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Nonparametric Statistics Chapter 12 Understandable Statistics Ninth Edition By Brase and Brase Prepared by Yixun Shi Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania

2 Uji Run Satu Sampel

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Nonparametric Statistics

Chapter 12

Understandable Statistics Ninth EditionBy Brase and Brase Prepared by Yixun ShiBloomsburg University of Pennsylvania

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Nonparametric Situations

• At times, we will not know anything about the distributions of the populations from which we are sampling.

• Recall that all of our inference techniques thus far have assumed either a normal or binomial distribution from the populations of interest.

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Nonparametric Tests

• Advantages:– Easy to apply– Quite general in nature

• Disadvantages:– Wastes information– Accept the null hypothesis more often than

with other tests– Less sensitive

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Runs Test for Randomness

• Definitions:

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Runs Test for Randomness Hypotheses

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Conducting the Test

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Constructing a Runs Test

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Constructing a Runs Test

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Constructing a Runs Test

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Constructing a Runs Test

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Contoh

Pada taraf signifikansi 0,05, uji hipotesis keacakan barisan bilangan, jika sampel adalah5 2 2 1 6 5 3 3 1 6 5 2 1 4 4

Hipotesis H0 : Barisan bilangan adalah acak

H1 : Barisan bilangan tidak acak

Sampel Median bilangan ini adalah 3,27Runtun + + + + + + + sehingga r = 7 n+ = 7 dan n = 8

Beberapa buku menyatakan bahwa 0 sebaiknya diabaikan saja (+++0++ = 1 runtun)

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Contoh

Distribusi Probabilitas PensampelanSampel kecil sehingga pengujian dilakukan melalui tabel nilai kritis

Kriteria pengujianDari tabel nilai kritis untuk = 0,05 diperoleh bahwa hipotesis null H0 diterima pada

4 r 13

KeputusanPada taraf signifikansi 0,05, terima H0

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Sampel Besar

Uji hipotesis pada sampel besar (ada n > 20)

•Runtun di antara data X dan Y•Distribusi probabilitas pensampelan adalah distribusi probabilitas normal•Rerata dan simpangan baku r dan r adalah

)()(

)(

1

22

12

2

YXYX

YXYXYXr

YX

YXr

nnnn

nnnnnn

nn

nn

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Sampel Besar

• Statistik uji adalah

• Hipotesis diuji dengan taraf signifikansi pada dua sisi

Ujung bawah untuk runtun yang terlalu sedikitUjung atas untuk runtun yang terlalu banyak

Tolak H0 jika z < z(½) atau z > z(1-½)

Gagal Tolak H0 jika z(½) z z(1-½)

r

rrz

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Contoh

Pada taraf signifikansi 0,05, uji keacakan data jika sampel adalah1 8 4 9 5 6 2 9 7 6 3 2 5 8 7 3 6 9 3 74 8 9 5 7 6 9 8 4 8 7 6 4 9 6 5 8 5 9 9

Hipotesis H0 : data adalah acak

H1 : data tidak acak

Sampel Dari perhitungan median = 6,33 sehingga + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + r = 26 n = 21 n+ = 19

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Contoh

• Distribusi probabilitas pensampelanDistribusi probabilitas pensampelan adalah distribusi probabilitas normal dengan rerata dan simpangan baku

•Statistik uji

95,1911921

)19)(21)(2(1

2

nn

nnr

2 2

(2)(21)(19) (2)(21)(19) 21 19

(21 19) (21 19 1)

2 (2 )

( ) ( 1)

3,113

r

n n n n n n

n n n n

943,1113,3

95,1926

r

rrz

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Contoh

• Kriteria pengujianTaraf signifikansi = 0,05 ; Pengujian pada dua sisi nilai kritis

Sisi kiri z(0,025) = 1,96

Sisi kanan z(0,975) = 1,96

Tolak H0 jika z < 1,96 atau z > 1,96

Gagal tolak H0 jika 1,96 z 1,96

• Keputusan

Pada taraf signifikansi 0,05 Gagal menolak H0