Regents Biology 2009-2010

Cellular RespirationENERGY

ATP

123

Regents Biology

CO2 + H2O + heatfuel

(carbohydrates)

O2

“Burn fuels” to make energycombustionmaking heat energy by burning fuels in one step

ATP

ATP + CO2 + H2O (+ heat)

aerobic Respiration – uses oxygenmaking ATP energy (& some heat) by burning fuels in many small steps

glucose(carbohydrates)

O2

enzymes

Regents Biology

Energy needs of life - GRRSNERT Animals are energy consumers or

heterotrophs What do we need energy for?

Synthesis (building for Growth) Reproduction active Transport - low to high; endo + exocytosis movement temperature control (making heat) - Regulation

Regents Biology

Where do we get energy? Energy is stored in bonds of organic molecules

carbohydrates, fats, proteins – contain C + H Animals eat these organic molecules food

digest food to get fuels for energy (ATP) raw materials for building more molecules

Carbohydrates made of simple sugars, fats made of fatty acids, proteins made of amino acids, nucleic acids made of nucleotides

ATP

Regents Biology

Releasing energy stored in food Cellular Respiration

breaking down food to produce ATP in mitochondria using oxygen

“aerobic” Respiration

usually digesting glucose but could be other sugars,

fats, or proteins

C6H12O6 O2 ATP CO2 H2O+ + +

glucose + oxygen energy + carbon + water dioxide

O2

glucose ATP

enzymes

enzymes

Regents Biology

What do we need to make energy? The “Furnace” for making energy

mitochondria has folds to increase surface area Fuel

food: carbohydrates, fats, proteins Helpers

oxygen - aerobic enzymes

Product ATP’s (36)

Waste products carbon dioxide

then used by plants water

O2

glucose

ATP

Make ATP!Make ATP!

All I do all day…And no one

even notices!

enzymes

CO2 H2O

Regents Biology

Can’t store ATP too unstableonly used in cell

that produces itonly short term

energy storage carbohydrates & fats

are long term energy storage

Using ATP to do work?

A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second

ATP

ADP + P

Useable energy

Whoa! Pass me theglucose & oxygen!

Adenosine DiPhosphate

Adenosine TriPhosphate

Regents Biology

release energy

A Body’s Energy Budget

eatglucose

Synthesis(building)

• energy needed even at rest

• activity• temperature

control{

• Growth• Reproduction• repair{

storage• glycogen

(in the liver)• fat - ↑ calories{

ATP1

2

3

Regents Biology

What if oxygen is missing? No oxygen available = can’t complete

aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration

also known as fermentation alcohol fermentation - yeast lactic acid fermentation – bacteria, human muscles

occurs with no oxygen or no mitochondria (bacteria/prokaryotes)

can only make very little ATP (2) large animals cannot survive for long some ATP is better than NO ATP

O2

Regents Biology

Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation

alcohol fermentation yeast

glucose ATP + CO2+ alcohol

make beer, wine, bread

lactic acid fermentation bacteria, animals

glucose ATP + lactic acid bacteria make yogurt animals feel muscle fatigue – the “burn”

O2

Tastes good…but not enoughenergy for me!

enzymes

enzymes