6.1 IDENTIFY HOW THE EFFECTS OF 19TH CENTURY WARFARE PROMOTED THE GROWTH OF INDUSTRIALISM (I.E., RAILROADS, IRON VS. STEEL INDUSTRY, TEXTILES, COAL, RUBBER, PROCESSED FOODS).

19TH CENTURY WARFARE

When was the 19th century?

1800s

When was the 20th century?

1900s

19TH CENTURY WARFARE

War of 1812 Civil War 1861-1865 Spanish American War 1898

RAILROADS

1st transcontinental linked up in 1869

How would wars spur the growth of railroads?

Effects?

RAILROADS EFFECTS

Faster transportation, communication Shrinking world

IRON VS. STEEL

Iron was widely used to make gun parts, stoves, and machinery.

But in 1855, Henry Bessemer found an efficient way to refine iron into steel.

Steel was preferred bc it was cheaper, harder, and more durable.

An American brought the Bessemer conversion to the United States and began working for Andrew Carnegie, a Scottish immigrant.

Carnegie would go on to amass a fortune.

Raw steel production went from 30,000 tons in the late 1860s to 11 million tons in 1900.

ANDREW CARNEGIE VIDEO CLIP

http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?title=Andrew_Carnegie_Biography&video_id=233035

INDUSTRY

TEXTILES

Civil War had a dramatic effect on production.

Mid 1800s, chemistry began to influence the industry, owing to the discovery of synthetic dyes.

COAL

Production of coal, which was used to make steel, increased twenty fold.

RUBBER

At first, there were problems with the material. It softened and hardened due to variations of heat and cold.

Charles Goodyear solved these problems with his discovery of the vulcanization process.

‘elastic metal’

From 1850-1900 – saw an increase of 2,000%

PROCESSED FOODS

Food preservation involves the protection of food from deterioration so that will remain available for consumption.

Natural Ways Drying, smoking, pickling, salting, and fermentation

Human made ways – canning Began with pickles and ketchup

Also benefited from the refrigerated railroad cars.

MAP

Post civil-war agriculture in the US Urban hot spots Great Plains

TOPICS TO COVER

Manifest Destiny Homestead ActAdvancements in Farming Dawes Act Immigrants – Factors in Immigration and

differences in immigrants and their assimilation

http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?title=Manifest_Destiny&video_id=5885

MANIFEST DESTINY

During the 1840s, the pace of westward expansion in the US rapidly increased.

1845– James K. Polk became President. He strongly supported expansion.

MANIFEST DESTINY

– became a term used to describe how expansion was a God given right to the United States and Polk intended to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

POLK

Annexed Texas in 1845 Oregon Washington Idaho Parts of Montana California New Mexico Arizona

Some Americans were excited about expansion.

Others opposed it. Why? What balance could adding new states

disturb?

Some Americans were excited about expansion.

Others opposed it. Why? What balance could adding new states

disturb?

Slave versus Free States

Wilmot Proviso – proposed slavery be forbidden in any new territory

http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=81407&title=Farming_in_the_1860s

HOMESTEAD ACT

1862, US passed the Homestead Act. This bill gave men over the age of 21 the

right to claim 160 acres of land.

HOMESTEAD ACT

Agriculture greatly expanded into the Great Plains, the vast region stretching from Texas northward through the Middle West and up to Canada.

Many immigrants decided to try their luck as farmers in this region.

ADVANCEMENTS

Farming – Dug wells, then harnessed the wind power of

windmills in order to pump water John Deere – steel plow Cyrus McCormick – mechanical reaper

Ranching – Railroads Barbed wire

Mining –Gold Rush sparked advancements in mining mining corporations took over and encouraged

advanced equipment production to obtain harder to reach metals

OTHER INVENTIONS

Indoor plumbing – running water in homes and work

Communications – telegraph lines and eventually telephone

Transportation –railroads, electric trolleys

DAWES ACT OF 1887

Purpose – to civilize Native Americans Gave them 160 acres to farm Didn’t take into account Indian culture Most of the best land ended up in white

hands. Catastrophe Hurt Native Americans instead

THE NEW COLOSSUS

Read the poem. Answer the Questions