Survey of anatomy & physiology chap 5

TISSUES FROM CELLSTISSUES FROM CELLS

Cells are basic building blocks of the body

Similar cells are organized into tissues that perform similar

functions

Cells are basic building blocks of the body

Similar cells are organized into tissues that perform similar

functionsCELLS

TISSUES

ORGANS FROM ORGANS FROM TISSUESTISSUES

A combination of tissues designed

to perform a specific

function or several

functions is called an organ



function or several


ORGANS INTO ORGANS INTO SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

Organs that work together

to perform specific

activities, often with help of accessory

structures, form systems


to perform specific



TISSUES-FOUR TYPESTISSUES-FOUR TYPES

1

23

4

1-Epithelial Tissue1-Epithelial Tissue

Covers and lines much of body and also covers many of the parts found in body

Covers and lines much of body and also covers many of the parts found in body

1-Epithelial Tissue1-Epithelial Tissue

Cells are packed tightly together, forming a sheet that usually has no blood vessels in itCells are packed tightly together, forming a

sheet that usually has no blood vessels in it

1-EPITHELIAL CELL 1-EPITHELIAL CELL SHAPESSHAPES

a

bc

d

1-Epithelial Cell 1-Epithelial Cell ShapesShapes

1-Epithelial Cell 1-Epithelial Cell ShapesShapes

1-Epithelial Cell 1-Epithelial Cell ArrangementArrangement

a

b

c

Figure 5-1Types and locations of epithelial

tissues.

The PA/Instructor Asks:

A. StratifiedB. SimpleC. Pseudo-stratifiedD. Columnar

Membranes- Membranes- “Special” Epithelial “Special” Epithelial

CellsCellsSheet like

structures found throughout body

that perform special functions

andcan be classified as

organs

Sheet like structures found throughout body

that perform special functions

andcan be classified as

organs


CellsCellsEpithelial membranes possess a top layer of

epithelial tissue and bottom layer of

specialized connective tissue

Epithelial membranes possess a top layer of

epithelial tissue and bottom layer of

specialized connective tissue


CellsCells

a

b

c

Figure 5-2Location of serous and mucous

membranes.

2-Connective Tissue2-Connective Tissue

Figure 5-3Types and locations of

connective tissues.

Most common of tissues; found

scattered throughout body

Holds things together; provides

structure and support

Most common of tissues; found

scattered throughout body

Holds things together; provides

structure and support


Fine, delicate webs of loosely connected tissue or strong cordlike

structures similar to wire cables

Fine, delicate webs of loosely connected tissue or strong cordlike

structures similar to wire cables


Necessary for proper functioning of the bodyNecessary for proper

functioning of the body


Composed of DENSE connective tissue

Composed of DENSE connective tissue


Composed of DENSE connective tissue to form a protective barrierComposed of DENSE connective

tissue to form a protective barrier

Figure 5-4The synovial joint

This fluid greatly reduces friction when joints move

This fluid greatly reduces friction when joints move

Synovial Membrane &

Fluid

Important membrane found in spaces between bone joints; produces slippery substance called

synovial fluid

Important membrane found in spaces between bone joints; produces slippery substance called

synovial fluid

3-Muscle Tissue3-Muscle Tissue

Three types of tissue that provide means for movementThree types of tissue that provide means for movement

3-Muscle Tissue3-Muscle Tissue

This form of tissue has ability to shorten itself (contractility)This form of tissue has ability to shorten itself (contractility)

3a-Skeletal Muscle3a-Skeletal Muscle

Striped appearance or STRIATED and attached to

bones

Striped appearance or STRIATED and attached to

bones


Surrounds openings in body, such as mouth, where it controls

size of openingLong, fiber-like cells with many

nuclei in each cell

Surrounds openings in body, such as mouth, where it controls

size of openingLong, fiber-like cells with many

nuclei in each cell


Brain controls muscle contraction; because these muscles are controlled consciously, they are called

voluntary muscles

Brain controls muscle contraction; because these muscles are controlled consciously, they are called

voluntary muscles

3b-Cardiac Muscle3b-Cardiac Muscle

Found in the walls of the heart with interlocking cells that makes for more efficient

contraction

Found in the walls of the heart with interlocking cells that makes for more efficient

contraction

3b-Cardiac Muscle3b-Cardiac Muscle

Heart beats without our conscious control; muscle type considered

involuntary muscle

Heart beats without our conscious control; muscle type considered

involuntary muscle

3c-Smooth Muscles3c-Smooth Muscles

Forms walls of hollow organs,

such as in digestive system

(often called visceral tissue)

and blood vessels

Forms walls of hollow organs,

such as in digestive system

(often called visceral tissue)

and blood vessels

3c-Smooth Muscles3c-Smooth Muscles

Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles not controlled by

conscious thoughts

Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles not controlled by

conscious thoughts

Figure 5-5Labeled diagram and flowchart of

the three muscle tissue types

4-Nervous Tissue4-Nervous Tissue

Acts as rapid messenger service for body; messages can

cause actions to occur

Acts as rapid messenger service for body; messages can

cause actions to occur


Second type of nervous tissue cell that function

as support and connection cells

Second type of nervous tissue cell that function

as support and connection cells

Figure 5-6

The two main types of nerve cells.


Test Your Knowledge

ORGANS FROM ORGANS FROM TISSUESTISSUES



function or several




function or several


OrgansOrgans

Result of two or more types of tissues

organizing in such a way as to accomplish a task that the tissues cannot do on

their own

Result of two or more types of tissues

organizing in such a way as to accomplish a task that the tissues cannot do on

their own

OrgansOrgans

Some occur singly and some in pairsSome occur singly and some in pairs

The PA/Instructor Asks:

A. SpleenB. LiverC. HeartD. Lungs

ORGANS INTO ORGANS INTO SYSTEMSSYSTEMS


to perform specific




to perform specific



SystemsSystems

Each is interrelated,

often depending on one another for proper functioning

Each is interrelated,

often depending on one another for proper functioning

Systems of Human BodySystems of Human Body

Respiratory

Respiratory

Cardio-Vascula

r

Cardio-Vascula

r

Muscular

Lymph &

Immune

Integumentary

Integumentary

Nervous

Urinary

Urinary

Gastro Intestin

al

Gastro Intestin

al

Reproductive

Reproductive

Skeletal

Five SensesFive Senses

Smell

TasteHearing

Hearing

TouchTouch Sight

TAKE A BREAK

Functions:

Provides support and structure for body

Protects organs Provides movement Stores variety of minerals Produces blood cells

Skeletal SystemSkeletal System

Skeletal SystemSkeletal System

CartilageCartilage

BonesBones

JointsJoints

LigamentsLigaments

Figure 5-7

The skeletal system

206 Bones Total

80 Axial-bones of the torso and

skull

+126

Appendicular-bones in the

limbs and support bones

206 Bones Total

80 Axial-bones of the torso and

skull

+126

Appendicular-bones in the

limbs and support bones

Specialties-Skeleton

Orthopedics-study of skeleton joints, muscles, ligaments and muscles

Rheumatology-study of inflammation, pain and stiffness in muscles and

joints

Muscular SystemMuscular System

3 kinds of

Muscles

3 kinds of

Muscles

Muscular System-Muscular System-SkeletalSkeletal

Muscular System-Muscular System-CardiacCardiac

Muscular System-Muscular System-SmoothSmooth

Specialties-Muscular

Orthopedics-study of skeleton joints, muscles, ligaments and muscles

Rheumatology-study of inflammation, pain and stiffness in muscles and

joints

Figure 5-8

The muscular system

Integumentary Integumentary SystemSystem


Protects from

pathogens and

dehydration

Protects from

pathogens and

dehydration


Regulates body temp-

sweat, shiver,

blood vessel diameter change

Regulates body temp-

sweat, shiver,

blood vessel diameter change


Senses the outside

world-heat, cold, pain

and pressure

Senses the outside

world-heat, cold, pain

and pressure


Glands lubricate and waterproof the skin &

inhibit growth of unwanted bacteria

Glands lubricate and waterproof the skin &

inhibit growth of unwanted bacteria

Figure 5-9The integumentary system

Specialties-Skin

Dermatology-study of the skin

Sends and receives messages, stimulated by

body's internal and external environments, affecting how we perceive world and protecting us from harm

Sensations caused by stimulation of our sensory receptors

Nervous SystemNervous System



Nervous System-Nervous System-Sensory OrgansSensory Organs

Nervous System-Nervous System-3 functions3 functions

Figure 5-10

The nervous system

Nervous System-Nervous System-SpecialtiesSpecialties

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

Acts as control center for

virtually all of the body’s

organs

Acts as control center for

virtually all of the body’s

organs


Endocrine glands release chemicals (hormones) that are circulated via the cardiovascular

system, regulating the

body’s metabolic processes and

utilizing carbohydrates,

fats, and proteins for growth and production

Endocrine glands release chemicals (hormones) that are circulated via the cardiovascular

system, regulating the

body’s metabolic processes and

utilizing carbohydrates,

fats, and proteins for growth and production


Helps regulate fluid and

electrolyte balance

Helps cope with stresses produced by infection and

trauma

Helps regulate fluid and

electrolyte balance

Helps cope with stresses produced by infection and

trauma

Endocrine System-Endocrine System-main componentsmain components

Figure 5-11The endocrine system

Cardiovascular Cardiovascular SystemSystem

Also called the

circulatory system-main

transport system to

each cell of our body

Also called the

circulatory system-main

transport system to

each cell of our body


Water, oxygen, and a variety of nutrients and

other substances

necessary for life are

transported to cells, while

waste products removed from

cells

Water, oxygen, and a variety of nutrients and

other substances

necessary for life are

transported to cells, while

waste products removed from

cells


Figure 5-12The cardiovascular system.

Respiratory SystemRespiratory System

Supplies cells with fresh

oxygen and removes carbon dioxide without

conscious effort

Supplies cells with fresh

oxygen and removes carbon dioxide without

conscious effort


Filters, warms and moistens air we breathe and inhale

Filters, warms and moistens air we breathe and inhale


Mucous lining of the airway

helps trap foreign

particles and germs

Mucous lining of the airway

helps trap foreign

particles and germs


System helps maintain proper acid base balance of blood

System helps maintain proper acid base balance of blood

Figure 5-13The respiratory system

Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System

Responsible for helping the

body to maintain

proper fluid balance and protect it

from infection

Responsible for helping the

body to maintain

proper fluid balance and protect it

from infection


Special structures,

called lymph nodes, act as filters to

capture unwanted infectious

agents

Special structures,

called lymph nodes, act as filters to

capture unwanted infectious

agents


Produces specialized infection-fighting white blood cells called lymphocytes

Figure 5-14The lymphatic system

Major parts of system: lymph vessels, lymph ducts, lymph

nodes, thymus gland, tonsils,

and spleen

Gastrointestinal Gastrointestinal (Digestive)System(Digestive)System

Often called GI system; breaks down raw materials (food), both mechanically and chemically, into usable

substances

Often called GI system; breaks down raw materials (food), both mechanically and chemically, into usable

substances

Gastrointestinal Gastrointestinal (Digestive)System(Digestive)System

Absorbs substances for transportation

Absorbs substances for transportation

Gastrointestinal Gastrointestinal SystemSystem

Transports waste

(produced by unused

materials) out of the body

Gastrointestinal Gastrointestinal System-Main PartsSystem-Main Parts

Figure 5-15The digestive system.

Includes the liver, gallbladder, pancreas and salivary glands

Figure 5-16

This is an example of an individual with a body

image problem in which her self-perception is of

being overweight.

Distorted Body ImageDistorted Body Image

Plays important role in

elimination of waste products, electrolytes,

drugs, and other toxins, as well as excessive water

Urinary SystemUrinary System


Water regulation, blood

pressure regulation,

regulation of red blood cells, electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance

Water regulation, blood

pressure regulation,

regulation of red blood cells, electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance


Figure 5-17The male and female

urinary systems

Often combined with urinary system to make

genitourinary system, or GU system Purpose is to make new humans

Reproductive SystemReproductive System

Figure 5-18The male and female reproductive systems.

Main female parts of system: ovaries,

eggs, fallopian tubes, uterus, and

vagina Main male parts of

system: testes, sperm, and penis

Main female parts of system: ovaries,

eggs, fallopian tubes, uterus, and

vagina Main male parts of

system: testes, sperm, and penis

Test Your Knowledge

Case Study

Anatomy Quiz

Technology

Survey of anatomy & physiology chap 5