The Cold War. Cold War The state of tension and hostility between nations aligned with the United...

The Cold War

Cold War

The state of tension and hostility between nations aligned with the United States and the Soviet Union (Bipolarity)

Concepts of the Cold War

Mirror Image

The tendency of states and people in competition to perceive each others

similarly

Iron Curtain• Yalta & Potsdam

– Eastern European countries were given to the Soviet

• Term to describe the ideological conflict and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas

• Division of Europe– West : Democratic– East :Communist

Commuist Puppet governments Eastern Europe

Satellite Nations:

Containment

U.S. policy and goal to prevent the spread of communism abroad

[George Kennan]

Domino Theory If one state in a region came under the

influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow

Arms Race

competition between two or more parties to have the best armed forces (and weapons).

National Defense Budget [1940-1964]

NSC-68 :A significant increase in military spending to contain Communism.

Brinkmanship – Tactic of seeming to approach the verge of war in order to persuade one's opposition to retreat

Cold War Concept Book

Cold War; Mirror Image; Iron Curtain; Containment; Domino Theory; Arms race; Satellite Nations, Brinksmanship

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Everyday example

Cold War; Mirror Image; Iron Curtain; Containment; Domino Theory; Satellite Nations; Arms race; Brinksmanship

The Cold War

The state of tension and hostility between nations aligned with the United States and the Soviet

Union

When two parties fight via others. No direct conflict

Divorced parents using their children as leverage.Two friends do not like each others. Instead of fighting directly, they try to get their friends on their side.

The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle

Soviet & Eastern Bloc

Nations

US & the Western

Democracies

GOAL spread world-wide Communism

1.Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]

2.Arms Race [nuclear escalation]

3.Ideological Competition of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy] “proxy wars”

4.Alliances in Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

UH OH …

MOVIE TIME!!!!!!!!

OMG!!!

THE DOT GAME

1) Receive a piece of paper

2) NO SHOW & NO TELL!

3) Goal: get in to groups

4) Goal: group with no dot

5) 1 person = 1 point

6) Group HAS to be more than 2 people

Court Cases• Alger Hiss

• Julius and Ethel Rosenberg– Accused of being Communist spies

• Espionage and treason

– Tried, convicted, and executed

Senator Joseph McCarthy

McCarthyism• Chairman senate

subcommittee • Accused thousands!

– Democrats– Gov. Officials– Union– Hollywood

• Damaged reputations• Empty charges• Witch Hunt!

Anna Chapman

NSA Leak

Edward Snowden •Disclosed thousands of classified documents to several media outlets•Numerous global surveillance programs, many of them run by the NSA and the Five Eyes•Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States of America

Hydrogen Bomb

What happened to Europe???

NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization Defense Alliance

Warsaw Pact

Collective defense treaty among eight communist states

• Marshall Plan – economic aid to any country that supported democracy – West Europe

• Molotov Plan – USSR economic aid to Eastern European countries

Truman Doctrine •Sent military aid and money to Turkey and Greece•Fight against communism •Nuclear weapons

Quick Discussion

• What happened to Europe as a result of the Cold War?

• What do you think happened to Germany after WWII?

• Why was the treaty of Versailles so ineffective? What did it force Germany to do?

Berlin Blockade Berlin Airlift – US response to Stalin’s Berlin Blockade

The Berlin Wall

• Berlin was split into democratic West and communist East after WWII.

• In the 1950s, West Berlin became an example of prosperity. As a result, East Germans, unhappy with communism, fled to West Berlin.

• To stop people from leaving, East Germany built a huge concrete wall, with barbed wire and patrolled by guards.

Berlin Wall – Divided East and West Berlin

OA 2Berlin Wall Fortifications

Watch the video and list the fortifications of the Berlin Wall

Arms Race

• The United States and Soviet Union engaged in a race to outproduce the other in nuclear weaponry – Inter Continental Ballistic Missiles

• Both sides achieved “Mutually Assured Destruction”

• American and Soviet arms agreements led to an era of “Detente” or relaxing of tensions during the 1970s

• In 1968, many nations signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. These nations agreed not to develop nuclear weapons.

OA 3 (521)

1) What happened to China during world war II?

2) What happened in China after Japan’s defeat?

3) Who was the communist revolutionary leader in China?

4) How did the Communists win in China?

Mao and Chiang

During WWII, the Nationalists and Communists put aside their difference and worked together to fight their common enemy, Imperial Japan

Reasons for the Communists’ Success

• Mao won support of peasants and women

• Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics

• Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt

• Many felt that the Nationalists allowed foreigners to dominate China.

People’s Republic of China

• Mao and his communists forces were able to defeat the Nationalists.

• In 1949, Communists established the People’s Republic of China.

• Mao Zedong became the first chairman (leader) of the Communist Party.

• Chiang Kai Shek and the Goumindang were defeated. They fled the PRC and established its own government in what is today known as Taiwan (Republic of China)

• Chiang became the President/Dictator of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975.

• Taiwan still has a close relationship with the U.S. and the western nations. – Geographical and economic purposes

Taiwan serves as an important nation for the U.S.

• ROC and the PRC throughout history argued that they were the legitimate heirs to China, causing much political tension internationally

• However, recently their relationships have improved. Taiwan has been more open to international businesses and creating relationship with PRC.

Republic of China

Korean War[1950-1953]

Syngman Rhee

Kim Il-Sung

“Domino Theory”- one country falling after another under Communism

The Shifting Map of Korea[1950-1953]

38th parallel – armistice/truce DMZ “Demilitarized Zone”

Truman and MacArthur

Korean War

[1950-1953]

BUT

Technically… Not over

Was it worth it?

Was it worth it?

The Kim Family

Kim Jong UnKim Jong Il

Cuban Missile Crisis

Fidel Castrocommunist revolutionary became the leader of Cuba

Bay of Pigs Invasion• US sponsored rebels invaded Cuba to

overthrow Fidel Castro from ruling Cuba.

• Unsuccessful attempt – embarrassment to the Presidency – John F. Kennedy (JFK)

• Castro was afraid of another invasion – agreement with USSR (Nikita Khrushchev) to allow Soviet Missiles in Cuba.

Options•Do nothing •Diplomacy – give into Soviet Demands•Blockade – Stop ships from entering Cuba•Surprise Attack – air raid on Cuba •Full Invasion

Cuban Missile Crisis

• Blockade – quarantine of Cuba

• 13 days of negotiations

• Soviets remove the missiles in Cuba and the US removes their missiles from Turkey

Outcome

I hate this guy!

Grrrrr~~~

Space race competition space exploration

USSR first in space - Sputnik

Laika the very first dog in space!

NASA – was created to compete with the USSR in the space race.

APOLLO 11 -Neil Armstrong-Buzz Aldrin

Mao Zedong -China

Ho Chi Minh “He who enlightens”– VietnamMao Zedong- China

Spreading Communism – Domino Theory – one nation falling after anotherSEATO – South East Asian Treaty Organization

86

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Four or more weeks of the following symptoms constitute post-traumatic

stress disorder (PTSD):

1. Haunting memories

2. Nightmares3. Social withdrawal

4. Jumpy anxiety

5. Sleep problems

Bettm

ann/ Corbis