Past Perfect Tense

How can it be used?

In four different situations

To show TIMEIn Reported SpeechIn 3rd Conditional SentencesAfter “wish”

To show To show TIMETIME e.g. e.g. The next day Hem and Haw The next day Hem and Haw returnedreturned to Cheese Station C to Cheese Station C again after they again after they had lefthad left home. home.

had lefthad left returnedreturned nownow futurefuture (9:00 am) (10:00 am) (11:10 am)(9:00 am) (10:00 am) (11:10 am) We want to talk about:We want to talk about:

- - 2 actions2 actions - - happened in the pasthappened in the past - - one happened earlierone happened earlier than the than the other other

the action that happened earlierthe action that happened earlier

To show To show TIMETIME (continued) (continued)

e.g. e.g. Haw Haw shutshut his eyes as tight his eyes as tight as he could after he as he could after he had puthad put his his hands over his ears. hands over his ears.

e.g. He e.g. He did not wantdid not want to know the to know the cheese supply cheese supply hadhad gradually gradually becomebecome smaller. smaller.

In Reported Speech A lot of changes e.g. pronouns, modal verbs, reporting verbs,

time words, tenses, etc.

simple present ⇨ simple past present continuous ⇨ past continuous present perfect ⇨ past perfect simple past ⇨ past perfect past continuous ⇨ past perfect continuous

In Reported Speech (continued) e.g. ‘It’s not fair! Who did it?’ asked Hem. reported speech Hem asked who had done it because…... (simple past ⇨ past perfect)

e.g. Hem said, ‘I have become too old for that.’ Hem said that he had become too old for that

meant …… (present perfect ⇨ past perfect)

In 3rd Conditional Sentences

If-clause Main clause past perfect tense perfect conditional

If Hem had agreed to get going, they would have found some new cheese.

To talk about something which could have happened in the past but didn’t

After “wish”

To show that we feel sorry because we did not do something in the past

They (Sniff & Scurry) wished they had asked Hem and Haw to go with them so that everyone could enjoy the new cheese.

≫ Sniff & Scurry can enjoy the new cheese, but Hem & Haw CANNOT, so Sniff & Scurry feel sorry for not asking Hem & Haw to go with them in the past

After “wish” (continued)

Now and then Haw thought about his mice friends, and wished Hem had stopped analyzing the situation so much.

Past Perfect Tense in 4 different situations?

Pooh! Now I know how to use

Past Perfect Tense in 4 different

situations!

Really?

References:References:

Target English 3BTarget English 3B::

P.82 — showing when & how we use P.82 — showing when & how we use

past perfect tensepast perfect tense

P.6 & 7 — reported speechP.6 & 7 — reported speech

P.36 — conditional sentencesP.36 — conditional sentences

P.80 & 81 — “wish”P.80 & 81 — “wish”

ConsolidationConsolidation Homework: Homework: Target Workbook 3BTarget Workbook 3B

P.46P.46

Useful websites from Useful websites from yahoo.comyahoo.com:: Key “Key “past perfect tensepast perfect tense”” Surf No. Surf No. 1, 2, 71, 2, 7

Questions?