ED 300: Human Growth and Learning

WelcomeOpening Prayer

Review:Cognitive Development: • Students need challenging situations and tasks to

promote cognitive development. (disequilibrium, schemes, assimilation, accommodation)

Personal and Social growth: • Students need teachers who use a authoritative

teaching style and will take time to discuss moral issues as they arise.

Differences• Cultural, Gender, Individual

Model of Human Memory

 

Knowledge Construction

Content/ Objectives• I will identify ways to promote effective

knowledge construction Language Objectives:• I will write a lesson plan using strategies

that will promote effective knowledge construction

Human Memory Model

Sensory Register

• Focus/Attention• Notes• Involvement• Variety of

strategies• Minimize

distractions

Short Term Memory

• Repeat• Pacing• Guidelines

Long Term Memory

• Meaningful activities• Elaboration –

Feelings• Organization• Visual Imagry• Practice

Knowledge Construction

Constructive Processes in Learning and MemoryConstruction: Learner takes many separate pieces of information and uses them to build an overall understanding or interpretation

• Construction in Storage– Prior knowledge, facts, experiences

• Construction in Retrieval– Retrieval error

 

Knowledge Construction

• Knowledge Construction as a Social Process – LC #1 Expressive language

– Must clarify and organize– Tend to elaborate– Exposed to the views of others– Model effective ways of thinking for each other– Discover flaws and inconsistencies in their own thinking– Discover how people from different cultures may

interpret a topic– With support of others one can practice more

sophisticated learning and reasoning skills

Organizing Knowledge

• Concepts – Mentally grouping objects or events that are similar

• Schemas and Scripts

• Theories– Pg. 226

• Worldviews– Big Bang vs. Divine creation

Organizing KnowledgeSchema

Seashell (concept)

The empty shell of an

ocean animal

What kind of ocean animals

have shells?

How do you clean a shell?

What can you do with the

shells?

What are shells made of?

Human Memory Model

Sensory Register Short Term Memory

Long Term Memory

• Concepts• Schema & Scripts• Theories• Worldviews

Human Memory Model

Sensory Register

• Focus/Attention• Notes• Involvement• Variety of

strategies• Minimize

distractions

Short Term Memory

• Repeat• Pacing• Guidelines

Long Term Memory

• Meaningful activities• Elaboration –

Feelings• Organization• Visual Imagry• Practice

Promoting Effective Knowledge Construction

Modeling and Experimentation

LC#6 Explicit Teaching: I Do, We Do

Emphasizing Conceptual UnderstandingConceptual understanding is when students form many logical connections among related concepts and principles.

SIOP-Activating Background Knowledge

Promoting Effective Knowledge Construction

Teaching strategies to help students develop conceptual understanding:

• Provide the facts within the context of the subject matter– S&I: Content and Context

• Organize units around a few core ideas

• Explore topics in depth

Promoting Effective Knowledge Construction

• Explain how new ideas relate to students’ personal experiences– Elaborate, S&I Feel the truth

• Through classroom meaningful activities, students learn that understanding concepts are more important than knowledge of isolated facts.– SIOP: Lesson Preparation, Strategies

• Ask students to teach others what they have learned. – LC: #1 Expressive Language, #7 Read & Retell

Promoting Effective Knowledge Construction

Encouraging Classroom Dialogue• Students remember new ideas more accurately when they

talk to each other. – LC#1 Expressive Language, Feel the Truth

Assigning Authentic Activities• Authentic activities are similar to those they might

experience in the outside world. – Writing will improve in both quality and quantity if students write

essays, stories, and letters instead of workbook activities. • LC#1 Expressive Language,

– Problem-based learning– Project-based learning– Service learning

Promoting Effective Knowledge Construction

Scaffolding Theory Construction– SIOP: Strategies

Creating a Community of Learners

When Knowledge Construction Goes Awry

• A misconception is a belief that is inconsistent with commonly accepted and well-validated explanations of phenomena or events.

• Conceptual change is a process of revising or overhauling an existing theory or belief system in such a way that new, discrepant information can be better understood and explained.

When Knowledge Construction Goes Awry

• Identify existing misconceptions before instruction begins.

• Look for – and build on – elements of truth in students’ existing understandings.

• When pointing out errors or weaknesses in students’ reasoning or beliefs, preserve their self-esteem.

• Monitor what students say and write for persistent misconceptions.

Assignment

1. Write a lesson plan you will use before the end of the school year.

2. Label the concept or schema that will be the focus of the lesson.

3. Include and label activities which will promote effective knowledge construction.

Knowledge Construction

Content/ Objectives• I will identify ways to promote effective

knowledge construction Language Objectives:• I will write a lesson plan using strategies

that will promote effective knowledge construction