Unit 5: Nationalism, Unit 5: Nationalism, Sectionalism, and Economic Sectionalism, and Economic

GrowthGrowth

SOL VA. US. 6a-dSOL VA. US. 6a-d

Nationalism:Love for one’s country

Sectionalism: Love for one’s region or section of a country

Following the War of 1812, Americans had a sense of national pride

Era of Good Feelings

James Monroe: 5th President

Political & Economic Nationalism Develops

Political NationalismPolitical NationalismMarshall Court

Strengthen National Government

Goal:

Marshall Court Decisions

McCulloch v. Maryland: Can States tax National Programs?

National Bank

1) States cannot tax the national government

Reinforced the doctrine of implied powers

2) National Bank was legal

National Government over State Governments

Gibbons v. Ogden

A: National government controls interstate commerce (trade)

Q: Who has the power to regulate navigation?

NY State gives steamboat ferry monopoly to Ogden

Political: Foreign Policy

Nationalist Goals:

Expand & secure borders

Establish presence in world affairs

Adams – Onis Treaty

Spain agreed to give up Florida to the United States

Monroe Doctrine

America warns Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere

Economic Nationalism:

Goal:To strengthen the American economy

How?

National Bank

Protective Tariffs

Improved Transportation

Henry Clay: “American System”

National Bank

Provide low interest loans to expand business & industry

Re-chartered in 1816: By Republicans

Tax on imports

Allows American businesses to grow

Protective Tariff

Improved Transportation:

Allows people and goods to move throughout the country faster

Internal Improvements Bill vetoed by James Madison & James Monroe

Canals Roads

Economic Nationalism leads to Economic Nationalism leads to Sectional SpecializationSectional Specialization

The United States was growing:

The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 doubled the size of the United States

Each section develops own unique economy

Industrialization Industrialization NortheastNortheast

Factory System expands:

Samuel Slater: “Father of the Factory System” Machine: “Spinning Jenny”

Factors that lead to industrialization:

- Rivers and streams - Capital resources

- Large labor supply

- Poor agricultural conditions

Lowell SystemLowell System

“Factory Girls”

New England becomes the center of textile production

All in one production facility

Plantation Agriculture Plantation Agriculture SouthSouth

The Cotton GinThe Cotton Gin

IncreasedIncreased– ProductivityProductivity

– # of Plantations# of Plantations

– Cash-Crop Cash-Crop EconomyEconomy

– ““King Cotton”

Diversified Farming Diversified Farming WestWest

Fertile farmland in Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys

- Attracts people from the east and Europe

Small farms give way to specialized farms

Wheat:

- Northern Plains

Corn and Livestock:

-Ohio River Valley

Tobacco:

- Kentucky

Northeastern Needs:

Southern Cotton Western food

Southern Needs:

Northern Manufactured Goods

Western Food

Western Needs:

Northern Manufactured Goods

Demands of the National Economy promotes the “Transportation Revolution”

Roads

Canals

TrainsSteamboats

Turnpikes (Toll Roads):

- Built by private companies from 1800 -1825

- Cumberland Road: Allowed wagon traffic from the seaboard to the Ohio River Valley

Opened in 1825

- Linked New York City with New Orleans

“Clinton’s Big Ditch”Erie Canal

Steamboats: Faster river travel

Trains:

Most important change of the Transportation Revolution

Fast, Reliable, and cheaper than canals

The Transportation Revolution led to the development of the National Economy

North

West

South

InventionsInventionsEli Whitney:

Cotton Gin: removed seeds from cotton fiber

Interchangeable Parts:

Provides the mills with large quantities of cotton to turn into cloth

Mass production of machine equipment

John Deere & the Steel PlowJohn Deere & the Steel Plow

Cyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper

Cyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper

Samuel F. B. MorseSamuel F. B. Morse

1840 – Telegraph1840 – Telegraph

Elias Howe & Isaac SingerElias Howe & Isaac Singer

1840sSewing Machine

1840sSewing Machine

Robert Fulton & the SteamboatRobert Fulton

& the Steamboat

The ClermontThe Clermont

American Population Centers in 1820

American Population Centers in 1820

American Population Centers in 1860

American Population Centers in 1860

Transportation Revolution led to the spreading of American Population

POTENTIAL POTENTIAL EXPANSION EXPANSION PROBLEMPROBLEM

SLAVERY

Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise (1820)(1820)

Missouri applies for statehood in 1819

Senate: 11 free states & 11 slave states

The CompromiseThe Compromise

Missouri enters Union Missouri enters Union as a slave stateas a slave stateMaine enters Union Maine enters Union as a free stateas a free stateA line is drawn at 36/30 Above it = FreeBelow it = SlaveCompromise Created by Henry Clay

Henry ClayHenry Clay[KY][KY]

John Quincy John Quincy AdamsAdams[MA][MA]

William H. William H. CrawfordCrawford

[GA][GA]

Andrew Jackson

[TN}

1824 Presidential Election

Results of the 1824 ElectionResults of the 1824 ElectionResults of the 1824 ElectionResults of the 1824 Election

A A “Corrupt “Corrupt Bargain?Bargain?

””

A A “Corrupt “Corrupt Bargain?Bargain?

””

1828 Election Results1828 Election Results1828 Election Results1828 Election Results

Voting Requirements in the Voting Requirements in the Early 19cEarly 19c

Voting Requirements in the Voting Requirements in the Early 19cEarly 19c

Impact of decreasing property ownership requirements?

More “common people” can vote

Voter Turnout: 1820 - Voter Turnout: 1820 - 18601860

Voter Turnout: 1820 - Voter Turnout: 1820 - 18601860