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Environment: Abiotic Factors: non-living factors
(rocks, air, sun, water)
Biotic Factors: Living factors (plants, animals)
Ecological Organization: Species: one type of living thing Population: a group of a species Community: all the populations in an area Ecosystem: the community and the
physical environment Biosphere: the earth
Heterotrophs: Organisms that must eat to get energy (animals)
Herbivores: eat plants Carnivores: eat animals Omnivores: eat both plants and animals Scavengers: eat dead animals Decomposers: eat dead material/ recycles
nutrients
Finite resources: Limited resources.
Limiting factors: any factor that limits population growth. (lack of food, water, space…)
Organism relationships Symbiosis: organisms that live and depend
on another organism to live. Commensalism: One benefits, one is neutral
Mutualism: Both benefit
Parasitism: One benefits, one is harmed.
Energy Flow Energy flow: All energy comes from the
sun. Plants turn it into food, animals eat plants, animals eat animals…
Only about 10% of energy gets passed on to the next organism. 90% gets used up by movement, growth, heat, etc.
Food Web: Several interacting food chains. Producers: = autotrophs = plants Consumers: = heterotrophs = eat the food Decomposers: break down food
Ecological Succesion: The process by which an existing
community is slowly replaced by another community.
Primary Succession: starts with rocks Secondary Succession: after a disaster,
starts with dirt.
Human Impact Renewable resources:
Trees, food
Non-renewable resources: Coal, oil, natural gas, metals
Water Pollution From: garbage, waste from factories,
increase water temperature Problems: chemicals are toxic to animals,
heat decreases the amount of oxygen in the water.
Nitrates: from sewage… too much algae growth reduces oxygen levels
Biodiversity Creates a more stable ecosystem. More food options for organisms More potential cures for diseases
Biological Magnification Poison becomes more concentrated in
animals as you go higher in the food chain.
Exotic Species Foreign plants and animals
Take food, nests, and other resources from native plants and animals.
Have no predators so population levels are uncontrolled.
Greenhouse Effect vs. Global Warming Greenhouse effect = good
Our atmosphere traps heat so we don’t freeze at night
Global warming = bad Increased amounts of greenhouse gasses
(CO2, H2O, CH4) trap more heat and increase the global temp.
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