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English 9Mr. Rinka - Lesson #4
VerbsElements of a Short
Story
Verbs and Short Story
What are Verbs?
What are Action Verbs?
How do Linking Verbs work?
Verbs and Short Story
What is a Helping Verb?
What are the major elements of a Short Story?
Verbs
A Verb is a word that expresses action or a state of being.
Verbs
Verbs all fall into one of three groups:
Action VerbsLinking Verbs Helping Verbs
Action Verbs
Action Verbs express physical or mental activity.
Physical Action
run walk talk study throw
Mental Action
dream think remember believe guess
Action Verbs
Action verbs express physical or mental activity.
We study every night. I think about the future all the
time.
Identify the Action Verbs
The students laughed at the joke
My parents work all day long.
The farmer milked his cows in the morning.
Identify the Action Verbs
The students laughed at the joke
My parents work all day long.
The farmer milked his cows in the morning.
The soccer player kicked the ball.
The actors sang and danced on the stage.
I dreamed about my birthday.
Everyone hopes for a good healthy life.
The soccer player kicked the ball.
The actors sang and danced on the stage.
I dreamed about my birthday.
Everyone hopes for a good healthy life.
Linking Verbs
Linking Verbs link a noun or a pronoun to another noun, pronoun or adjective in a sentence.
Linking Verbs
The girl is a singer. (girl = singer)
I am a teacher. (I = teacher)
The cake tastes good. (cake = good)
He is the one. (he = one)
Common Linking Verbs am is are was were feel
look
sound look taste appear seem
remain become stay grow
Common Linking Verbs Bill was happy to see me.
The sea became calm after the storm.
The players seem ready for the game.
Find the Linking Verbs and the Words They Link.
The people were excited about the festival.
Some students looked worried about the test.
The music for the show sounds beautiful.
Find the Linking Verbs and the Words They Link.
The people were excited about the festival.
Some students looked worried about the test.
The music for the show sounds beautiful.
Find the Linking Verbs and the Words They Link.
Most citizens remained calm during the storm.
His attitude seemed extremely good.
The garbage smelled bad.
He appeared strong and healthy.
Find the Linking Verbs and the Words They Link.
Most citizens remained calm during the storm.
His attitude seemed extremely good.
The garbage smelled bad.
He appeared strong and healthy.
Helping Verbs
Helping Verbs help other verbs either create action or link words together. There are many helping verbs:
am is are was were be being
been has have having had do doing does did may might must
can shall will could should
would
Verb Phrases
Helping Verbs combine with Action Verbs or Linking Verbs to create Verb Phrases.
We are going to the store today.
Verb Phrases
My friends will be coming to my party
I have been feeling sick all day.
The men should be working on the roof.
The sky will become cloudy later in the day.
Verb Warnings !!!
Don’t confuse helping verbs with linking verbs.
I am happy. (am is a linking verb)
I am feeling happy. (am is a helping verb)
Verb Warnings !!!
The dog was quiet. (was is a linking verb)
The dog was barking at the cat. (was is a helping verb)
Verb Warnings !!! (continued)
Some verbs can be either a linking or action verb.
The dinner tasted very good. (tasted = linking)
The cook tasted the soup. (tasted = action)
Verb Warnings !!! (continued)
He remained silent. (remained = linking)
He remained in the chair. (remained = action)
Verb Warnings !!! (continued)
Verb phrases can be interrupted by other words.
The school will not open today.
Verb Warnings !!! (continued)
My mother is always working at something.
Did you see my brother, yesterday?
Has the pizza arrived, yet
Find the Verb or Verb Phrase
The cars raced down the road.raced = action verb
The horses are sleeping in the barn.are sleeping = action verb phrase
The baby grew quiet in her mother’s arms.
grew = linking verb
Find the Verb or Verb Phrase
The work is becoming harder every day.is becoming= linking verb phrase Will your friend help us with our
project?Will help = action verb phrase
This answer does not seem correct.does seem = linking verb phrase
Find and Identify all the Verbs
Most children will play with their toys all day long.
The water in the lake seemed very cold to me.
Did you see my cousin, Jim?
Hour by hour, the people grew more excited.
Find and Identify all the Verbs
Most children will (H) play (A) with their
toys all day long.
The water in the lake seemed (L) very cold to me.
Did (H) you see (A) my cousin, Jim?
Hour by hour, the people grew (L) more excited.
Find and Identify all the Verbs
In the house, we could do our homework quietly.
Do you not hear that odd sound?
My family has not always lived in the city.
Find and Identify all the Verbs
In the house, we could (H) do (A) our homework quietly.
Do (H) you not hear (A) that odd sound?
My family has (H) not always lived (A) in the city.
Find and Identify all the Verbs
The circus will not be coming to our town this year.
Do you feel better, today?
Can anyone help us with this problem?
Find and Identify all the Verbs
The circus will (H) not be (H) coming (A) to our town this year.
Do (H) you feel (L) better, today?
Can (H) anyone help (A) us with this problem?
Short Story Elements
In order to read and study a short story correctly, we need to understand some of the basic elements of a short story.
SettingThe time and place in which a
story, play, or narrative takes place.
ProtagonistThe main character in a story
often called the “hero”
AntagonistThe character or force that blocks
the protagonist. Can be another character, nature, society or even some quality within the protagonist.
ConflictIn literature, the problem that is
created between the protagonist and antagonist. The solution of this problem makes up the story.
Internal ConflictA conflict that takes place
entirely within a character’s mind
Man v Self
External ConflictA conflict in which a character
struggles against an outside force
External Conflict
Man v Man
Man v Nature
Man v Society
MoralA lesson about life that a story
teaches
Moral
Honesty is always the best policy.
Treat others as you would like to be treated.
No one succeeds without hard work and dedication
Point of View (POV)The perspective the narrator,
storyteller, takes when telling the story.
1st Person POV
The narrator is a character in the story and tells the story using the pronoun “I”
1st Person POV
I looked out the window and saw that it was going to be a very bad day. The clouds were dark, and a storm was on the way. I wondered if I would be able to work.
Omniscient POV
The person telling the story knows everything that is going on in the story and can tell what everyone is thinking.
Uses the pronouns “he and “she”.
Omniscient POV example
Joe was worried about his job. Marie was thinking about her sick child. The two could barely speak to each other because of the fight they had had the night before.
Omniscient POV example
Joe thought that Marie did not understand how important his work was. Marie, on the other hand, did not want Joe leaving for fear that the baby would need to go to the hospital.
3rd Person Limited POV
The narrator is outside the story and tells the story from the vantage point of only one character.
Uses the pronoun “he” or “she”.
3rd Person Limited POV example
Joe was worried about his job. He looked at his wife and couldn’t understand why she did not understand. Sure the baby was sick, but she could handle it, and he had to get to work or they would not have any money at the end of the week.
