NATIONALISM becomes a victim of sectionalism (giving loyalty to a state or region rather than to the nation), thus giving rise to states’ rights issues.

I. Patterns of economic development

A. North- Factory system, protective tariffs, trade, strong banking system, favored immigration, extensive canal system and a growing railroad system.

B. South- agricultural system based on

cotton, less government interference, opposed to immigration, opposed to a national bank, few canals and less railroad tracks.

C. West- Federal Protection, transportation, in favor of immigration.

Problems of Sectional Balancein 1850

Problems of Sectional Balancein 1850ß California statehood.

ß Southern “fire-eaters” threateningsecession.

ß Underground RR & fugitive slave issues: Personal liberty laws

ß California statehood.

ß Southern “fire-eaters” threateningsecession.

ß Underground RR & fugitive slave issues: Personal liberty laws

THE COMPROMISE OF 1850:

1. California will enter as a free state.

2. Other states in the South West territories would be determined by “popular sovereignty” (Voters in territory will decide if state enters as free or slave.

3. The Slave Trade will be abolished in the District of Columbia (Washington D.C.), however slavery still exists in D.C.

4. The Fugitive Slave Act is passed which required by federal law, the return of runaway slaves.

Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850

HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896)

HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896)

So this is the lady who started the Civil War.

-- Abraham Lincoln

So this is the lady who started the Civil War.

-- Abraham Lincoln

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852 Sold 300,000

copies inthe first year.

2 million in a decade!

Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year.

2 million in a decade!

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

“Bleeding Kansas”“Bleeding Kansas”

Border “Ruffians”

(pro-slavery

Missourians)

Border “Ruffians”

(pro-slavery

Missourians)

“The Crime Against Kansas”

“The Crime Against Kansas”

Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA)

Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA)

Congressman Preston Brooks(D-SC)

Preston Brooks (D-SC)

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854

ß Northern Whigs.

ß Northern Democrats.

ß Free-Soilers.

ß Know-Nothings.

ß Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

ß Northern Whigs.

ß Northern Democrats.

ß Free-Soilers.

ß Know-Nothings.

ß Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

1856 Presidential Election

1856 Presidential Election

√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

1856Electi

on Resul

ts

1856Electi

on Resul

ts

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

The Supreme Court ruled that slaves were property, not citizens and therefore, Dred Scott was not entitled to use the courts.

The significance of this court case was that it caused the expansion of slavery into new United States territories.

It also increased tension in the United States over the slavery debate.

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

Stephen Douglas

& the

Freeport Doctrine

Stephen Douglas

& the

Freeport DoctrinePopular

Sovereignty?

PopularSovereig

nty?

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

Mural in the Kansas Capitol building

by John Steuart Curry (20c)

Mural in the Kansas Capitol building

by John Steuart Curry (20c)

1860Preside

ntialElectio

n

1860Preside

ntialElectio

n

√ Abraham Lincoln

Republican

√ Abraham Lincoln

Republican

John BellConstitutional

Union

John BellConstitutional

Union

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

Republican Party Platform in 1860Republican Party Platform in 1860ß Non-extension of slavery [for the

Free-Soilers].

ß Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].

ß No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].

ß Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].

ß Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.

ß Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

ß Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers].

ß Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].

ß No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].

ß Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].

ß Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.

ß Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860

Election

Results

1860

Election

Results

Election of 1860

Crittenden Compromise:

A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity

Crittenden Compromise:

A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity

Senator John J. Crittenden

(Know-Nothing-KY)

Introduced a plan to reorganize slavery into territories south of 36°30’ N.

Senator John J. Crittenden

(Know-Nothing-KY)

Introduced a plan to reorganize slavery into territories south of 36°30’ N.

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861