Growth and Sectionalism

Growth and SectionalismStandard 2:The student will demonstrate

an understanding of how economic developments and the westward movement impacted regional differences and democracy in the early nineteenth century.

Land acquisitions, motivations, railroadsMonroe Doctrine, Texas, Mexican WarRegional economic development

New Inventions – Items & IdeasDivided the country by Sections: Sectionalism1. South and West – Agrarian – “King Cotton” The demand for cotton led to a westward land rush and the need for more slave labor

2. Northeast – Textile Mills – cotton was being sent north to either be manufactured there or sent to Europe (rapid growth industry)

3. Western frontier was growing – desire for land.

Industrial Revolution1. Started in England – they were very

competitive – they wouldn’t let you leave the country if you were a mechanic – factory blue prints were also not allowed to leave the country

2. Began in textiles

New Inventions1. Cotton Gin – Eli Whitney - easy to

use and simple to copy – cut work time 2. Steel Plow – John Deere 3. Mechanical Reaper – Cyrus McCormick 4. Telegraph – Samuel F. B. Morse

New Inventions

Samuel Slater – Brought the textile industry to the US (a mechanic that pretended to be a farmer to get out of the country and he had memorized the textile blue prints)

Steamboat – 1807 Robert Fulton

Samuel Morse and the telegraphhttp://morsecode.scphillips.com/jtranslator.

html

Mechanical Reaperby Cyrus McCormick

“King Cotton”

John Deere’s

Steel Plow

Barbed Wire

Erie Canal – 1825 http://www.eriecanalvillage.net/pages/song.html

Railroad – RR’s pushed westward bringing Irish and Chinese to build the Transcontinental RR – Henry Bessemer of the “Bessemer Process” turned iron into steel

Erie Canal

Erie Canal

Early RailroadsBy the 1830s they began to take the place

of canals and stagecoach

Innovations during Jacksonian Era

The Jackson Era

• He was the first president to ride on a railroad train, the first to be born in a log cabin and the first president to be nominated by a political party.

• He survived the first attempt to assassinate a president.

• He is known historically for creating a strong executive branch.

• At age 13, while serving in the army, he was captured by the British. The British officer in charge ordered Jackson to clean his boots. Jackson refused; the officer struck him with his sword, leaving Jackson's face and hand permanently scarred

Andrew Jackson

Andrew Jackson’s PresidencyElection of 1828

1st Democrat as President 1st President from west of

Appalachian Mts. (from a poor family / self made)

1st election that involved types of entertainment (parades, rallies)

Lots of mud slinging – messy campaign

Andrew Jackson’s Presidency:

Election of 1828 (continued) Jackson was a “man of the people”

or “King Mob.” He extended voting rights to

middle class and poor Jackson angry about the 1824

election, he resented the wealthy and didn’t trust politicians and he blamed them for his wife’s death.

Jackson used the “spoils system” – he replaced people in Washington with his friends and party members (patronage)

He also used his “Kitchen Cabinet” who were his friends for advisors instead of his real cabinet

Jackson as the “Great Father”

Jackson’s Indian Removal Act 1830 Jackson forced tribes off their land promising them

western land. Ex. “Trail of Tears” – mostly Cherokee forced from southeast to Oklahoma; 4,000 out of 17,000 died.

Resisted: Black Hawk War Seminole War (Osceola)• The Indian Removal Act went against the Supreme

Court• The removal of Indians from their land continued into

the late 1800’s causing constant strife. It was further fueled by the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad.

Trail of Tears

Freedom of Economic Opportunity

1. Immigrants, especially Irish were attracted to the Democratic Party

2. Jackson pushed to open more Western land which created more problems with the Indians.

Jackson and the Power of the Federal Government

Federal Power vs. State’s Rights “Tariff of Abominations” 1828 – the

federal government put a tax on imports encouraging people to buy U.S. goods

This made cheap British goods unavailable to the South – forcing the South to buy more expensive Northern goods

Jackson and the Power of the Federal Government

John C. Calhoun (Jackson’s V.P.) from S.C. anonymously wrote the Nullification Theory – stating S.C. could reject a federal law if it is not in the best interest of the state.

-1832 Election – Calhoun was dropped as V.P. under Jackson

S.C. threatened to secede – (Withdraw from the Union)

Jackson was furious and passed the “Force Bill” authorizing the military to use force if S.C. resisted (a new compromise stopped possible war)

The Texas RevolutionStephen Austin – formed a colony on Mexican

territory – By 1830, over 20,000 US settlers were in the territory

Cultural differences arise: - Anglos spoke English NOT Spanish - Anglos were Protestant, Mexico was Catholic - Southerners were bringing slaves and Mexico

had outlawed slavery.*** Rebellions break out; the Texas Revolution

begins (1835)

Texas Territory

The Texas Revolution

Jim Bowie

Davy Crockett and William Barrett Travis

The Alamo

In 1836, Santa Anna attacked the Alamo killing all the US defenders including Jim Bowie, Davy Crockett and William Barrett Travis.

Sam Houston led an attack capturing Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto. His rally cry:“REMEMBER THE ALAMO!”

Texas Flag“Lone Star Republic”

Treaty of Velasco – granted Texas it’s independence

and Houston was elected President of

the Lone Star Republic

The South wanted to annex Texas and expand slavery, the North did not

James K. Polk was elected in 1844 and pushed for gaining Texas (1845) and war with Mexico in hopes of gaining more land.

Mexican War: 1846 to 1848

Mex. Attacks after U.S. annexed the Republic of Texas

Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo (1848) ends the war with Mexico who cedes western lands to the US ($15 million)

Oregon TerritoryPresident Polk- 1846An agreement with Great BritainExtends boundary to current line with

Canada

Gadsden Purchase – set current borders for the continental US

1849 California GOLD RUSH!! – mass migration of all types looking for gold (Forty-niners)

1850 – California becomes a state and outlaws

slavery

Gadsden Purchase

More Reasons to GO WEST!RELIGIOUS – MORMONS flee religious

persecution; Brigham Young leads them to Utah (Salt Lake City)

Govt. Support – (1862) HOMESTEAD ACT – offers 160 acres free to settle

EX. Oklahoma Land Rush- “Sooners” about 50,000 participate

(1862) Morrill Act – grants funding to agricultural & mechanical colleges

Oklahoma Land Races

Sod Houses

Sod House