8 Parts of Speech8 Parts of Speech1. Noun 2. Pronouns3. Verbs4. Adjectives5. Adverbs6. Prepositions7. Conjunctions8. Interjections

Nouns (p. L39)Nouns (p. L39)A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea. Nouns answer the who or what in the sentence.There are 6 types of nouns:

1. concrete – name people, places, and things you can usually touch or see

2. abstract – name ideas & qualities3. common – names any person, place, or thing4. proper – names a particular person, place or

thing (ALL proper nouns begin with a capital letter)

5. compound – noun that includes more than one word; EX. living room, home run, break-in, birdhouse, crosswalk

6. collective – names a group of people or things; EX. band, committee, league, family

Pronouns (p. L47)Pronouns (p. L47)A pronoun is a word that takes the place of one or more nouns.

Personal Pronouns: 1st person – I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours

2nd person: you, your, yours

3rd person: he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their,

theirs

Pronoun Antecedents Pronoun Antecedents

A pronoun antecedent is the noun a pronoun refers to or replaces in a sentence.

Ex. Dion said he couldn’t go to the zoo.

Pronoun = hePronoun antecedent =

Dion

Pronoun Practice p. L47-Pronoun Practice p. L47-48481. Juanita brought her camera on

the trip to the zoo.2. Steve asked Juanita to take a

picture of him.3. Linda said, “I enjoy the reptiles.”4. Gretchen and Margo said they

were looking for the penguins.5. Ms. Jackson told Henry that she

liked to watch the monkeys.

Pronouns (cont’d)Pronouns (cont’d)

Reflexive/Intensive pronouns refer to or emphasize another noun or pronoun.

EX: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

Indefinite pronouns refer to unnamed people, places, things or ideas.

EX: another, anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, much, neither, nobody, no one, one, somebody, someone, something, both, few, many, others, several, all, any, most, none, some

Pronoun Practice p. L52-Pronoun Practice p. L52-53531. In the early 1840s, adventurous

settlers readied themselves for the overland trip to the West.

2. Life in the Oregon country held new promise for them.

3. The settlers themselves could never have anticipated all the hardships they encountered on the two-thousand mile Oregon Trail.

Pronouns (cont’d)Pronouns (cont’d)

Demonstrative pronouns point out a specific person, place, thing, or idea.

EX. this, that, these, those

Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions.

EX. what, which, who, whom, whose

Pronoun Practice p. L57Pronoun Practice p. L57

1. Who is going to the dance on Saturday?

2. That is the most important question on our minds.

3. This is my outfit for the dance.4. Of all my shoes, these will

match my dress best.5. What is the first song going to

be?

Verbs p. L69Verbs p. L69A verb is a word that expresses

action or a state of being.

An action verb tells what action a subject is performing.◦Action verbs show physical and

mental action or show ownership

Verbs p. L69Verbs p. L69A verb phrase includes a main

verb plus any helping, or auxiliary, verbs.◦Ex. The whales will have migrated

by October.◦The students could certainly learn

more about the sea.◦Should our class visit the ocean?◦I have never seen a killer whale.

Helping Verbs p. L70Helping Verbs p. L70There are 23 most common

helping verbs.◦be: am, is, are, was, were, be, being,

been◦have: has, have, had◦do: do, does, did◦Others: may, might, must, can,

could, shall, should, will, would

Verb Practice p. L70-71Verb Practice p. L70-71

1. Dr. Lilly, a scientist from California, has been experimenting with dolphins for many years.

2. He has made some curious claims about them.

3. Dolphins have larger brains than humans.

4. Their language contains at least fifty thousand words.

Verb Practice p. L71Verb Practice p. L71

5. Their brains can handle four different conversations at one time.

6. They can also judge between right and wrong.

7. Dolphins can remember sounds and series of sounds.

8. They can even communicate among themselves.

Linking Verbs (“to be” verbs)Linking Verbs (“to be” verbs) p. L75 p. L75A linking verb links the subject

with another word in the sentence. The other word either renames or describes the subject.

Common Forms of Common Forms of BeBeBe, is, am, are, was, wereShall be, will be, can be, could

be, should be, would be, may be, might be

Have been, has been, had been, could have been, should have been, may have been, might have been, must have been

Additional Linking Verbs p. Additional Linking Verbs p. L76L76AppearBecomeFeelGrowLookRemain

SeemSmellSoundStayTasteTurn

Linking Verb Practice p. L76-Linking Verb Practice p. L76-77771. My childhood on the farm

was great.2. Childhood memories should

be happy for everyone.3. My mother had been a city

girl.4. My father could have been a

doctor.5. Instead, he was a farmer.

Linking Verb Practice p. Linking Verb Practice p. L77L771. The weather suddenly turned

colder.2. The sky looks dark today.3. The clouds have grown thicker.4. The gentle breeze became a strong

wind.5. The raindrops felt cold against my

skin.6. The dog appeared quite upset.7. The thunder sounded very loud.

HomeworkHomeworkComplete Pronoun & Verbs handouts◦Due Tuesday

Adjectives/AdverbsAdjectives/Adverbs

ADJECTIVES P. L91 – L101ADJECTIVES P. L91 – L101

Word that modifies a noun or pronoun

Describing wordsQuestions adjectives answer:

◦What kind?◦Which one(s)?◦How many?◦How much?

Adjectives cont’dAdjectives cont’dArticles are also adjectives: a, an, thePronouns may be used as adjectives

◦ Ex. I think her graphic will certainly win a prize.

Demonstrative, interrogative and indefinite pronouns can act as adjectives.◦ In order for these pronouns to be adjectives, a

noun must follow the pronoun. Ex. These boots are too large for me.

(Adjective) Ex. These are too large for me. (Pronoun)

Adjective practiceAdjective practice1. Laura bought a blue blouse with

white trimmings.

2. Several athletes complained about the old stadium.

ADJECTIVE EXAMPLESADJECTIVE EXAMPLES

3. The writer, tall and impressive, entered the auditorium.

4. Each one in the class will develop

an original project.

ADJECTIVE PRACTICEADJECTIVE PRACTICE5. This short story by Pearl Buck has a

surprise ending.

6. If you are interested, I will show you my camera.

ADVERBS P. L104-L110ADVERBS P. L104-L110Modify adjectives, verbs, and other

adverbs◦ Questions adverbs answer:◦ Where?◦ When?◦ How?◦ To what extent?

Many end in –ly; however, many do not. (See chart p. L 104)◦Ex. Afterward, almost, alone, fast, hard,

here, just, too, very, well, rather, sometimes, somewhere

Adverb ExamplesAdverb Examples1. At the debate, you must speak

clearly.

2. I almost finished my homework in an hour.

Adverb ExamplesAdverb Examples3. I have often wondered about her

past.

4. We have changed our minds completely.

Adverb ExamplesAdverb Examples5. Our team plays hard.

6. I am not surprised.

Adjective & Adverb Adjective & Adverb HomeworkHomework

October 19th Assignment: In BK grammar book:

◦ P. L92-L93 (1-10) ◦ P. L95-96 (1-12)◦ P. L97-L98 (1-10)◦ P. L101 (1-10) ◦ P. L110-L111 (1-20)

Due Friday, October 23rd

◦ If you are struggling with these exercises, you need to attend BLAST. Remember, BLAST is offered Monday – Thursday in room 142

PREPOSITIONS p. L125-L131PREPOSITIONS p. L125-L131A word that shows the relationship

between a noun or a pronoun and another word in the sentence◦EX. The letter to Lori was lost.

Preposition = to Shows a relationship between Lori and the letter

Review list of prepositions on p. L125◦EX. The letter to Lori was lost.

Preposition = to Shows a relationship between Lori and the letter

4 Uses of Prepositions4 Uses of Prepositions1. Location: Many prepositions tell where

something is in relation to something

else.

Example: The cat hid under the tree.

Other popular prepositions that show location are: in, on, inside, above and near.

4 Uses of Prepositions4 Uses of Prepositions

2. Direction/Action: Other prepositions tell where something is going.

Example: The car drove to the café.

 3. Time: A few prepositions help to tell

time in a sentence.

Example: During the race, Bob’s shoelace came untied.

4 Uses of Prepositions4 Uses of Prepositions

4. Relationship: Other prepositions show the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and another word.

Example: That poem was written by Edgar Allen Poe.

PrepositionsPrepositionsA preposition that is made up of

two or more words is called a compound preposition.

Review list of common compound prepositions on p. L126.

Prepositional Phrases p. Prepositional Phrases p. L127L127A prepositional phrase begins with

a preposition and ends with a noun or a pronoun (object of the preposition).◦EX. England is the setting of this

suspenseful mystery. Preposition = of Noun = mystery Prepositional phrase = of this suspenseful

mystery

Preposition PracticePreposition Practice

1. I placed the lawn mower in a corner of the garage.

2. During the spring, I often visit a flower show.

Preposition PracticePreposition Practice

3. A man from the IRS called father at home.

4. She finally agreed in spite of her original protests.

Preposition PracticePreposition Practice

5. Father is not terribly worried about them.

6. A group of students demonstrated in front of the building.

Homework (due Tuesday)Homework (due Tuesday)Complete “Preposition Practice”

handout

Grammar quiz over all parts of speech Friday, 11/14

CONJUNCTIONS p. L132CONJUNCTIONS p. L132

Connects words or groups of words

2 types: coordinating & correlative

Coordinating ConjunctionsCoordinating ConjunctionsFANBOYS:

ForAndNorButOrYetSo

Correlative ConjunctionsCorrelative ConjunctionsPairs of connecting words

◦Both/and◦Either/or◦Neither/nor◦Not only/But so◦Whether/or

INTERJECTIONS p. L135INTERJECTIONS p. L135A word that expresses strong

feeling or emotionFollowed by an exclamation point

(!) or comma (,)Express feelings such as joy or

angerGenerally at the beginning of a

sentence

◦Ex. Oh, did you see that pass? Interjection = Oh

Parts of Speech ReviewParts of Speech Review