8/13/2019 Haiti and Latin American Revolution Notes
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captured and e2ecuted.
+he %omunero Revolt in %olom*ia in '78' drove the viceroy $rom
6ogota& *ut ended #ith $e#
concessions *y !panish and internal $ighting among the
re*els.
1ulattoes led revolts in 6ahia& 6ra;il. At the time o$ these
revolts& !pain and :ortugal #ere
po#er$ul countries and #ith the aid o$ %reoles& #ho #ere
people o$ !panish descent& and
ma;om*os& #ho #ere American *orn people o$ :ortuguese
descent& the revolts #ere
suppressed. +he %reoles and ma;om*os sa# their $ate lined more
to the !panish and :ortuguese rulers
than to the Amerindians or those o$ mi2ed parentage.
+he Napoleonic #ars in !pain gave the people a chance to declare
independence. +he creolesled success$ul revolts and they *ecame the
leaders. +he revolutions *ene$ited the creoles the
most. +hey preserved the old system o$ lo# paid la*or and
slavery. +hey ?ust too the spots o$
the !panish.
!imon 6olivar
He #as a soldier& diplomat& general&
administrator& visionary& ne#spaper pu*lisher& la#
giver&national president& dictator& lover& and
disillusioned revolutionary.
He studied the philosophes. He #rote 1ani$esto o$ %artagena
a$ter he helped >ene;uela get *ac their independence&
#hich
$ailed.
He rene#ed his military e2peditions and succeeded. He received
military and monetary support
$rom Haiti and 6ritain in return $or $reeing !outh American
!laves.
He de$eated the !panish $orces in '8'( and esta*lished the
Repu*lic o$ %olom*ia. He *ecame
the president and military dictator.
He then li*erated >ene;uela and cuador.
He also made many conuests to the north such as at the region o$
Rio :late.
ose !an 1artin also #anted to conuer Latin America& *ut
a$ter meeting 6olicar& he le$t the
conuest o$ !outh America to 6olivar.
He captured :eru and 9pper :eru.
Ho#ever& his generals started $ighting internally and the
united country $ell apart. +hey *ecame
%olom*ia& >ene;uela& and cuador. 0n the south&
they *ecame Argentina& :araguay& 9ruguay&
and 6olivia. "ther nations emerged too. 0n the end& '8
di$$erent nations emerged $rom !panishAmerica.
+here #as a lot o$ $ighting among the ne# states.
%audillos& or military strongmen& controlled local areas
and even national governments. +hey#ere military leaders #ho tae
political po#er.
1e2ico
+he independence movements #ere di$$erent $rom that o$ !outh
America *ecause they attacedthe %reole elites. +he priests Father
1iguel Hidalgo and Father ose 1aria 1orelos ne# that
peasant poverty #as the result o$ !panish and %reole rule.
!o& Hidalgo led the $irst 1e2icanrevolts until he #as e2ecuted
in '8''.
Father ose 1aria 1orelos then too command.
1orelos3 goals #ere to displace the !panish and creole
elites& to a*olish slavery& to revoe thespecial privileges
and landholding o$ the %hurch.
Later& the !panish captured 1orelos and e2ecuted him.
No#& the revolution #as led *y the %reole elites. 1e2ico #as
ruled lie a monarchy until it #as
