increasingly important.

Girls tend to have a somewhat larger network Girls tend to have a somewhat larger network than boysthan boys

Networks tend to get smaller and more Networks tend to get smaller and more exclusive with age.exclusive with age.

Need to belong

Motive for forming friendships during Motive for forming friendships during adolescenceadolescence

Leads many pre-teens and teenagers to reject Leads many pre-teens and teenagers to reject parental influence and identify with peers parental influence and identify with peers adopting dress, speech style, overall style of adopting dress, speech style, overall style of their chosen peer grouptheir chosen peer group

Twenty Statements Test

The The Twenty Statements TestTwenty Statements Test (or TST) is an (or TST) is an instrument used to measure self concept.  instrument used to measure self concept. 

Devised in 1954 by Manfred Kuhn & Thomas McPartlandDevised in 1954 by Manfred Kuhn & Thomas McPartland

Kuhn (1960) has stated that responses to the twenty Kuhn (1960) has stated that responses to the twenty statements test should be grouped into five categories: statements test should be grouped into five categories: 1) Social groups and classifications 1) Social groups and classifications 2) Ideological beliefs 2) Ideological beliefs 3) Interests 3) Interests 4) Ambitions 4) Ambitions 5) Self-evaluations. 5) Self-evaluations. 

Social Groups and Classification

Age, Gender, Physical specification, Age, Gender, Physical specification, Educational level, Occupation, Sports, Arts, Educational level, Occupation, Sports, Arts, Language, Ethnicity/National origin, Race, Language, Ethnicity/National origin, Race, Human, Religious membership, Name, Me, Kin Human, Religious membership, Name, Me, Kin relations, Boyfriend/Girlfriend/Romantic, relations, Boyfriend/Girlfriend/Romantic, Friends, Other relations, Migration Friends, Other relations, Migration status/Residency, Sexuality, and Other status/Residency, Sexuality, and Other identitiesidentities

Ideological Beliefs

Religious, Philosophical, Moral, Cultural and Religious, Philosophical, Moral, Cultural and political, Beliefs about life, Beliefs about political, Beliefs about life, Beliefs about cosmos, Spiritual, and Other Beliefscosmos, Spiritual, and Other Beliefs

Interests

Sports, Arts, Hobbies and entertainment, Sports, Arts, Hobbies and entertainment, Social activities, School-related, Family, Social activities, School-related, Family, Friends, Boyfriend/Girlfriend/Romantic, Friends, Boyfriend/Girlfriend/Romantic, Animals, and Other interestsAnimals, and Other interests

Ambitions

Academic, Occupation, Social, Friendship, Academic, Occupation, Social, Friendship, Romantic, Financial, and Other ambitionsRomantic, Financial, and Other ambitions

Self Evaluations

Academic, Artistic, Appearance, Physical Academic, Artistic, Appearance, Physical abilities, Mental abilities, Unique qualities, abilities, Mental abilities, Unique qualities, Success-oriented abilities, Personality, Success-oriented abilities, Personality, Emotionality, Clinical psychological, Clinical Emotionality, Clinical psychological, Clinical physical, Social abilities/qualities, Relatedness physical, Social abilities/qualities, Relatedness to others, Habits, Self- aspirations, Fears, Past to others, Habits, Self- aspirations, Fears, Past achievements, Resources, and Other self-achievements, Resources, and Other self-evaluationevaluation

Identity Formation

Identity crisis – role confusion!Identity crisis – role confusion!

Adolescents adopt many different strategies to Adolescents adopt many different strategies to help resolve this crisis – try out many different help resolve this crisis – try out many different roles, join may different social groups.roles, join may different social groups.

They consider many possible social selves (diff. They consider many possible social selves (diff. kinds of persons they might potentially become)kinds of persons they might potentially become)

From this, they gradually piece together a From this, they gradually piece together a self-self-schemaschema, which remains fairly constant and serves , which remains fairly constant and serves as a guide for adolescents as a guide for adolescents

Bicultural Adolescents

Growing research suggests special problems in forming Growing research suggests special problems in forming a clear identity for those with immigrant parents or two a clear identity for those with immigrant parents or two different ethnic/cultural groups.different ethnic/cultural groups.

Coping technique 1 – Coping technique 1 – Alternation ModelAlternation Model: achieve : achieve separate identities in both cultures, then alternate separate identities in both cultures, then alternate between these depending on social situation.between these depending on social situation.

Coping technique 2 – Coping technique 2 – Identity fusionIdentity fusion: combine : combine different cultural identities into one.different cultural identities into one.

Third alternative – rejecting one to identify entirely with Third alternative – rejecting one to identify entirely with the other.the other.

Marcia (1991)

Suggests adolescents can be categorised in four Suggests adolescents can be categorised in four patterns:patterns:

1)1) Identity Achievement Identity Achievement – adolescents who have gone – adolescents who have gone through their identity crisis and made a commitment to through their identity crisis and made a commitment to one clear alternativeone clear alternative

2)2) Identity MoratoriumIdentity Moratorium– still searching for an identity – still searching for an identity

3)3) Identity Foreclosure Identity Foreclosure – chosen an identity suggested to – chosen an identity suggested to them by parents or authority figuresthem by parents or authority figures

4)4) Identity Diffusion Identity Diffusion – those who haven’t begun the – those who haven’t begun the process yetprocess yet