Energy Energy Transformations: Transformations: Photosynthesis & Photosynthesis & RespirationRespiration

ATP & ADPATP & ADPATP: Adenosine triphosphateATP: Adenosine triphosphate adenine + ribose + 3 phosphatesadenine + ribose + 3 phosphates Energy storing molecule, only stores energy for a few Energy storing molecule, only stores energy for a few

minutesminutes Source of all cell energySource of all cell energy When one phosphate group breaks off, energy is releasedWhen one phosphate group breaks off, energy is released

Adenine

Ribose

3 Phosphate groups

ADP: Adenosine diphosphate

Adenine + ribose + 2 phosphates

Molecule that results from ATP losing one P

Another P may be added later

ADP ATP

Energy

Energy

Partiallychargedbattery

Fullychargedbattery

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Describe organelles Describe organelles involved in energy involved in energy transformationtransformation Energy transformation is when Energy transformation is when

energy is converted from one energy is converted from one form to another.form to another.

Energy transformations involve Energy transformations involve photosynthesis and respiration.photosynthesis and respiration.

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

• CHLOROPLASTS:

•Found in plant cells, some protists & bacteria not animal cells

•Contain pigment called chlorophyll (green)

•Allows plants to go through photosynthesis by converting light into energy for the cell

Overview PhotosynthesisOverview Photosynthesis Photosynthesis:Photosynthesis: process process

using energy from sunlight using energy from sunlight to convert water and COto convert water and CO2 2

into oxygen and into oxygen and carbohydrates (sugar)carbohydrates (sugar)

Two parts:Two parts: Light dependent reactions: Light dependent reactions:

produce Oproduce O2 2 & converts ADP & converts ADP

to ATPto ATP Calvin cycle (dark Calvin cycle (dark

reactions): use ATP from reactions): use ATP from light reactions to produce light reactions to produce sugarssugars

Light Energy

CO2 + H2O Sugars + O2

Chloroplast

Chlorophyll: green pigment in cells that absorbs blue & red light energy

Moves energy to electrons that drive reactions

Equation for photosynthesis:

6CO2 +6H2O + energy C6H12O6 + 6O2

• MITOCHONDRIA: “powerhouse” of cell

•Releases energy from food molecules

•Found in both animal and plant cells

•A cell that needs more energy has more mitochondria

•Ex: muscles, growing cells, areas of repair

Overview cellular Overview cellular respirationrespiration

Respiration:Respiration: process that releases energy by process that releases energy by breaking down food when oxygen is presentbreaking down food when oxygen is present

Equation for Respiration:Equation for Respiration:

CC66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O22 6CO 6CO22 + 6H + 6H22O + energyO + energy

Anaerobic respiration: (fermentation) occurs without oxygen present

Two types:

Alcoholic: form ethyl alcohol and CO2 as waste products; used to make bread rise

Lactic acid: produces lactic acid in muscles when exercising without enough oxygen

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis RespirationRespiration

FunctionFunction Energy storageEnergy storage Energy releaseEnergy release

LocationLocation ChloroplastsChloroplasts MitochondriaMitochondria

ReactantsReactants Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide

waterwater

GlucoseGlucose

oxygenoxygen

ProductsProducts GlucoseGlucose

oxygenoxygen

Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide

waterwater

EquationEquation 6CO2 +6H2O + energy C6H12O6 + 6O2

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 +6H2O + energy