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Ecology:Ecology:an introduction
The study of the The study of the interactions that interactions that take place among take place among
organisms and their organisms and their environment environment
Biosphere Biosphere
The part of Earth that supports The part of Earth that supports lifelife Top portion of Earth's crust Top portion of Earth's crust
(lithosphere)(lithosphere) All the waters that cover Earth's All the waters that cover Earth's
surface (hydrosphere)surface (hydrosphere) Atmosphere that surrounds EarthAtmosphere that surrounds Earth
EcosystemEcosystem
All the organisms living in an All the organisms living in an area and the nonliving features area and the nonliving features of their environmentof their environment Biotic – livingBiotic – living Abiotic – nonlivingAbiotic – nonliving
BioticBiotic
Biotic – livingBiotic – living Plants Plants AnimalsAnimals Single celled organismsSingle celled organisms Fungi Fungi
AbioticAbiotic
Abiotic – nonlivingAbiotic – nonliving WaterWater AirAir SoilSoil TemperatureTemperature Sunlight Sunlight
Parts of an Parts of an EcosystemEcosystem
PopulationPopulation
All the organisms in an All the organisms in an ecosystem that belong to the ecosystem that belong to the same species (biotic)same species (biotic)
CommunityCommunity
All the populations in an All the populations in an ecosystemecosystem (biotic) (biotic)
http://www2.tpwd.state.tx.us/learning/texas_nature_trackers/black_tailed_prairie_dog/images/lg_black_tailed_prairie_dogs.jpg
Habitat Habitat
The place in which an The place in which an organism lives organism lives provides the kinds of food and provides the kinds of food and
shelter, the temperature, and the shelter, the temperature, and the amount of moisture the organism amount of moisture the organism needs to survive needs to survive
NicheNiche
The specific role that an organism plays The specific role that an organism plays in its ecosystemin its ecosystem
http://www.thinksimian.com/images/birds_2/nest.JPG
CompetitionCompetition
FoodFood Space Space
CompetitionCompetition
Competition caused by Competition caused by population growth affects many population growth affects many organisms, including humans organisms, including humans
Limits population size Limits population size
Limiting Factor Limiting Factor
Anything that restricts the Anything that restricts the number of individuals in a number of individuals in a population. population.
Includes living / biotic and Includes living / biotic and nonliving / abiotic features of the nonliving / abiotic features of the ecosystem ecosystem
Carrying CapacityCarrying Capacity
The maximum number of individuals of The maximum number of individuals of any species that can be supported by a any species that can be supported by a particular ecosystem on a long-term particular ecosystem on a long-term basisbasis
http://library.thinkquest.org/J002558F/carrying_capacity.JPG
Energy TransferEnergy Transfer
Food ChainsFood Chains Food WebsFood Webs Energy PyramidsEnergy Pyramids
http://www.arcytech.org/java/population/images/food_chain.jpg