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The Cold War
Cold War
The state of tension and hostility between nations aligned with the United States and the Soviet Union (Bipolarity)
Concepts of the Cold War
Mirror Image
The tendency of states and people in competition to perceive each others
similarly
Iron Curtain• Yalta & Potsdam
– Eastern European countries were given to the Soviet
• Term to describe the ideological conflict and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas
• Division of Europe– West : Democratic– East :Communist
Commuist Puppet governments Eastern Europe
Satellite Nations:
Containment
U.S. policy and goal to prevent the spread of communism abroad
[George Kennan]
Domino Theory If one state in a region came under the
influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow
Arms Race
competition between two or more parties to have the best armed forces (and weapons).
National Defense Budget [1940-1964]
NSC-68 :A significant increase in military spending to contain Communism.
Brinkmanship – Tactic of seeming to approach the verge of war in order to persuade one's opposition to retreat
Cold War Concept Book
Cold War; Mirror Image; Iron Curtain; Containment; Domino Theory; Arms race; Satellite Nations, Brinksmanship
•Word
•Academic Definition
•Your personal definition
•everyday example
•Two Images (Colored)
Image Image
The Word
Definition
Your personal definition / explanation
Everyday example
Cold War; Mirror Image; Iron Curtain; Containment; Domino Theory; Satellite Nations; Arms race; Brinksmanship
The Cold War
The state of tension and hostility between nations aligned with the United States and the Soviet
Union
When two parties fight via others. No direct conflict
Divorced parents using their children as leverage.Two friends do not like each others. Instead of fighting directly, they try to get their friends on their side.
The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle
Soviet & Eastern Bloc
Nations
US & the Western
Democracies
GOAL spread world-wide Communism
1.Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]
2.Arms Race [nuclear escalation]
3.Ideological Competition of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy] “proxy wars”
4.Alliances in Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]
UH OH …
MOVIE TIME!!!!!!!!
OMG!!!
THE DOT GAME
1) Receive a piece of paper
2) NO SHOW & NO TELL!
3) Goal: get in to groups
4) Goal: group with no dot
5) 1 person = 1 point
6) Group HAS to be more than 2 people
Court Cases• Alger Hiss
• Julius and Ethel Rosenberg– Accused of being Communist spies
• Espionage and treason
– Tried, convicted, and executed
Senator Joseph McCarthy
McCarthyism• Chairman senate
subcommittee • Accused thousands!
– Democrats– Gov. Officials– Union– Hollywood
• Damaged reputations• Empty charges• Witch Hunt!
Anna Chapman
NSA Leak
Edward Snowden •Disclosed thousands of classified documents to several media outlets•Numerous global surveillance programs, many of them run by the NSA and the Five Eyes•Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States of America
Hydrogen Bomb
What happened to Europe???
NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization Defense Alliance
Warsaw Pact
Collective defense treaty among eight communist states
• Marshall Plan – economic aid to any country that supported democracy – West Europe
• Molotov Plan – USSR economic aid to Eastern European countries
Truman Doctrine •Sent military aid and money to Turkey and Greece•Fight against communism •Nuclear weapons
Quick Discussion
• What happened to Europe as a result of the Cold War?
• What do you think happened to Germany after WWII?
• Why was the treaty of Versailles so ineffective? What did it force Germany to do?
Berlin Blockade Berlin Airlift – US response to Stalin’s Berlin Blockade
The Berlin Wall
• Berlin was split into democratic West and communist East after WWII.
• In the 1950s, West Berlin became an example of prosperity. As a result, East Germans, unhappy with communism, fled to West Berlin.
• To stop people from leaving, East Germany built a huge concrete wall, with barbed wire and patrolled by guards.
Berlin Wall – Divided East and West Berlin
OA 2Berlin Wall Fortifications
Watch the video and list the fortifications of the Berlin Wall
Arms Race
• The United States and Soviet Union engaged in a race to outproduce the other in nuclear weaponry – Inter Continental Ballistic Missiles
• Both sides achieved “Mutually Assured Destruction”
• American and Soviet arms agreements led to an era of “Detente” or relaxing of tensions during the 1970s
• In 1968, many nations signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. These nations agreed not to develop nuclear weapons.
OA 3 (521)
1) What happened to China during world war II?
2) What happened in China after Japan’s defeat?
3) Who was the communist revolutionary leader in China?
4) How did the Communists win in China?
Mao and Chiang
During WWII, the Nationalists and Communists put aside their difference and worked together to fight their common enemy, Imperial Japan
Reasons for the Communists’ Success
• Mao won support of peasants and women
• Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics
• Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt
• Many felt that the Nationalists allowed foreigners to dominate China.
People’s Republic of China
• Mao and his communists forces were able to defeat the Nationalists.
• In 1949, Communists established the People’s Republic of China.
• Mao Zedong became the first chairman (leader) of the Communist Party.
• Chiang Kai Shek and the Goumindang were defeated. They fled the PRC and established its own government in what is today known as Taiwan (Republic of China)
• Chiang became the President/Dictator of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975.
• Taiwan still has a close relationship with the U.S. and the western nations. – Geographical and economic purposes
Taiwan serves as an important nation for the U.S.
• ROC and the PRC throughout history argued that they were the legitimate heirs to China, causing much political tension internationally
• However, recently their relationships have improved. Taiwan has been more open to international businesses and creating relationship with PRC.
Republic of China
Korean War[1950-1953]
Syngman Rhee
Kim Il-Sung
“Domino Theory”- one country falling after another under Communism
The Shifting Map of Korea[1950-1953]
38th parallel – armistice/truce DMZ “Demilitarized Zone”
Truman and MacArthur
Korean War
[1950-1953]
BUT
Technically… Not over
Was it worth it?
Was it worth it?
The Kim Family
Kim Jong UnKim Jong Il
Cuban Missile Crisis
Fidel Castrocommunist revolutionary became the leader of Cuba
Bay of Pigs Invasion• US sponsored rebels invaded Cuba to
overthrow Fidel Castro from ruling Cuba.
• Unsuccessful attempt – embarrassment to the Presidency – John F. Kennedy (JFK)
• Castro was afraid of another invasion – agreement with USSR (Nikita Khrushchev) to allow Soviet Missiles in Cuba.
Options•Do nothing •Diplomacy – give into Soviet Demands•Blockade – Stop ships from entering Cuba•Surprise Attack – air raid on Cuba •Full Invasion
Cuban Missile Crisis
• Blockade – quarantine of Cuba
• 13 days of negotiations
• Soviets remove the missiles in Cuba and the US removes their missiles from Turkey
Outcome
I hate this guy!
Grrrrr~~~
Space race competition space exploration
USSR first in space - Sputnik
Laika the very first dog in space!
NASA – was created to compete with the USSR in the space race.
APOLLO 11 -Neil Armstrong-Buzz Aldrin
Mao Zedong -China
Ho Chi Minh “He who enlightens”– VietnamMao Zedong- China
Spreading Communism – Domino Theory – one nation falling after anotherSEATO – South East Asian Treaty Organization
86
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Four or more weeks of the following symptoms constitute post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD):
1. Haunting memories
2. Nightmares3. Social withdrawal
4. Jumpy anxiety
5. Sleep problems
Bettm
ann/ Corbis
